a nordic example “the development of wind power in denmark” presented by jørgen k. lemming...

A Nordic Example

“The Development of Wind Power in Denmark”

Presented by

Jørgen K. LemmingRisø DTU

04/12/2008Riga December 20082 Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark

Content of presentation

•Status for Wind power development in Denmark•Present policy for wind•Early Technology development (from small to large

turbines)•Resources and Mesurement og Wind•Test and certification (safety and quality)• Integration (Grid Access, Wind power and other RE

resources)• Industry (turnover for industry, exports)•Offshore development (large scale)


Status of development


Development of Wind Power in DenmarkNumber of Turbines, Capacity and Production

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

19

80

19

85

19

90

19

95

20

00

20

05

Years

Nu

mb

er,

MW

an

d G

Wh

Turbines

CapacityMW

ProductionGWh


Renewable energy policy

Long term goal•The share of renewable energy must be increased to at least 30% of energy consumption by 2025. (EU goal 20% 2020).

Policy Agreement 2008•The majority of the parties in the Parliament agree that renewable energy should cover 20% of Danish gross energy consumption in 2011. This corresponds to 22.4% renewable energy relative to final energy consumption.


2008 Energy policy: Better terms for wind turbines

•A renewable energy law to create greater transparency with respect to the legislative framework for the use of renewable energy.

•Better subsidy terms for new onshore wind turbines.•Follow-up of re-powering regulations.•Wind planning in the municipalities, including a green fund for

restoring nature.•10 million DKK guaranteed financing to local wind project

preliminary studies, etc.•Possibility of economic compensation to neighbours for loss

of property value due to new wind turbines.•Possibility of local joint ownership.•New offshore wind parks in 2012; tender for 2 times 200 MW

late 2008.•Action plan for developing offshore wind turbines. •Survey of conditions for small wind turbines.


Danish Subsidy terms for new wind turbines on land

• A replacement of the previous price premium of 0.10 DKK/kWh over the market price with a premium of 0.25 DKK/kWh for 22,000 peak load hours. A wind turbine at an average inland location typically takes about nine years to produce the equivalent of 22,000 peak load hours, whereas one at a good coastal location will take about seven years.

• A continued premium of 0.023 DKK/kWh for compensation for balancing costs, etc. as at present.

• An additional 0.004 DKK/kWh to cover wind turbine owners' contribution to a green fund.

• Scrapping regulations• New turbines will receive the new price premium plus an extra

supplement of 0.08 DKK/kWh for the first 12,000 peak load hours. The new extra premium replaces the current premium of 0.12 DKK/kWh which was adjusted to 0 DKK/kWh in pace with the market price increase from 0.26 to 0.38 DKK/kWh.


Support scheme for offshore wind turbines

Large scale project

•Tender – Cheapest, fastest and most beautiful

•Fixed price in 50.000 full load hours = 10-15 years of production

•Lowest bid for Horns Rev 2 = app. € cent 7 per kWh

•Lowest bid Rødsand II (after re-tendering) app. € cent

8 per kWh

Other projects

•Premium financed as PSO added on top of market price


New Deployment of Wind Power in DK

• Existing and approved off-shore capacity (1225 MW) = 12% of total electricity consumption in 2012.

• Potentials = 50% of electricity consumption.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

MW

New Wind Power up to 2012

Under construction

Horns Rev II 200 MW 2009

Approved

Rødsand II 200 MW 2011

Re-powering

350 MW

Decided offshore Wind Power

Anholt 400 MW 2012

New Onshore 2011 – 75 MW

New Onshore 2010 – 75 MW

Total new installation of Wind Power up 10 2012: 1300 MW


EARLY DANISH TECHNOLGY DEVELOPMENT


Askov Test center (Poul La Cour 1897)

•Testing of Wind Elcetricity producing Turbines

•Aerodynamics and wind tunnel for experiments

•Consulting and teaching in Electrification of the Country


The Gedser wind turbine operated 1958-68 - the ancestor of

The Danish Wind Turbine Concept

3-bladed

up-wind

automatic controls

active yaw

asynchronous generators

1976-1982 - 1. Generation (15-55kW)

Udvikling 1958-82


Risager 30 kW 1978

Development of the modern Wind Turbine

Gedser 200 kW 1959

Tjæreborg

2MW 1985Vestas 3 MW

55 kW

660 kW

2 MW Tvind


Size of Wind Turbines

Hub

height

150 m

100 m

15-20 m


85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 04 10 15

126 m Ø

12 m Ø

80 m Ø

65 m Ø

?• Size of commercial wind turbines at first market introduction


Made by Henrik Stiesdal, Siemens


RESOURCES AND MEASUREMENT OF WIND


Wind Resource Map for Denmark

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2 4 6 8 10

Wind speed (m/s)

Po

we

r (

AR

B. U

NIT

)


