Biomass Town Concept Promotion Project

in

Thailand

Na Duang Village, Na Duang District, Loei Provinceas a model case for typical village in North Eastern Area of Thailand

Dr. Pacharee Niamsrichand

Senior Expert in Cropping System

Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives

1

1. Project Introduction in Brief

His Majesty the King initiating National Policy

“Self-Sufficient Economy”

Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives’ Policy

• Green Energy

• Food Security

• Zero Waste

• Rural Community

Development

Biomass Town Concept Project

Japan

1)Background of the Project

Thailand

Thai and Japan agreed for Project

Implementation o at A-MAFF+3

Meeting in 2008

Matching,

then ,,,,,

•Prevention of global warming

•Creation of “recycling-oriented”

society

•Fostering of new strategic industries

•Activation of agriculture, forestry &

fisheries in rural communities

2

2) East Asia Biomass Town Concept Promotion Project

3) Activities in the past two years (Preparation work for Creating

the First Biomass Town in Thailand)

Project’s GuidelineIntroduction & Promotion of the

“Japanese Initiating Biomass Town

Project” with Technical Assistance as a

part of International Cooperation.

Projects’ SitesAfrica (2010 -) / Indonesia (2010 -)

/ Malaysia (2010 -) / Thailand (2008 -)

/ Vietnam (2008 -)

F/Y 2008

-Selection of Front Runner for Promoting Biomass Town Concept in

Thailand & Vietnam

-Workshop on Biomass Town Concept Promotion in Japan

(Nominated Front Runner from both countries joined to the Workshop)

F/Y 2009

-Project site selection (Na Duang from Thailand & Cu Chi from Vietnam)

- Data & Information Collection Work at site(s)

(1) Capacity Development

3

Consideration on Creation Process of Biomass TownSince this is the first trial to create “Biomass Town” in Thailand, we followed the standard

process in Japan as model for creating the “Biomass Town” in Thailand, which is as ;

Area Selection Project Owner Selection Field Research I

Field Research II Field Research III

Selecting the Area with Boundary

for creating Biomass Town

Selecting the Responsible Parties

for Project ImplementationGeneral Information of the Project

site (area), such as Socio - Economic

Information, History etc.

Drafting Biomass Town

creating plan

Feasibility Study for

Project ImplementationStakeholders Meeting

Completion of the

Biomass Town

Existing Biomass in the Area

(Variety , Quantity & Quality

utilized and Un-utilized basis)

Collecting works, Transportation,

Current Utilization of Biomass and

Demand for Biomass oriented products

Drafting based on the Data &

Information obtained from Field

Research I-III)

(2) Biomass Town Creation Process

START

GOAL

4

Location Latitude : 17.483 N

Longitude : 101.983 E

Altitude : 700m

(Na Duang District)

Geographic Information Boarder :

East = Udonthani

West = Pisanulouk

South = Khon Kaen & Prchaburi

North = Lao PDR

(Loei Province)

Na Dok Kham Village

Tha Sa-at Village

Tha Sawan Village

Na Duang Village

Na Duang District

(Amphoe)

Climate Information

2. Biomass Town Concept Creation in Thailand

1) Project’s Site (Na Duang Village, Na Duang District, Loei Province)

Temp. (Average)

5

Loei Provincial Office

Na Duang District Office

Na Duang Village Office

Local Administration

Responsible Parties & Operating Body for Biomass Town Project

Na Duang Rice Cultivation Group

(Cooperative with 2,000 households)

Private

SectorsContinued Information

Exchange for further

cooperation

Name Title OrganizationMr. Montree Champasiri President

Community(Na Duang Rice Cultivation Group)

Mr. Sutti kamma

Ms. Saiton Siwana

Mr. Sendaw Takwan

Mr. Biyata Kaetialom

Mr. Sussac konna

Mr. Pattaraty Phinkam

Mr.Sampard Surachaipany Adviser Head of DOAE, Na Duang

District OfficeDr.Somjate Prathoommintra Adviser DOA Chief Researcher

Mr. Lamphong Suchimongkol

The Chief of the Village

Officer

Officer

Officer

2) Responsible Parties & Operating Body

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Districts(amphoe)

Villages (Tambol)

Area(Rai=0.16ha) No. of HouseholdsPopulation(by gender)

Total Farmland Total Farmlands Female Male Total

Ban Tha Sa-at 12 90,376 84,695 1,860 1,718 4,274 4,474 8,878

Ban Na DokKham 17 65,821 45,139 1,973 1,792 4,445 4,199 8,644

Na Duang 7 9,747 8,634 784 549 1,743 1,776 3,519

Ban Tha Sawan 5 14,293 13,539 642 609 1,573 1,493 3,066

Total 41 180,337 152,007 5,265 4,668 12,035 11,942 24,107

Table 1. Census

Na Duang

+ Population in Total : 3,519

+ Number of Households : 784

+ Number of Households engage in Agriculture : 549 (more than 70%)

