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243© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016J.E. Hill, Adam Smith’s Equality and the Pursuit of Happiness, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-58412-0

INDEX

A Adams, James Truslow , 7, 9, 76 Adams, John , 3, 10, 11, 19n66, 88,

99, 176n45, 196, 210n10 Adam Smith Problem , 27 Affordable Care Act , 124, 131–3, 135,

136, 144n70 Alesina, Alberto , 96, 116n152 Allen, Danielle , 14, 91, 94 American Dream , 7–9, 16, 18n38, 51,

58n106, 74, 76, 78, 80, 97, 140, 149, 150, 157, 163, 170, 171, 174, 176n45, 221–3

American Revolution , 36, 44 America’s founders , 2, 14, 31, 179,

180, 219 Anielski, Mark , 18n27, 220 apprenticeship , 35, 36, 44, 76, 154,

155 Arab Spring , 107, 148 Arnold, Thurman , 23, 53n8 Arrow, Kenneth J. , 30, 56n48 Australia , 9, 81, 123

B Baker, Raymond W. , 29, 33, 74, 107,

112n63, 119n212, 166, 168 bankruptcy , 22, 106, 150 banks , 40 Barber, Benjamin , 6, 19n212, 31, 52,

173 Bartels, Larry M. , 74, 84, 85, 95, 98,

103, 115n130, 153, 195, 206 Bellamy, Edward , 42 Bentham, Jeremy , 4 Bernasek, Anna , 55n37, 203, 214,

223 best practices , 13, 65–6, 67, 100, 131,

141, 157, 170, 219 Better Life Index , 220 . See also

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Bhutan , 8, 220 Bok, Derek , 4, 13, 14, 17n22, 30, 83,

94, 100, 128, 143n42, 150, 152, 173, 177n58, 188, 221, 225n37

244 INDEX

Bok, Sissela , 8, 17n6, 55n33, 116n145, 171, 172

Boswell, James , 14 Boucoyannis, Deborah , 32, 34,

56n55, 86, 103, 114n95, 197, 206, 210n16, 225n36

Bradley, Elizabeth , 89, 123, 124, 129, 136, 138, 151

Buffett, Warren , 98 Burke, Edmund , 216, 223n2 Bush, George H. W. , 185, 187, 195,

205, 206 businessmen , 11, 27, 35, 37, 39, 62,

66, 72, 76, 87, 92, 97, 108, 199, 202, 215, 217, 218, 222

butcher and baker , 29

C Canada , 9, 78, 81, 123, 132, 133,

136, 150 capitalism , 6, 9, 11, 15, 21–5, 31,

39–45, 47, 50–2, 54n25, 60n140, 63, 67, 71, 76, 77, 79, 82, 90, 93, 99, 104, 109, 131, 168, 169, 174, 181, 196, 197, 209, 215–19, 222, 223

casino capitalism , 219 . See also savage capitalism

CEO compensation , 84 Churchill, Winston , 22 Citizens United decision , 93, 218 Civil Rights Movement , 10, 180 class confl ict , 98–9 Clinton, Bill , 187, 195, 204, 205 Cobb, John, Jr. , 12, 19n57, 53n3, 81,

104, 113n67, 225n26 Colbert , 45 Cold War , 180, 183, 189 Coleman, James W. , 164 college , 4, 75, 80, 89, 94, 123, 151,

152, 154–7 . See also higher education

Collins, Chuck , 85, 92, 113n81, 198, 203, 210n22

common good , 2, 11, 19n57, 25, 53n3, 113n67, 184, 225n26

commonwealth , 47, 123, 126, 136, 142n19

community , 3, 11, 13, 19n57, 25, 28, 43, 49, 53n3, 74, 86, 91, 113n67, 119n212, 149, 150, 152, 164, 173, 215–7, 220, 222, 223, 224n7, 225n26

concentrated wealth , 74–7, 79, 80, 88, 109

Condorcet , 56n52, 74 Congressional Budget Offi ce , 49, 78,

112n46, 134, 135, 144n70 conservative , 11, 12, 48, 52, 79, 82,

90, 99, 101, 102, 129, 130, 174, 207, 215, 223n2, 224n7

Constitution (US) , 1, 16, 28, 74, 179, 181, 190, 218, 221

consumer , 4, 24, 36, 50, 76, 132, 202 contracts , 37, 38, 183, 198, 199 Cowen, Nick , 163, 172, 175n12 Cox, Harvey , 23, 53n10 creditors , 39, 40 crime , 14, 22, 34, 72, 154, 157,

