besøger vindenergiafdelingen dtu risø campus...
TRANSCRIPT
Akademiet for Talentfulde Unge besøger
Vindenergiafdelingen DTU Risø Campus 21. sep. 2015
Værter:
Professorer Torben Mikkelsen og Jakob Mann Statistik fra dansk vindenergi - seniorforsker Ph.D Niels-Erik Clausen
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Program for dagen: • 14:00 - 14:30 Risø -> DTU :Fra Atomkraft til Vind Energi” Dansk energiforskning siden 2.
verdenskrig. Torben
• 14:30 - 15:00 Remote sensing (Fjernmåling) af Vind - med Lyd og Lys. Torben
• 15:00 - 16:00 Vandring til møllerække med fortællinger om forsøg. Besøg hardware i
laboratoriet. To grupper – v/ Torben og Jakob
• 16:00 - 16:30 Sandwich, DTU betaler.
• 16:30 - 17:00 Måling af komposanter af en vektor og rekonstruktion af vektor. Jakob
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Historical background of Danish energy production … of our times…:
1956: Risø National Laboratory was founded to exploit the peaceful use of nuclear energy
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Flying high above Risø National Laboratory => Risø DTU => DTU Wind Energy:
Niels
Albert
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Neutral Smoke plume with argon-41 (Borssele NPP, NL)
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Real-time 2-D Lidar Scan at SCK-CEN Mol BR1 60 m elevated Plume release (2001):
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Borex’94: Elevated unstable Plume
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BOREX’94: Stable Plume dispersion……
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Atmospheric
Dispersion and
Deposition
… and the plume comes
your way !
1. Decision Support:
2. Monitoring
3. Modeling
4. Forecasting
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Atmospheric
Dispersion and
Deposition
Atmospheric Dispersion
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1985: Nuclear Power No thanks 2011: Mutti Merkel: No more NPP’s by 2022…
March 1986:
Danish Government referendum against nuclear power in Denmark…
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2000: Den sidste reaktor lukker …
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13-april2011
13
FUKUSHIMA; Japan 11.april 2011
Earth Quake 8,9 – then ~12 m Tsunami:
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… Meanwhile we became an oil producing country…
…but how about the climate and CO2 ?
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Oil and gas is not sustainable...
...this is serious...
DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark
Klimaudfordringen på én slide
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DTU Wind Energy, Technical Univ ersity of Denmark
Hvad betyder det?
Roskilde efter stormen Bodil dec. 2013
Frederikssund efter
stormen Bodil dec. 2013
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Test Station for Large
Wind Turbines
Høvsøre - Risø DTU
Fortunately there is
wind energy ...
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DTU Vindenergi
…From resource to grid
DTU Wind Energy 235 staff
members
Including 150 academic staff
members and 50 PhD students
DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark
5 stands
Max. 10 MW
Max. height 165 m
... Risø DTU Test facility Høvsøre 2002 ...
Test Station Risø 1979
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... Wind Turbines become bigger and Bigger ...
Airbus A380
vingefang 80m
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1985 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2001
Year
€ce
nt/k
Wh
Pri
s p
r kW
h
Årstal
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Dansk energipolitik og målsætning
Dansk energipolitik 2015 fokuserer nu på forsyningssikkerhed, klimahensyn og grøn vækst:
2020 mål
–12% reduktion af bruttoenergiforbruget
–30% vedvarende energi af samlede energiforbrug
–50% vindenergi af elforbruget
–10% vedvarende energi i transportsektoren
2050 mål: ingen fossile brændsler i energisystemet
DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark
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Vindenergi i Danmark 2014
offshore onshore
Dec 2014:
På land
Offshore
Antal vindmøller
Elproduktion i 2014 DTU Wind Energy, Technical
University of Denmark
4849 MW <-> 1kW/dansker
3578 MW
1271 MW
5244
13.5 TWh
Source: Energistyrelsen Stamdataregister for vindmøller
(40%)
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Eksempel: En Vestas V164– Ø 164 m:
3
3
2 2
1
½ [Watt]
Air Density; "ca. én liter mælk pr m "
Rotor Areal 4
Wind Speed [ ]
Power coefficient [0.2 - 0.5]
p
p
P Av C
A Ø m
v ms
C
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Eksempel: En Vestas V164– Ø 164 m:
3
2 2
1
3 3
Air Density: 1.2 kg/m
Rotor Areal: 164 21124 (2.1 Ha ~4 tønder land...)4
Wind Speed: 10 [ ]
Power coefficient 0.45
½ [Watt] =½ 1.2 21124 10 0.45 5.7
p
p
A m
v ms
C
P Av C MW
Vi er ca. 5.7 millioner mennesker, så én V164 mølle genererer, ved 10 m/s, ca. 1 Watt til hver dansker…..