+ Land Area : 9,747 rai (1,560ha)

+ Farmland : 8,634 rai (1,380ha)

3) Data & Information in the Area (1)

Census

7

Districts(amphoe)

Rice

Crops Fruits Rubber

Maize CassavaSoy

beansBlack beans

Chili pepper tamarind Mango Lamyai litchi Orange

1-7yrs

8-20yrs

Ban Tha Sa-at 4,310 10,800 900 3,200 - 40 725 238 520 10 34 1,460 6,477

Ban Na DokKham

5,126 43,159 585 572 186 20 1,102 598 1,133 56 20 1,179 5,804

Na Duang 2,590 6,950 800 2,000 150 35 313 81 118 - 20 1,340 3,941

Ban ThaSawan

1,904 1,500 6,700 1,600 80 90 827 356 596 21 252 1,350 3,887

Total13,93

0 62,409 8,985 7,372 416 185 2,967 1,273 2,367 87 326 5,329 20,109

Table 2. Agricultural Statistics

Characteristics of the Area

+ Agriculture is the main industry in the area

+ There are Maize, Rice, Cassava, Rubber and Soy Beans as Major Crops

or Plants in the area, while there are not too many, but Tamarind,

Lamyai, and others in the area.

+ There are more than 7,000 rai (437ha) of Oil Palm Plantation in the

area and spreading the planting area year by year.Na Duang

3) Data & Information in the Area (2)

Agricultural Statistics I

8

Table 3. Statistics of Oil Palm

B.E.(A.D.)

Cultivation area (Rai) Harvest（（（（Potential））））(MT)Community Other Community Other

2548 (2006) 182.6 458 0 02549 (2007) 50.3 116 0 02550 (2008) 50.0 633 0 02551 (2009) N/A N/A 273 6872552 (2010) 98.0 1,275 358 861

Total 380.9 2,482 631 1,548

Table 4. Statistics of Live Stocks (2008)

Livestock Type No. of Farmers No. of heads

Buffalo 8 108Beef cattle 43 303Daily Cow 0 0Pig 12 114

Table 5. Fish Cultivation (2008)

Number of farmers

Numbers of Fish Cultivating

(Rai)

Productivity/ Rai(Average / kg)

Production(MT/Year)

898 675 120 81

3) Data & Information in the Area (3)

Agricultural Statistics II

9

Corn :- Grain :

>90% → Dry Yards in the Area

- Stalks & Leaves : 100% → be left in the field

- Corncob : >90% → be left in the field or surrounding area

Cassava :- Tuber :

100% → Day Yards in the Area (except for sweet variety for self

consumption)

-Stalks & Leaves :100% → Left in the Field (except for some for seedling for next

plantation)

Rice :-Rice

100% → Rice Mills (except for some for seed rice for next

plantation)

-Rice Bran

100% → Generated at Rice Mills for sale as Animal Feed & Fish

Meal

-Rice Husk

100% → Generated at Rice Mill

-Stalks & Straw

60% → Left in the Field

40% → Utilizes as Raw Material for Composting, Animal Feed Location Map of Dry Yard in Na Duang District

Legend : ● Dry yards for Cassava

■ Dry yards for Maize

▲ Dry yards for Cassava+ Maize

3) Data & Information in the Area (4)

Main Crop Distribution in the Area

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Biomass Availability Estimation (Example of Rice, Corn & Cassava)

Leaves 3 %

Stems 7 %

Tuber 82 %

Cassava Corn Rice

Grain 44%

Corncob 15%

Stalks 41%

Table 6. Residue from Farmland (MT)

Bulb 8 %

Rice : 19.5%

Rice Husk : 5.5%

Rice Bran : 6.0%

Rice Straw : 26%

Rice Stalks : 43%

3) Data & Information in the Area (5)

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- Biomass Utilization in the Area

(1)Composting

(2) Alternative Energy (Thermal Use for Cooking at Households & Dry Yard)

(3) Animal Feed

- Existing Facilities / Equipment for Biomass Conversion

(1)Small Scale BDF Refinery

Ministry of Energy lending the Equipment to the Community through Local

Administration for free. The Community set up the Equipment on June 2009.

Capacity is 200L / Day for 10 hours continuous operation.