Short-Term Prediction

Numerical Weather Prediction Prediction model

Online data

•Orography

•Roughness

•Wind farm layout

End user

Prediction of wind

farm output

12-36 hours ahead


The Høvsøre Test Station and the experimental setup

Research on different types of lidars


TESTING AND CERTIFICATION


Testing of turbines and Components

Old Risø test site


Test site at Høvsøre


Blade Testing


History in brief:

•System Approval from 1980 -1991•Type Approval scheme from 1991

• Type approval of wind turbines• Quality assurance• Danish Standard DS 472 on Loads and Safety of

Wind Turbine Constructions•New Approval Scheme based on IEC WT 01 and

international standards (61400-xx) ultimo 2004•New Regulators rules for grid connection July 2004•New rules for small Wind turbines < 5 m2 2007•New rules for Maintenance of turbines

The Danish Technical Certification Scheme for Design, Manufacture and installation of Wind Turbines


IEC Standards and Technical Specifications and Reports

• IEC 61400-1, ed.3, Safety Requirements• IEC 61400-2, ed. 2, Safety Req of Small WT (< 200m2

rotor)• IEC 61400-3 Safety of Offshore WT• IEC 61400-11 Noise Measurements• IEC 61400-12 Power Curve Measurem. • IEC/TS 61400-13 Strength Measurements• IEC 61400-21 Power Quality• IEC/TS 61400-23 Blade Testing• IEC/TR 61400-24 Lightning Protection

• IEC WT 01 Certification of WT


New Maintenance and Service Scheme

•After July 1 2008 all turbines in Denmark have to be service by a certified or approved service company according to the specification set by the manufacture. Except very small.

•Owners must report to the Energinet.dk each time a regular service has been carried out and the time for the next.

•Spot checks will be carried out.


INTEGRATION


Production record

January 2005 – 1076 GWH ~ 32% of total demand.

41 % in western Denmark

(old Eltra area)


SYSLAB – Distributed Energy System Laboratory

• Distributed control

– Embedded intelligence

– Self-organizing

• Communication

• Flexibility

– FlexHouse

– Demand response

– Vanadium battery

– Hybrid/Electric car

High wind energy penetration


DANISH INDUSTRY


Industry activities

•With two large manufactures in Denmark the Danish manufactures still had a large share the world market in 2007 (nearly 30 %).

•The largest manufacture was Vestas selling 4,503 MW in 2007 (22,8 % of the world market)

•Siemens/Bonus sold 1,397 MW in 2007 (7.1 % of the world market).

•The turnover in the wind industry in 2007 was more than 65 billion DDK.

•Nearly all of the production of turbines is exported for a net value of 35 billion DDK.

•Employing in Denmark more than 23,500 people.


Top-10 Suppliers in 2007% of the total market 19,791 MW

GE WIND (US) 16.6%

GAMESA (ES) 15.4% ENERCON (GE) 14.0%

SUZLON (Ind) 10.5%

SIEMENS (DK) 7.1%

Others 10.5% SINOVEL (PRC) 3.4%

NORDEX (GE) 3.4%VESTAS (DK) 22.8%

GOLDWIND (PRC) 4.2%

ACCIONA (ES) 4.4%

Source: BTM Consult ApS - March 2008


OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT I DENMARK


Offshore development in Denmark

22

11

1. Vindeby 5 MW (1991)

2. Tunø Knob 5 MW (1995)

3. Middelgrunden 40 MW (2001)

4. Horns Rev I 160 MW (2002)

5. Samsoe 23 MW (2003)

6. Roenland 17 MW (2003)

7. Frederikshavn 10.6 MW (2003)

8. Nysted-Roedsand 165 (2003)

9. Grenå 6 MW (?)

10. Horns Rev II, 200 MW (2010)

11. Roedsand II, 200 MW (2011)

88

99

44

66

33

55

77

10

11


Danish Pilot projects

Vindeby1991: 11 x 450kW, 2-3 km off-shore

Tunø Knob1995: 10 x 500kW, 5 -6 km off-shore

Middelgrunden

2001: 20 x 2 MW,

1,5-2,5 km off-shore


Distance to land (Horns Rev 14-20 km, Nysted 8-10 Km)

80 wind turbines

Internal 36 kV cabling

150 kV cabling to major grid on land

Nysted

Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms


Horns Rev 160MW


Horns Rev- 80 møller 160 MW

Photos: ELSAM A/S


Development of new foundation types

A bucket-foundation

A Gravaty

Foundation

A Monopile


Plans for future offshore wind farms• Report on future Offshore

sites • Update of action plan

from 1997• 23 Sites each 44 km2 for

a capacity of 4600 MW Wind Power

• Production 18 TWh, or just over 8% of total energy consumption in Denmark or approximately 50% of Danish electricity consumption

• http://www.ens.dk/graphics/Publikationer/Havvindmoeller/Fremtidens_%20havvindm_UKsummery_aug07.pdf


Thank you for your attention

a nordic example “the development of wind power in denmark” presented by jørgen k. lemming...

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lemmingris dtu

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