FIRST AID AWARENESS

Prepared by: Victor James Dano, EMT-B, NCII-EMS, FF

Definition of FIRST – AID• Is an immediate care rendered to

help an acutely ill and / or injured person before the arrival of the Doctor or arrival to the medical facility.

• Serves as a bridge between the victim and the doctor / or medical facility for survival

Goals of FIRST – AID Keep the victim alive

Prevent the victim’s condition from getting worse

Help promote recovery from the injury or illness

Ensure the victim receives medical care

CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

Suggested BASIC FIRST – AID kit contents

1. 1 Bottle Rubbing Alcohol

2. 1 Bottle Beta dine (Providone, Iodine)

3. Cottons Balls

4. 20 Gauze Pads

5. 3 Tongue Depressor

6. 1 Pen Light

7. 10 Band Aid

8. 5 Medical Latex Gloves

9. 1 Pair Scissors

10. 3 Bandage (Roll)

11. 5 Elastic Roller Bandage

12. 2 Plastic Micropore Tapes

13. 4 Triangular Bandage

Take Action in an Emergency

Six ( 6 ) Basic Steps In Any Emergency:

1. Recognize the emergency and Check the scene.

2. Decide to help.

3. Check the Victim.

4. Call Emergency Hotlines or Calling E.M.S.

- Ex. Emergency 117

5. Give First Aid.

6. Seek Medical Attention.

Recognize the emergency.

You must know there is an emergency when you see one.

You see an injured or ill victim, or someone.

You may not see a victim first but see signs that an emergency has occurred and that someone may be hurt.

and Check the scene.

Always check the scene when you recognize an emergency has occurred – before rushing in to help a victim.

You must be safe yourself if you are to help another.

Look for any Hazards such as the following:

Smoke, flames

Spilled chemicals, fumes

Downed electrical wires

Risk of explosion, building collapse

Roadside dangers, high-speed traffic

Potential personal violence

Also as part of Checking The Scene, we must:

Look to see if there are other victims. More help may be needed for multiple victims.

Look for any clues that may help you determine what happened and what first aid may be needed.

Look for bystanders who may be able to help give first aid or go to a telephone to call E.M.S. or any Emergency Hotlines (Emergency 117)

If the scene is dangerous,

STAY AWAY and CALL FOR HELP.

Do not become a victim yourself!

ALERT!!! BEFORE YOU HELP SOMEONE…

Check Victim for:

• Bleeding (Lacerations, Bruises, Contusion, Punctures)

• Fractures, Deformities)• Responsiveness - Conscious or Unconscious

IF YOU DECIDED TO HELP

Physical Exam

Check head to toe for D-O-T-S DeformityOpen

woundsTendernessSwelling

PLEASE BE REMINDED! DON’T LET ANYONE MOVE THE VICTIM FROM

THE POSITION YOU’VE SEEN HIM/HER, LET THE VICTIM STAY IN POSITION or STABILIZE THE VICTIM. SPECIALLY FOR VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS, AND FALL.

ACTIVE E.M.S. ?

Be ready to give the following information:

• Your name and the phone number you are using.

• The location and number of victims --- specific enough for the arriving crew to find them.

• What happened to the victims and any special circumstances or conditions that may require special rescue or medical equipment.

• The victim’s condition: for example, Is the victim responsive? Breathing? Bleeding?

• The victim’s approximate age and sex.

• What is being done for the victim(s)

CHECK FOR INJURY or BLEEDING

If Fracture is present, STABILIZE fractured part using improvised splints and Triangular bandage.

If Bleeding is present, control it first by putting pressure on the wound and elevating the part or put pressure on pressure point near the wounded area.

Wound Care

Bandaging A bandage is a piece of material used either

to support a medical device such as a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to the body;

Bandages are available in a wide range of types, from generic cloth strips, to specialized shaped bandages designed for a specific limb or part of the body, although bandages can often be improvised as the situation demands, using clothing, blankets or other material.

Triangular BandageParts:

1. Point / Tip / Apex

2. Side/s

3. Base

4. End Tips

Bandaging

Use proper Body Substance Isolation (BSI) / gloves.

Treament Priority ABC – Control Bleeding.

Apply dry, sterile dressing over entire wound.

Maintain pressure and secure dressing with a roller bandage.

Emergency Care / First Aid Bleeding Wounds

Pressure Points in Bleeding

Important Arteries in controlling bleeding:

1. Temporal2. Facial3. Carotid4. Subsclavian5. Brachial6. Radial7. Ulnar8. Femoral9. Popletial10.Dorsalis Pedis

Bandaging of Impaled Objects

DO NOT REMOVE OR PULL THE IMPALED OBJECT!!!

Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

Bandaging of Impaled ObjectsDO NOT REMOVE OR PULL THE IMPALED OBJECT!!!

Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

Make a DOUGHNUT ROLL and place the object inside the circle and immobilize the object.

Stabilized the object by Bandaging Tape, if available you can place a

cover over the object to prevent from moving.

DIRECT PRESSURE

ELEVATE

PRESSURE POINT

Emergency Care / First AidTHINGS TO REMEMBER: BLEEDING

Disease Tranmission (1 of 2)

Rescuers should understand the risk.

Precautions can help protect against

bloodborne and airborne diseases.

Bloodborne: Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS

Airborne: Tuberculosis

Disease Tranmission (2 of 2)

ProtectionHepatits B vaccineUniversal precautions and Body

Substance Isolation (BSI)○ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

- Medical exam gloves- Protective eyewear- Mask- Mouth to Barrier devices

Fractures

 A break in bone or cartilage. Although

usually a result of trauma.

Open Fracture – Blood is present, a bone

raptures the flesh.

Close Fracture – Skin is intact, deformity is

present on the fractured area.

Splint – a hard, rigid, flat material that can be use to place under or over the fractured area.

E.g. Flat wood, Bamboo, Cardboard, Plastic.

Splinting of Fractures

Splinting Fractured Foreman, Wrist and Hand

Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

Splinting Fractured Leg

Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

Sprained Ankle

Remember

R.I.C.E.RestIceCompressElevate

Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting

CPR - Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

Heart Attack & Cardiac Arrest

A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies.

Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating. Cardiac arrest in adults is usually sudden, and the

primary cause is cardiac related. Therefore circulation produced by chest compressions is crucial

Cardiac arrest in children is mostly asphyxial which requires both compressions and ventilations.

Rescue breathing may be more important for children than adults in cardiac arrest.

Performing CPR Check for responsiveness

And/or No normal breathing

Check for Responsiveness

Tap the victim’s shoulder and ask if he or she is all right. Listen for normal breath sounds.

Check circulation. If the victim is not responsive or with no normal breath sounds have a bystander call 1-1-7.

Chest Compressions (1 of 2)

Two hands for adults One or two hands for children Two fingers for an infant Compression depth

Adult: 2 inchesChild : 1/3 depth of the chest/ 2 inchesInfant: 1/3 depth of the chest/ 1.5 inchesAllow chest recoil

Chest Compressions (2 of 2)

Adult and child: center of chest between

nipples

Infants: just below nipple line

5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2

breaths

Check Airway and Breathing after 2mins.

Rescue Breaths

Give two normal breaths.

Methods

Mouth-to-barrier

Mouth-to-nose

Mouth-to-stoma

(Compression Only) CPR

Give (Compression only) CPR at a rate of at least

100/min., if untrained and not proficient in providing

CPR.

“Push Hard and Push Fast”

Not recommended for Asphyxial arrest

Asphyxial – insufficient oxygen intake

Continue CPR and When to Stop:

Victim Show signs of life

EMS takes over or arrived at the scene

You are too tired to continue

Obvious signs of death

Decapitation, Rigor Mortis, Lividity

When Victim Shows Signs of Life Put the victim in recovery position.

Moving Victims Only move victim if there is immediate danger.

Fire

Hazardous materials

Impossible to protect from hazards

Impossible to access other victims who need

lifesaving care

Protect victim’s spine.

Drag in direction of the long axis of the body

Emergency Drags (1 of 2)

Clothes Drag

Blanket Drag

Emergency Drags (2 of 2)

Arm-to-Arm Drag

Arm Drag

One-Rescuer Drags, Carries, and Lifts (1 of 3)

Front cradle Fire fighter’s drag

One-Rescuer Drags, Carries, and Lifts (2 of 3)

walking assist Fire fighter’s carry

One-Rescuer Drags, Carries, and Lifts (3 of 3)

Pack strap

Emergency Moves Two-person or three-person moves

Two-person assistTwo-handed seat carryFour-handed seat carryExtremity carryChair carryHammock carry

Non-urgent Moves (1 of 2)

Direct ground lift

Non-urgent Moves (2 of 2)

Extremity lift

Triage

Classify into care and transportation priorities

Triage categories / Color CodingImmediate care - REDDelayed care - YELLOWWalking wounded - GREENDead - BLACK

END

Thank You!

Victor James Dano

EMT-B, EMS NCII, Firefighter

Basic First Aid Awareness

ERAP HOTLINE: (02) 911-ERAP (3727)

First Responder Unit: (02) 871-5811

(Fire and Medical Emergencies)

Patrol 117 Dial: 117

Basic First Aid Awareness