(2) Composting Area

There are three public compost manufacturing area in Na Duang, however it is said

that not fully utilized , as most of farmers manufacture compost in or surrounding their

resident or farmland

3) Data & Information in the Area (6)

Biomass Utilization & Existing Facilities in the Area

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3) Data & Information in the Area (7)

Demand for Biomass originated products in the Area (Estimation)

(1) Compost

Table 7. Fertilizing Standard for each Plant (Chemical Fertilizer)

Composting

Substite of Chemical Fertilizer

(Unit Q’ntity x cultivating Area)

Soil Improvement Material

(500-1,000kg x Area of Farmland)

(2) Alternative Energy (Thermal Energy)

1,860MT

4,317MT -

There seems much

demands ! But…

(Lack of Initial Investment,

Quality Control, Marketing,

Inconvenience in storing,

transport & use etc.)

Carbide

Bio-Gas

or

2.5 MT / year x 784 =

M3 / year x 784 =

2,012MT

392M313

Community

Composting

Facility

4) Biomass Town Concept Image in Na Duang District, Loei

Palm

crushing

mill

Farm land Process

Cassava Dry

Yard

House hold

Animal wasteGarbage

(-t/HH/d)Farm land (3-5ha)

Oil palm

(750ha)

Cassava

(4,400ha)

Corn

(23,700ha)

Pig farm

Rice(2,500ha)

Biogas plant

(liquid fertiliser)

Biomass(Waste)

Biomass

Farmers’ own consumption

Oil for kitchen

Use

(--kg/HH/d)

Refinery

Fertilizer

Home composting

Domestic use/ power plant / other area

Local use for vehicle

Local use forhousehold

GHG emission

reduction

GHG emission reduction/

Cost saving of households

GHG emission

reduction

Cost saving of farmers/

Sustainable farming

Organic fertilizer

GHG emission

reduction

Chickens (-kg/head/d)

Cows (-kg/head/d)

Pigs (-kg/head/d)

Palm oil(3,000t/y)

BDF (1,500t/y)

Stem

Root

Corn

Corn cob

Corn cob

Rice straw

Rice Mill

Paddy

Rice husk

/bran

Organic fertiliser

Biogas

Animal feed

Plant

(fermentation)

Animal feed

Centralized

Corn Dry

Yard

Residue(7,000t/y)

Liquid fertiliser

Existing facility New facilities to be installed

DOA

Analysis on

application

method

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Time Agenda Notes

Fiscal Year 2009

Sept10-11

1st Seminar (Loei Province)

-Meeting with core members from the local community

- Field Survey at Na Duang

Dec 9 2nd Seminar(Loei Province)

-Introduction & Explanation of the Project

- Opinion Exchange Meeting

Dec 17 Meeting of 300 farmers in Na Duang(Loei Province)

-Commencement of project planning for Biomass Town Concept by each farmers’ group

Dec 18 3rd Seminar(Loei Province)

-Concerning Parties held a meeting for better understandings for the project

Mar 5 Workshop(Bangkok and Loei)

-Publication of Biomass Town Concept (draft) - Field tour in Na Duang village

Fiscal Year 2010

Aug Stakeholders Meeting(Community Center)

-Stakeholders in the Area joined to the Meeting for Discussion

Dec Workshop: Introduction of Town Concept and projects(Bangkok & Loei)

-Related Central Government Organizations, Stakeholders joined to the Workshop

Workshop at Loei Palace Hotel

Discussion with Chief of District

5) Involvement of Resident , Academic Institutes, Private Sectors in the Area

15

3. Project Implementation under Biomass Town Concept

Bio Digester supported by Khon Kaen Univ. Mushroom Cultivation supported by Private Sector

Composting supported by Department of Land Development

16

Department of Agriculture dispatched a Expert for Mushroom

Cultivation to Na Duang Village for conducting Cultivation

Experiment

Department of Land Development is

providing technical assistance to The

Community members at Na Duang

Village for compost manufacturing from

existing biomass with microorganism

Images of Mushroom (Future) & Existing Mushroom Cultivation House

Cultivation Experiment (by Department of Agriculture Extension)

Oil Palm Mill

4. Achievement from the Project & Future Plan in the Area

1) Achievement(1) Capacity Development (Core Members in Local Committee & Central Government)

(2) Completion of the Biomass Town Concept at Na Duang Village

(3) Implemented some projects in Biomass Town & set up Program for Research

(4) Form up “Central Committee” for Biomass Town Concept Promotion

2) Future Plan in the Area (develop to “Integrated Biomass Town”)

Bio Diesel Bio Diesel

FFB

Liquid FertilizerLive Stock Center

Compost

Oil Palm

Residue

Waste

Residue

Fossil Fuel

Residue

Chemical Fertilizer

Bio Digester

Food & Energy

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1) Establishment of Framework for Biomass Town Concept Promotion in Thailand

* under preparation for the 1st General Meeting with the approval given by His Excellency, the Permanent Secretary

of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives in Thailand as of July, 2010.