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DK Wind 2014: 39% af dansk netto 30 TWH (el)
Med ca. 5,7 millioner mennesker i Danmark og med 365X24 =8760 timer år =>
12
netto pr dansker 6
netto vind pr dansker
En danskers gennemsnitlige elforbrug (Power) var i 2014:
30 10P 600
8760 5.7 10
hvoraf vindkraft dækkede 40% : 240 Watt
Watt
P
Altså, 240 stk. V164 møller i 10m/s konstant vind kunne
holde Danmark forsynet med 40% el i 2014
Men vi nåede samme mål med 5244 mindre møller…
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SODAR: SOund Detection And Ranging
R.L Schwiesow, Probing the atmospheric boundary layer
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LYD: Heimdal… …our first bi-static
”Wind Energy SODAR” (2001-2004)
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LYS -> ”Lidar”: Høvsøre Dec. 2008 Windscanner lidar test Spatial-resolution improved ”Stretch Pod” Unit 107 (left) vs. Windscanner Unit 120 (right)
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LYS: Our “WindScanner” Vision (2007 ff): WindScanners measuring wind and turbulence around operating wind turbine's at the test site at Høvsøre, Denmark:
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1 D
2 D
3 D
Ground based
Source DTU
Tech
nolo
gy
Ap
plic
atio
ns
Lidics DTU SpinnerLidar
Leosphere
Leosphere Source Sgurr
WLS 200/400 S
DTU short-range WindScanner
DTU long-range WindScanner
DTU short-range Scanner
Source DTU
Long-range Short-range
Turbine mounted + others Wind
component
Technology and Experiments 2015:
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How does SODAR & LIDAR Doppler shift work?
f1. Determines the Doppler shift in
the backscattered signal, i.e.:
2. Measures Δf in three different directions to determine all three wind components ui of the velocity vector u:
2 iif
u
c
u
f
f ii
Elastic Scatter =>
The Doppler Shift Eqs.
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Christian Doppler, Austria (1842)
Doppler equation from dispersion relation
@ 1.5µ )
0f UD Bf
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Wind lidars: Ideal Gaussian beam properties
2
4
Far-field distance
tFF
dD
dt λ ”Colimated beam”
2
2
42 2Rayleigh
t
fFWHM Z
d
”Focussed beam”
R f
Inte
nsity
t
FF
d
DR
Divergence Beam
0
4Minimum Waist ("diffraction limit"):
t
fd
d
DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 30 June 2015
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Pulsed LIDARS (2007-)
SODARS (2004)
CW LIDARS (2006-)
2003-12: Ground-based RS wind sensors Høvsøre, Denmark
DTU Vindenergi, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet 29. maj 2015
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Scanning of the flow above a steep 12-m high escarpment at
the small isolated Bolund peninsula in the Roskilde fjord
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Lidar Sigma-w turbulence 6 May 2010 – 7:00 to 18:00
• Boundary-layer height 1000 – 1200 m.
• Entrainment zone 1300 m – 1400 m
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2015: SpinnerLidar @ NREL CART3
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WindScanner (SpinnerLidar)
UpWind 2D scanning from the rotating spinner of 2.3 MW NM80.
400 wind speed measurement points are retrieved from the scanned wake every (other) second
Tak for opmærksomheden
DTU Vindenergi