Bell RingerBell Ringer

List as many reasons for European Exploration List as many reasons for European Exploration that you can remember on the back of your that you can remember on the back of your PowerPoint packetPowerPoint packet

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War

Another Step in the Duel for Another Step in the Duel for North AmericaNorth America

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

1.1. What were the causes of the French and What were the causes of the French and Indian War?Indian War?

2.2. What were the results of the French and What were the results of the French and Indian War?Indian War?

3.3. Why is the French and Indian War Why is the French and Indian War considered the “turning point” considered the “turning point” in American in American colonial relations with Britain?colonial relations with Britain?

Big Idea:Big Idea:

England and France Compete for World Power

Spain declines England and France Battle for Control

Over:

England and France Compete in North America

Why?

Comparing England vs. FranceComparing England vs. France

THE ENGLISH THE ENGLISH COLONIESCOLONIES

1. 1. PopulationPopulation

THE FRENCH THE FRENCH COLONIESCOLONIES

1. 1. PopulationPopulation

80,000 people. 80,000 people. Widely Widely scattered scattered over area 2X as big as over area 2X as big as 13 colonies13 colonies

Comparing England vs. FranceComparing England vs. France

THE ENGLISH THE ENGLISH COLONIESCOLONIES

2. 2. Self-sufficientSelf-sufficient

THE FRENCH THE FRENCH COLONIESCOLONIES

2. 2. Rely on othersRely on others Almost entirely dependent on Almost entirely dependent on

fur-tradefur-trade Did not encourage permanent Did not encourage permanent

settlementsettlement Depended on imports from Depended on imports from

Europe to survive Europe to survive

Comparing England vs. FranceComparing England vs. France

THE ENGLISH THE ENGLISH COLONIESCOLONIES

3. 3. GovernmentGovernment

THE FRENCH THE FRENCH COLONIESCOLONIES

3. 3. GovernmentGovernment highly centralizedhighly centralized King had total King had total

controlcontrol Made planning easy Made planning easy

Comparing England vs. FranceComparing England vs. France

THE ENGLISH THE ENGLISH COLONIESCOLONIES

4. 4. Relations with NativesRelations with Natives

THE FRENCH THE FRENCH COLONIESCOLONIES

4. 4. Relations with NativesRelations with Natives FriendlyFriendly Traders and missionaries Traders and missionaries

treated Natives welltreated Natives well Most tribes supported the Most tribes supported the

French against the English French against the English

CheckpointCheckpoint

1.1. What countries fought in the French and What countries fought in the French and Indian War?Indian War?

2.2. Why were these countries competing? Why were these countries competing?

3.3. What two items in particular were these What two items in particular were these countries fighting over?countries fighting over?

4.4. Give one advantage and one disadvantage Give one advantage and one disadvantage that each country fighting had in North that each country fighting had in North AmericaAmerica

Checkpoint AnswersCheckpoint Answers

Background: The War of Jenkins Ear Background: The War of Jenkins Ear and King George’s Warand King George’s War

English versus the English versus the French and SpanishFrench and Spanish

New Englanders under New Englanders under Mass. governor William Mass. governor William Shirely invaded New Shirely invaded New France and captured France and captured Louisbourg- an Louisbourg- an important seaway fortimportant seaway fort

Louisburg was given Louisburg was given back to France in the back to France in the 1748 Treaty1748 Treaty

King George II of England

The Iroquois: Pawns in the Game of The Iroquois: Pawns in the Game of EmpireEmpire

They held the strategic They held the strategic position between New position between New France and the British France and the British coloniescolonies

British arrogant toward British arrogant toward nativesnatives

The War Begins: Fort DuquesneThe War Begins: Fort Duquesne

Fort Duquesne built to stop Fort Duquesne built to stop British expansion into the British expansion into the Ohio River ValleyOhio River Valley

George Washington sent to George Washington sent to evict the Frenchevict the French

Washington attacked an Washington attacked an advance patrol, winsadvance patrol, wins

Model of Fort Duquesne

Albany Plan of Union 1754Albany Plan of Union 1754

CheckpointCheckpoint

1.1. Why were the Iroquois an important group Why were the Iroquois an important group during the French and Indian War?during the French and Indian War?

2.2. What was the Albany Plan of Union? (hint: What was the Albany Plan of Union? (hint: think of the snake…)think of the snake…)

3.3. Who drew that cartoon and what is its Who drew that cartoon and what is its significance? significance?

Checkpoint AnswersCheckpoint Answers

General BraddockGeneral Braddock

With 2200 men, With 2200 men, Braddock set out Braddock set out to avenge to avenge Washington’s Washington’s defeatdefeat

General Braddock

Braddock DefeatedBraddock Defeated

1000 casualties1000 casualties Washington Washington

directed the retreatdirected the retreat Revived his Revived his

military careermilitary career

Engraving of the defeat of Braddock

Washington leading the retreat

Impact of Braddock’s defeatImpact of Braddock’s defeat

French eventually “write off” CanadaFrench eventually “write off” Canada French eventually destroy Ft. Duquesne French eventually destroy Ft. Duquesne

and fleeand flee

Washington raising the flag at Fort Pitt

Prime Minister William PittPrime Minister William Pitt

Credited with victory Credited with victory because he changed because he changed generals and strategygenerals and strategy

““Organizer of victory”Organizer of victory” Focus on capturing Focus on capturing

strongholds: Quebec, strongholds: Quebec, Montreal, Louisburg, not Montreal, Louisburg, not all of New Franceall of New France

1758 General Amherst 1758 General Amherst captured Louisburgcaptured Louisburg

William Pitt

Battle for Quebec 1759Battle for Quebec 1759

First conventional First conventional battle in the New battle in the New WorldWorld

Both generals dieBoth generals die

(Wolfe and (Wolfe and Montcalm)Montcalm)

Quebec falls to the Quebec falls to the BritishBritish

British Landing at QuebecBritish Landing at Quebec

The Death of General Wolfe: painting

The End of the WarThe End of the War

In a three pronged attack, the British In a three pronged attack, the British attack and defeat Montreal 1760attack and defeat Montreal 1760

1762: Spain joins the war, hoping to limit 1762: Spain joins the war, hoping to limit the gains of the Britishthe gains of the British

Spain also defeatedSpain also defeated

The End of the WarThe End of the War

Treaty of Paris -1763Treaty of Paris -1763

1.1.

2.2.

Indian RebellionsIndian Rebellions

Cherokee on the Cherokee on the N.Carolina frontierN.Carolina frontier

Great Lakes and Ohio Great Lakes and Ohio Valley forts were Valley forts were captured by Indians captured by Indians (except Detroit, (except Detroit, Niagara, and Pitt)Niagara, and Pitt)

Results of the French and Indian WarResults of the French and Indian War

Britain “trained the Britain “trained the

enemy”enemy”

1.1. The Colonists that will The Colonists that will eventually fight the eventually fight the BritishBritish

2.2. Colonists unimpressed Colonists unimpressed with British Armywith British Army

Results of the French and Indian WarResults of the French and Indian War

Essential Questions ReviewEssential Questions Review

1.1. What were the causes of the French and What were the causes of the French and Indian War?Indian War?

2.2. What were the results of the French and What were the results of the French and Indian War?Indian War?

3.3. Why is the French and Indian War Why is the French and Indian War considered the “turning point” considered the “turning point” in American in American colonial relations with Britain?colonial relations with Britain?

Essential Questions AnswersEssential Questions Answers

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.