161–77, 179, 193, 198, 216, 217, 221 . See also white-collar crime

D Dahl, Robert , 106 Daly, Herman , 12, 19n57, 53n3, 81,

104, 113n67, 225n26 Declaration of Independence , 1, 15,

94, 115n124, 148, 223 defense , 14, 23, 51, 115n124, 162,

173, 179–91, 204, 209, 222 defensive medicine , 139, 140, 145n90 DeGraaf, John , 107, 115n114,

118n179, 125, 142n21, 210n5

INDEX 245

democracy , 10, 19n66, 22, 31, 47, 51, 53n3, 54n29, 90–5, 111n40, 113n68, 115n130, 136, 144n69, 171, 177n63, 181, 194, 209, 211n44, 217–19, 223, 224n21

Democrats , 195 Denmark , 78, 101, 123, 150, 163,

181, 194, 222 DeWolf, L. Harold , 162–4, 169, 170,

173 Diener, Ed , 2, 16n3, 55n33, 80,

112n60, 127, 143n39, 181, 210n18

division of labor , 23, 29, 56n48, 71, 147

“do no harm” principle , 131, 132, 141, 174

Dougherty, Peter J. , 55n41, 148, 149, 182, 214, 224n7

E early childhood education , 150 Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) ,

104, 105 Easterlin paradox , 5, 18n26 Easterlin, Richard , 80, 128, 151 economic classes , 21, 23, 31, 42, 44,

77, 109, 121–3, 162, 200, 208, 223

economics , 9, 12, 13, 17n27, 23–8, 33, 34, 38, 44, 45, 53n10, 55n37, 55n42, 60n140, 64, 68n18, 69n22, 77, 98, 111n35, 111n42, 113n72, 116n144, 119n213, 131, 168, 175n21, 215, 225n34

education , 14, 24, 47, 63, 67, 72, 73, 88, 90, 94, 106, 118n180, 139, 141, 141n11, 147–60, 172, 184, 194, 196, 198, 210n25, 217, 220, 221

Edwards, Jonathan , 6

Ehrenreich, Barbara , 90, 96, 97, 119n214, 121

EITC . See Earned Income Tax Credit employment , 14, 35, 45, 74, 86,

99–101, 103–6, 151, 154, 183, 184, 190n13, 206, 208

Enlightenment , 28, 40, 56n52, 62, 63, 74, 77

Enron , 22, 82, 165 entrepreneurs , 39, 196 environment , 8, 19n57, 53n3, 150,

194, 198, 199, 220, 225n26 equality , 2, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19n66,

21–60, 63, 65, 67, 71, 75, 88, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 106–9, 110n12, 111n40, 119n213, 122–4, 150, 153, 170, 174, 200, 208, 213, 214, 216–18, 222, 223 . See also justice, liberty, and equality

Esping-Anderson, Gosta , 100, 169 ethics , 12, 25, 27, 40, 41, 64, 164,

215, 216, 218, 223 eudaimonia , 7 Europe , 44, 45, 50, 51, 79, 87, 131,

218 Evensky, Jerry , 27, 29, 73, 76, 110n6 evidence-based research , 65

F fairness , 31, 34, 39, 43, 65, 90, 99,

202, 204, 224n7 Finland , 78, 107, 150, 163, 172, 181,

194 Fitzgibbons, Athol , 40, 41, 59n135,

65, 110n6 fl exicurity , 101 fl ourishing , 7, 12, 72, 151 Ford Pinto , 72, 167 France , 45, 65, 66, 123, 136, 163,

