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Biomass Towm Concept Pilot Project: in Thailand
(Loei & Nongkhai Province)
Biomass Biomass TowmTowm ConceptConcept Pilot Project: in ThailandPilot Project: in Thailand
((LoeiLoei & & NongkhaiNongkhai ProvinceProvince))
Ministry of Agriculture Cooperation, Thailand Ministry of Agriculture Forest and Fishery, Japan
The Problems Diagnosis
Farmers Government (National)
-
Low income
-
low productive area,
-
high input,
-
unstable & low price
-
High energy consumption
-
100% Fossil fuel importing -
few hydro plant,
-
few gasifier (lack of biomass)
-
Green house gas emission
Needs Diagnosis Farmers Government (National Plans)
-
Alternating new crops,
with
-
higher productiveness,
-
low to medium input,
-
stable price
-
Higher income
-
Based on sufficient
economic
-
Energy strategies
-
10% reduce fossil fuel by
using bio-energy (bio-ethanol,
bio-diesel) -
renewable energy
-
Green town concept
-
CDM project
Needs Scenario
Pilot Model (DOA)
National Strategies (MOE)
(MOAC)
Farmer needs
International Strategies (Japanese Biomass Town Concept)
The key issues facing the Biomass Town Concepts: The key issues facing the The key issues facing the Biomass Town Concepts:Biomass Town Concepts:
Zero Waste- Re-structure- Re-use- Recycle
Carbon Reduction- Reduce GHC Emission- Utilization- Renewable energy
Sustainable Agriculture- New Theory (Environmental friendly)
- Self Sufficient Economic- Help-self
Community
Composting
Facility
Biomass Town Concept Image in Na Duang
District, Loei
Palm
crushing mill
Farm land Process
Cassava Dry
Yard
House hold
Animal wasteGarbage(‐t/HH/d)
Farm land (3‐5ha)
Oil palm(750ha)
Cassava(4,400ha)
Corn(23,700ha)
Pig farm
Rice(2,500ha)
Biogas plant(liquid fertilizer)
Biomass(Waste)
Biomass
Farmers’
own
consumption
Oil for kitchen Use
(‐‐kg/HH/d)
Refinery
Fertilizer
Home composting
Domestic use/ power
plant / other area
Local use for vehicle
Local use forhousehold
GHG emission
reduction
GHG emission reduction/
Cost saving of households
GHG emission
reduction
Cost saving of farmers/Sustainable farming
Organic fertilizer
GHG emission
reduction
Chickens (‐kg/head/d)Cows (‐kg/head/d)Pigs (‐kg/head/d)
Palm oil
(3,000t/y)
BDF
(1,500t/y)
StemRoot
CornCorn cobCorn cob
Rice straw
Rice MillPaddy
Rice husk
/bran
Organic fertiliser
(??t/y)
Biogas
Animal feedPlant (fermentation)
Animal feed
Human waste
digester
Centralized
Corn Dry
Yard
Residue(7,000t/y)
Liquid fertiliser
Existing facility New facilities to be installed
DOA
Analysis on
application
method
The Main Concepts
Biomass Town Concept in Thailand
1. Restructure for Agricultural System; - Change from paddy field (low productive area)
to oil palm - Based on The King’s New Agriculture Theory
2. Biomass Management and Utilization
3. Revolving Fund and Educating
The Pilot Model Concept
Four steps from Japanese Biomass Town Concept
1. Educating farmers & local government
2. Project setup and management
3. Local Premium Market management
4. Agro-tourism, to present about: - Biomass town concept - Impact to environment - high QC products producing unit
Educating Farmers & Local Gov.