5. Challenges for further development

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2) Standardization of Biomass Town Concept Creating Process in Thailand

Even thought to standardize creating process for Biomass Town is one of our target to be achieved in this year, we could not fix

the standard process for Biomass Town creation in Thailand, as we have only the case in Na Duang and we judged to have more

examples to fix any such standard in Thailand. Hopefully to be fixed in next year.

3) Research Works for Biomass & Biomass originated products especially in Agricultural

Field (Raw Material, Conversion Technologies, Know-How, Quality Control for

Biomass

originated products and experiment of those products in the field)

4) Data & Information Collecting and Publication

Department of Agriculture consider to collect related data & information not only from the Department, but also from other

Department in Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives and other Government Organization to be published in the web

and/or as printing matters.

5) Expanding to different Areas with purpose of creating more model cases in Thailand

Biomass Town in Na Duang Village can be a Model Case for Typical Agriculture based Village in North

Eastern Area of Thailand Department of Agriculture need to develop more models for other area with

different socio-economic & agricultural characteristics, for example, a village from Chumpon Province,

is a typical village in the southern part of Thailand with Rubber Trees & Oil Palm Trees

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Appendix. 1 Theological Estimation of Bio-Products produced from 1MT of Pig’s Excrement

(by Mid-Temp – Wet Methane Fermentation)

* Values in this chart are those in Japan (to be modified of the Thai standard)

* Energy be expected to obtain are subject to calories in raw material

* TS = Total Solid, T-C = Total Carbon, T-N = Total Nitrogen, T-P = Total

Phosphorus, T-K = Total Potassium

Input

Composition

Output

Evaporation = 14.7% of Nitrogen

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LIGHTING

COCKING

POWER GENERATION

Appendix 2. Considerable Utilization for Bio Products from Methane Fermentation

Biogas

Material C N P K

Composition 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.2

Material C N P K

Composition 17 1.9 1.8 0.3

Digestive Liquid

Solid Waste

Liquid Fertilizer

organic Fertilizer

Farmland

Composting

Biogas Plant

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Appendix. 3 Nutrition Composition for Biomass (Japan)

Variety Water Contain (%) C N P2O5 K2O

Rice Straw 8.55 37.4 0.53 0.06 1.75

Rice Bran 12.3 40.2 1.18 2.06 1.33

Rice Husk 9.4 34.6 0.32 0.058 0.37

Soybean Stem 13.0 0.65 0.16 1.28

Maize Residue (Dried) 15.0 0.56 0.45 1.93

Sugarcane Top (Dried) 9.8 40.4 0.80 0.23 1.45

Baggase 37.2 47.1 0.31 0.12 0.42

Peanuts stem & leaves 14.3 41.6 1.87

Sesame Residue 8.5 42.6 8.1 3.05 1.41

Department of Agriculture’s TargetPreparation of Data Bank for Biomass in Thailand(1) Data for Existing Biomass = Quantity, Quality & Varieties in Thailand

(2) Chemical Analysis Data for each Biomass available in Thailand

Quality Check & Control of Biomass originated Products (Agricultural Use=N, P, K & Heavy Metal)(1)Liquid Fertilizer

(2)Compost

Cultivation Experiment with Liquid Fertilizer & Compost to different plants/ crops

Research for keeping in stock , Transportation & Utilization 22

Proposal for Further Expansion

1. Capacity Development of the Researchers in Department of Agriculture

1) Exchange Researcher in related field

2) Conducting Joint Research

3) Technical Transfer (Biomass Conversion Technologies, Know-How, Project

Management etc)

2. Establishment of Revolving Found for Biomass Town Concept Promotion

(Sustainable Supporting System)

Capital

Injection

Revolving

Found

Projects in 1st Phase

Projects in 2nd Phase

Projects in 3rd & Continuous Phase

Biomass Town

Central Committee

Advising & Evaluation

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3. Capital / Material Injection from Private Sectors

Worth studying the possibility to claim Carbon Emission Reduction (CER)

from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under Kyoto Protocol

(Programmatic CDM) and/or VER (Voluntary Emission Reduction) for transfer

to the private sector, who inject financial support / material into the project.

Special Thanks to ;

Minister’s Secretariat , Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, Japan

Loei Provincial Office

Na Duang District Office

Department of Alternative Energy & Efficiency, Ministry of Energy

Department of Land Development, Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives

Department of Live Stock Development, Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives

Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives

EX Corporation, Japan

Department of Environmental Engineering, Khon Kaen University

THANK YOU !24