170, 196, 204 Frank, Robert H. , 80

246 INDEX

Frank, Thomas , 23 fraud , 21, 48, 105, 166 freedom , 11, 22, 24, 25, 33, 35, 36,

38, 45, 54n25, 59n135, 76, 80, 86, 91, 92, 94, 95, 101, 104, 130, 137, 194, 203, 215 . See also liberty

free market , 22, 35, 38, 42, 46, 47, 58n100, 62, 102, 130, 132, 164, 173, 174, 196, 197, 212, 223

free trade , 22, 26, 36, 37, 46, 48, 51, 53n3, 86–9, 92, 201, 202, 204

Frey, Bruno S. , 6, 30, 83, 94, 222, 225n34

Friedman, Milton , 104

G Galbraith, John Kenneth , 4, 12, 23 Gates, William H., Sr. , 198, 210n22 general welfare , 1, 2, 10, 74, 221 Germany , 78, 81, 123, 125, 130, 136,

137, 140, 150, 163, 170 Giles, Chris , 78 globalization , 72, 87, 204 gold , 6, 86, 165, 197 good life , 6–9, 14, 16, 74, 99, 121,

140, 152, 154, 155, 180, 223 government , 1, 3, 14–16., 23, 25, 34,

35, 38, 39, 43, 44, 46–9, 50–2, 59n130, 61–4, 66, 67, 71, 72, 74, 76, 84, 90, 92, 94, 99–101, 103–5, 118n179, 118n189, 122, 126, 127, 129–34, 137, 138, 147–9, 153–5, 157, 161, 162, 164, 166, 167, 169, 173, 179, 181, 183, 187, 188, 190, 193–205, 207, 209, 216–23

Graham, Carol , 18n27, 22, 30, 99, 125, 128

Great Britain , 36, 85, 99, 134, 162 Great Depression , 50, 182

Great Recession , 22, 27, 43, 49, 50, 76, 80, 82, 87, 98, 104–6, 156, 165, 187, 197, 214

greed , 11, 27, 38, 40, 49 Greider, William , 106, 164, 166, 198 Griswold, Charles L., Jr. , 5, 15, 28, 73 Grossman, Dave , 171, 177n49 Gross National Happiness (GNH) , 8,

220, 225n34

H Halpern, David , 4, 17n22, 18n26, 30,

73, 83, 94, 111n42, 127, 128, 149, 151

Hanley, Ryan , 11, 15, 39, 46, 59n120, 62, 110n12, 162

happiness , 1–12, 14–16, 16n1, 17n6, 17n22, 18n27, 22, 23, 27, 28, 30, 31, 42, 47, 51, 52, 53n10, 55n33, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 72, 73, 79, 80, 83, 93–5, 99, 106, 107, 109, 110n9, 112n60, 116n145, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127–9, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142n37, 143n38, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 162, 163, 170, 171, 173–5, 179–82, 186–90, 193–5, 197, 202, 206, 208, 209, 213, 214, 216–23, 225n26 . See also pursuit of happiness

Haslett, D. W. , 54n25, 60n140, 129, 215

Hayek, Friedrich A. , 41, 48, 102–4, 118n179, 130, 200

HDI . See Human Development Index (HDI)

health , 4, 14, 72, 74, 80, 88–90, 95, 96, 101, 103, 105, 106, 109, 115n112, 116n144, 118n180, 121–45, 149, 151, 152, 155,

INDEX 247

165, 167, 169–71, 179, 184, 203, 209, 210n25, 217, 220, 221

hedonic treadmill , 5, 6, 171, 221 hedonism , 8 Heilbroner, Robert L. , 59n135, 64,

68n18, 74 higher education , 63, 149–52, 154–6 Hippocratic Oath , 43, 215 Hobbes, Thomas , 10 Hoffman, Beatrix , 130, 143n59 homelessness , 89–96 homicide , 163, 169 Human Development Index (HDI) , 220 Hume , 74

I impartial spectator , 25, 38, 223 individual , 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 16, 24–9,