1. Farmer groups setting (How, what activities etc) - oil palm planting group - Cattle groups (with local government) - Organic crops
2. CDM concepts (with local government) - Biomass town concept (Green town concept) - Renewable energy concept
3. Crop production training - oil palm seedling nursery management - field management for plantations - farm account
Project Setup
Why oil palm will use as alternative crops???-high oil production per area (>2.5 tons CPO / ha) - less workers- medium input- good price
Is it suitable for NE Thailand ?????????- can grow only between 10oN-10oS ??????- low relative humidity in NE, it can be fruiting- long drought period, oil palm need water > 200 mm/day
Project Setup
How to start?????- Soil survey and land evaluation technique were
applied; (follows FAO Guide line)
- Suitable area for oil palm was characterized by; - low productive area for paddy and field crop, - coarse texture top soil, - high ground water table, < 1 m from surface
- To find out the answer
Dominikan
(2.45)
15o
S
0o
15o N
30o
N
30o
S(….) Average Production (ton.rai-1.year-1)
Honduras (4.04)
Mexico (2.53)
10o N
10o N
FAO, 200513
Traditional area for Oil palm
Nongkhai
(2.70)Kanchanaburi
(2.85)
Malaysia (3,20)Indonesia (2.91)
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P4
P9
P8P7
P6P5P3
P1
P10PSG10
Regulator##
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P4
P9
P8P7
P6P5P3
P1
P10PSG10
Regulator
Expected Expected
YieldYield
(ton/(ton/rairai))
IrrigationIrrigation
AreaArea
((raisrais))
RainfedRainfed
AreaArea
((raisrais))
TotalTotal
AreaArea
((raisrais))
> 3.5 > 3.5 15,43915,439 81,15581,155 96,59496,594
2.52.5--3.53.5 42,92442,924 59,54359,543 102,467102,467
1.51.5--2.5 2.5 15,69415,694 75,86775,867 91,56191,561
TotalTotal 74,05774,057 216,565216,565 290,622290,622
Land Suitability for Oil Palm Production in Thabor, Nongkhai Province
Unit 6.25 rais
= 1 ha
Project Targets Project Targets -- Oil palm new plantation will establish > 5,000 Oil palm new plantation will establish > 5,000 raisrais
(within 40 km)(within 40 km)-- Central cattle farm for biogas producing systemCentral cattle farm for biogas producing system-- DOA supported knowledge and seedling DOA supported knowledge and seedling
--DOA designed the Crushing Mill Model for 5 t/hr, DOA designed the Crushing Mill Model for 5 t/hr, by product from the processing unit are;by product from the processing unit are;
-- FiberFiber ((after oil extracting after oil extracting )) -- Organic Fertilizer Producing unitOrganic Fertilizer Producing unit
((cow dung &cow dung & EFBEFB)) -- Liquid fertilizerLiquid fertilizer (from biogas unit)(from biogas unit)
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Project ManagementProject ManagementProject EvaluationProject Evaluation
-- Crop inspector every 2 monthCrop inspector every 2 month-- Meeting and Educating Meeting and Educating
-- Renewable energy knowledgeRenewable energy knowledge -- Oil Palm Plantation ManagementOil Palm Plantation Management
-- Nursery ManagementNursery Management -- PlantingPlanting -- Pest controlPest control
-- Farming accountFarming account
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Pilot ModelPilot ModelOil Palm Farmer Groups
FFB2.50 baht/kg
Crushing Mill 5-10 tons/hr FFB 50 tons/day
CPO 8.1 tons Fiber 6.8 tons EFB 9.9 tons
Center Cattle Farm
Cows > 400
Existing 2,000 rais
2009 (new) 3,000 rais
Organic F.>
400 tons/year
Biogas
(CH4
)
Pilot Model for an areaPilot Model for an area of 5,000 of 5,000 raisrais
Modern Centralized Farm
Bio-gas unitIdeal Model
CH4
emission
Estimated Farmer Income
1. Palm Production -
Start Fruiting
3rd
Year
- Peak 6th
Year (after planting)
-
Crop cycle
> 25 years
2. Organic farming Promotion -
Field crops Baby corn, sweet corn, soybean etc.
-
Vegetable crops Mokara, Asparagus, long bean, chilly
tomato, cucumber etc
Expected Yield/Yearly Income
FFB
S
E NE Average
-
Avg. 6-25 yrs (ton/rai)
3,624
3,270
2,943
3,279
Farmer income (baht/rai) 5,189
4,369
3,402
4,320
FFB Quarantine Price, 2.5 baht/kg
DOA Plan for R&D
1. Drought tolerant oil palm clone -
new breeding program
-
surveying for the good adaptation oil palm tree in NE -
with the expert (work together with Malaysian team)
between 31 August-4September -
selected plant will collect the FFB to prepare for germinated
seedling (in Suratthani
Oil Palm Research) in September 2009 -
May 2009
-
Pre-nursery and main nursery in Khon
Kahen
RC (June
2010-April 2011)
DOA Plan for R&D
2.
-
new breeding program
-
surveying for the good adaptation oil palm tree in NE -
with the expert (work together with Malaysian team)
between 31 August-4September -
selected plant will collect the FFB to prepare for germinated
seedling (in Suratthani
Oil Palm Research) in September 2009 -
May 2009
-
Pre-nursery and main nursery in Khon
Kahen
RC (June
2010-April 2011)
Technologies need for Supporting1.
CDM Project Assist
-
biomass calculation models
-
Carbon life cycle model
-
PDD consultant
-
EIA consultant
2.
Bio-gas utilization eg:
-
gas filtering technique
-
gas compression technique
-
gas storage unit
Technologies Need for Supporting
3. Technology development
-
exchange researcher
-
short course for training
-
co-researcher
- consultant
Farmer need for Supporting
1.
Revolving Fund
-
Oil Palm Seedling Nursery
-
Crushing Factory (Decomposing unit, Feed stock unit)
-
Training and visiting
2.
Knowledge
-
Renewable energy (What and How to utilize)
- CDM