33, 38, 41, 49, 62, 63, 68n18, 75, 85, 94, 102, 107, 129, 130, 135, 137, 150, 154, 163, 164, 174, 181, 188, 193, 199, 211n48, 216–18, 223

individualism , 2, 14, 27, 28, 30, 32, 38, 41, 164, 174

inequality , 10, 22, 44, 46, 50, 56n55, 57, 72, 73, 75, 78, 79, 81–3, 85, 87–97, 99–103, 106–9, 110n9, 111n40, 114n95, 114n103, 119n213, 122–7, 141, 149–52, 153, 155, 156, 158n16, 162, 163, 168, 169, 186, 187, 196, 202, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210n16, 211n39, 214, 215, 218, 221, 225n36

infant mortality , 89, 122, 124–6 Institute for Innovation in Social

Policy , 89, 115n112 International Labor Organization , 84 International Monetary Fund , 88,

114n105

invisible hand , 13, 23–6, 31–3, 41, 42, 46, 56n51, 56n52, 69n22, 85, 98, 218, 224n20

J Japan , 50, 81, 123, 124, 163, 170,

172 Jefferson, Thomas , 1, 3, 10, 11,

19n66, 148, 151, 196 justice , 1, 10–14, 16, 19n66, 21–63,

65–7, 71, 79, 87, 90, 93, 97, 99, 109, 116n154, 140, 155, 162, 166, 168–70, 172–4, 176n28, 177n63, 179, 188, 194, 198, 200, 204, 213, 216, 218, 219, 222, 223

justice, liberty, and equality , 21–60, 63, 67, 200, 218

K Kennedy, Gavin , 14, 26, 32, 49, 55,

66, 98, 122, 147, 204 Kenworthy, Lane , 101, 104, 105, 129,

153, 155, 156, 173, 194, 206–8 Keynesian fi nance , 22, 42, 182, 187 King, Martin Luther, Jr. , 10 Krugman, Paul , 25, 26, 50, 81, 84 Kuttner, Robert , 38, 83, 87, 131, 133,

139, 224n7, 225n23 Kyte, Richard , 6

L labor , 23, 29, 36, 56n48, 71, 76, 81,

84, 88, 96, 103, 109, 118n180, 125, 147, 165, 210n25

laissez-faire , 13, 14, 21–6, 27, 28, 31, 34, 38, 39, 43, 45–52, 53n12, 60n140, 61, 67, 76, 97, 168, 201, 213, 214, 216, 217, 219

248 INDEX

Langer, Ellen , 94, 127 law , 35–7, 44, 45, 48, 57n81, 61, 64,

80, 92, 93, 97, 109, 133, 134, 150, 162, 169, 173

Layard, Richard , 2, 5, 8, 17n6, 30, 151, 154, 171, 208

liberals , 52, 130, 193, 209, 215 liberty , 1, 2, 10, 13, 15, 16, 21–60,

63–5, 67, 74, 76, 80, 86, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 102, 103, 109, 110n6, 116n136, 137, 141, 148, 155, 174, 179–81, 188, 194, 200, 213, 216, 218, 219, 222, 223 . See also justice, liberty, and equality

love , 3, 6, 16, 28, 29, 38, 66, 155, 213, 216

luxury , 49, 86, 150, 197, 201, 202 Lyubomirsky, Sonja , 4, 6–8, 17n6,

143n38

M malpractice , 139–40, 144n86, 145n89 Mandeville, Bernard , 10, 40, 41,

57n87, 202 marginal propensity to consume , 87 market , 3, 13, 15, 21–31, 33–5, 37–9,

41–4, 46–52, 53n10, 56n55, 57n68, 58n100, 62, 65, 67, 75, 76, 79, 82–8, 90, 94, 95, 97–9, 101, 102, 104, 114n95, 116n154, 119n212, 130–2, 134, 137, 138, 140, 151, 152, 157, 164, 165, 167–9, 171, 173, 174, 181, 196–202, 207, 209, 210n16, 214–17, 219, 222, 223, 224n7, 225n36 . See also free market

Marxism , 109 materialism , 6, 17n22, 40, 80 MBA Oath , 43, 215

McCain, John , 195 McGuire, Joe , 87, 104, 114n103,

114n104, 118n195, 149, 158n16 McLean, Iain , 35, 216 Medema, Stephen , 40, 59n130, 198 media violence , 171–2, 177n52 Medicare , 105, 134, 135, 194 Members of Parliament , 22, 35 mercantilism , 22, 35, 51, 53n3, 92, 97 Messner, Steven F. , 163, 167, 169,

170, 174, 176n45 Midas , 5, 6, 80 middle class , 5, 42, 71, 72, 91, 92, 97,

105, 129, 132, 150, 153, 162, 196, 202, 204–7, 221

Milgate, Murray , 26, 29, 62, 68n4, 147

militias , 179 Mill, John Stuart , 6 minimum wage , 81, 89, 90, 103, 105,

162 money , 3, 4, 6, 18n27, 23, 36, 39, 40,

42, 45, 73, 75, 76, 80, 82, 87, 88, 91–4, 133, 154, 156, 157, 166, 168, 171, 182, 184, 185, 201, 215

monopoly , 35, 76, 154, 201, 202 morality , 39, 41, 42, 54n25, 60n140,

65, 67, 140, 164, 214, 215, 218, 219

Muller, Jerry Z. , 62, 66 Murray, Charles , 7, 11

N NAFTA , 86, 199 . See also free trade neomercantilism , 51 Netherlands , 9, 82, 123, 125, 136,

137, 186, 194, 208 Nettle, Daniel , 7, 8, 95, 116n144,

128 Newton, Sir Isaac , 63

INDEX 249

New Zealand , 9, 123 Nixon, Richard , 50, 82, 104, 169, 170 Norberg, Johan , 6, 95, 101, 107 Norway , 78, 123, 125, 150, 163 Novak, Michael , 41

O Obama, Barack , 205 “Obamacare” , 124, 126, 129 . See also

Affordable Care Act OECD . See Organization for

Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Offi ce of Management and Budget , 195

O’Neill, Tip , 52, 102 opulence , 23, 46, 71, 76 Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) , 125, 126, 142n27, 149, 163, 175n12, 220, 225n29 . See also Better Life Index

P Parliament , 22, 35, 37, 39, 92, 97,

217 philanthropy , 75, 76, 96 Phillips, Kevin , 50, 53n3, 82, 122,

186 Phillipson, Nicholas , 28, 55n33,

57n76, 62, 64, 86, 111n39 Physiocrats , 24, 45, 46, 90 Piketty, Thomas , 12, 20n76, 78, 84,

85, 87, 102, 108, 109, 153, 155–7, 204, 205

pin factory , 71 poor , 1, 6, 14, 18n38, 29, 33–6, 42,

49, 71–5, 77–80, 82, 88, 89, 91, 92, 95–7, 102, 104, 105, 107, 117n154, 121, 123–5, 128, 129,

131, 132, 138, 147, 150, 151, 153, 156, 157, 161, 166, 169, 196, 197, 200–2, 206, 207, 221 . See also economic classes

Pope Benedict XVI , 76, 77 poverty , 5, 33, 79, 89, 90, 96, 97,

100, 102–6, 109, 117n154, 118n189, 122, 149, 153, 156, 162, 170, 181, 221

Prindle, David , 21, 47, 48, 78, 90, 188

productivity , 23, 24, 63, 71, 83–5, 104, 121, 183, 197, 205

profi t , 67, 77, 86, 121, 131, 134, 173, 183, 185, 198, 202, 221

progressive taxes , 197–203, 206, 208 property , 24, 29, 35–8, 41, 64, 75,

149, 161, 194, 196, 198, 207, 215

psychological wealth , 8, 16n3, 55n33, 80

psychology , 8, 13, 112n60, 171 Public Choice , 41, 51, 100, 217 public works , 47–9, 67, 196 punitivity ratio , 172 pursuit of happiness , 1, 2, 10, 15, 16,

22, 47, 52, 138, 148, 155, 163, 179, 193, 213, 219, 223

Q Quesnay , 45, 90 Quiggen, John , 60n140, 86, 89, 98,

107, 116n144, 119n213, 156

R race , 31, 36, 97, 105, 151 Rangel, Charles , 195 Rasmussen, Dennis , 9, 19n62, 80, 94,

112n58, 181, 190n6 rationing , 133, 137

250 INDEX

Reagan, Ronald , 52, 85, 102, 205 regressive taxes , 200, 207, 208 Reinhart, Carmen M. , 49, 59n132,

113n69, 187 religion , 14, 23, 33, 47, 68n18, 98,

148, 189, 215 Republicans , 103, 187, 195 Ricard, Matthieu , 7, 17n6, 55n33, 95,

116n145, 127 Robertson, John , 62 Roberts, Russ , 6, 38, 56n61, 62, 215 Roepke, Wilhelm , 12, 41, 58n100, 79,

90, 91, 99–101, 207, 217 Rogoff, Kenneth S. , 49, 59n132,

113n69, 187 Roosevelt, Franklin D. , 108, 189 Roosevelt, Theodore , 75, 219 Rosoff, Stephen M. , 165, 166, 169 Rothschild, Emma , 32, 56n52, 74 Rousseau , 6

S Sachs, Jeffrey D. , 19n61, 23, 100, 198 Samuelson, Paul A. , 23, 25, 26 Samuels, Warren , 26, 33, 64, 69n22,

98, 218, 224n20 savage capitalism , 21–3, 25, 51, 82,

99, 109, 169, 218 . See also casino capitalism

Savings and Loan crisis , 22, 49 Schlozman, Kay , 91, 92, 151, 159n24 Schultz, Walter J. , 41, 215, 224n10 scientifi c study of society , 63–5 Scotland , 14, 62, 161 Scottish Enlightenment , 28, 40, 63, 77 self-interest , 2, 10, 11, 25, 28–30, 32,

38–40, 65, 86, 107, 131, 215 selfi shness , 11, 41 self-love , 28, 29, 38 Seligman, Martin , 7, 127, 142n38,

225n26

silver , 6, 48, 86, 89, 197 Skinner, Andrew , 9, 60n135, 62, 64,

66, 67, 155 slavery , 50, 194 Smith, Adam

Theory of Moral Sentiments , 6, 10, 11, 16n1, 27, 28, 31, 39, 56n61, 61, 65, 162, 164, 223, 223n2

Wealth of Nations , 11, 16, 17n22, 22–4, 26–9, 31–4, 35, 40, 46, 47, 52, 55n37, 56n51, 56n61, 58n107, 59n130, 59n135, 61–3, 65–7, 71, 73, 74, 109n3, 134, 147, 162, 164, 179, 183, 196, 200, 201, 216, 217, 223, 225n36

see also Adam Smith Problem sociability , 3, 14, 28–31, 55n33,

57n87, 65, 214 social capital , 30, 31, 55n41, 214 social mobility , 77–81, 149, 150 social relationships , 2, 6, 14 Social Security , 52, 101–2, 105, 207,

208 special interests , 39, 62, 66, 216, 217 standing army , 179, 180 Stewart, Dugald , 1, 9, 16n2, 60n135,

61, 62, 75 Stiglitz, Joseph , 3, 4, 77, 87, 106,

114n103, 134, 194, 197, 203, 215, 217, 219

Stoics , 14, 32 suicide , 79, 89, 181 Sunstein, Cass , 38, 97, 116n154,

220 Sutherland, Edwin , 164 Sutherland, Kathryn , 57n68, 159n43 Sweden , 78, 81, 104, 123, 124, 136,

150, 163, 169, 172, 194, 203 Switzerland , 9, 123, 124, 136, 222 sympathy , 28, 77

INDEX 251

T taxes , 14, 36, 48, 49, 73, 149, 184–8,

190, 193–212 Thatcher, Margaret , 50 Theory of Moral Sentiments , 6, 10, 11,

16n1, 27, 28, 31, 39, 56n61, 61, 65, 162, 164, 223 . See also Adam Smith

Towsey, Mark R. M. , 28, 55n36, 68n11

trickle-down , 85–6, 87, 202, 205 trust , 30, 39, 111n40, 214, 215, 218,

222, 223, 224n7 Tullock, Gordon , 41

U umpire of capitalism , 216–19 unemployment , 37, 81, 83, 89,

99–101, 105, 113n72, 169, 194 unintended consequences , 66 unions , 81–2, 87, 93, 101, 218 United Kingdom , 81 . See also Great

Britain universal insurance , 135, 137, 140 universities , 63, 80, 152, 155, 156 . See

also higher education Urban Institute , 80

V values , 2, 10, 11, 13, 30, 41, 42, 52,

74, 79, 80, 95, 107, 112n63, 119n213, 164, 213, 222, 223, 224n7

Van Parijs, Philippe , 86, 116n136 veterans , 36, 181, 182, 184, 186,

190n8 Veterans Administration , 181 Vietnam War , 184, 185, 188 virtue , 1, 3, 27, 38, 40, 41, 59n135,

75, 110n6, 148, 223

W wages , 36, 42, 44, 45, 72, 73, 80, 81,

83, 90, 96, 103, 104, 107, 108, 119n217, 121, 149, 154, 162, 173

Wallis, Jim , 95, 119n213 Wall Street , 43, 76, 92, 166, 168 Warsh, David , 148, 157 wealth , 4–6, 8, 9, 11–14, 16, 16n1,

17n22, 18n27, 22–4, 26–35, 39, 40, 42, 45–7, 50–2, 53n3, 54n25, 55n33, 55n37, 56n51, 56n61, 58n107, 59n130, 59n135, 60n140, 61–7, 71–119, 121, 122, 134, 141, 147, 157, 162, 164, 169, 174, 179, 183, 196, 198, 200, 201, 204, 206, 207, 213, 214, 216, 217, 219, 221, 223, 225n36

Wealth of Nations , 11, 16, 16n1, 22–4, 26–9, 31–47, 52, 55n37, 56n61, 58n107, 59n135, 61–3, 65–7, 71, 73, 74, 109n2, 134, 147, 162, 164, 179, 183, 196, 200, 201, 214, 216, 217, 223, 225n36 . See also Smith, Adam

wealthy , 5, 25, 27, 31, 33, 35, 44, 46, 50, 72–7, 79–81, 85, 86, 90–3, 95, 97–100, 102, 105, 106, 108, 110n6, 111n39, 115n130, 123, 124, 127, 129, 151, 156, 157, 196, 198, 200–2, 204–7, 218, 219, 221, 223 . See also economic classes

welfare , 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 16, 74, 96, 100, 101, 103–7, 116n152, 129, 138, 153, 169, 170, 220, 221, 225n26 . See also general welfare

well-being , 1, 4, 5, 7–9, 11, 30, 52, 67, 73, 74, 83, 88, 90, 94, 95, 107, 112n60, 127, 128, 147,

252 INDEX

151, 152, 169, 171, 181, 182, 187, 188, 194, 220–2, 225n26

Werhane, Patricia , 39, 40, 65 white-collar crime , 22, 34, 163–8,

169, 174, 176n28, 216 WHO . See World Health Organization

(WHO) Wilkinson, Richard , 77, 81, 84, 88,

89, 111n40, 122–4, 150, 162, 163, 169, 172, 186, 187

Wills, Gary , 9 Woller, Gary M. , 29, 30, 55n42, 164 women’s rights , viii

worker-owned enterprise , 106 workers , 14, 35–7, 42–4, 48, 71–3,

81, 83–8, 90, 96, 97, 100–3, 107, 108, 118n179, 121, 125, 130, 162, 165, 167, 199, 204, 214

World Economic Forum , 81, 112n63 World Happiness Report 2015 , 9,

19n61 World Health Organization (WHO) ,

123 World War II , 5, 22, 42, 51, 85, 108,

118n179, 124, 182, 189, 222