jefferson, madison, monroe and adams
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 10Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and Adams
King George III
Thomas Paine
Crossing the Delaware
Ratifying US Constitution
Friends or foes?
Thomas Jefferson
Declaration of Independence
“we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal . . .”
President George Washington
President John Adams
Election of 1800
THOMAS JEFFERSON AARON BURR
Alexander Hamilton
Monticello
Interior Monticello
Jefferson children
Barbary Wars “Tributes” : fees
paid to leaders of the Barbary coast
Tripoli
US Philadelphia taken
This is the first declaration of war against the US by a foreign power.
“Heroes”
William Eaton recruited mercenaries and marched 500 miles to attack Tripoli and rescue US sailors
Stephen Decatur sailed into Tripoli harbor and set the Philadelphia on fire
Jefferson Legacies
Believed the independent farmer was the foundation of the nation
Succeeded in reducing the size of the military and in reducing taxes
Reduced the national debt Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Expedition
Jefferson in old age
President James Madison
First Lady Dolley Madison
Northwest Territories
Tecumseh “No tribe has the
right to sell [these lands], even to each other, much less to strangers . . . Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Didn’t the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children?”
William Henry Harrison Indiana’s territorial
governor, assembled the leaders of the Potawatomi, Miami, and Delaware tribes
negotiated the Treaty of Fort Wayne, falsely saying it would be the last land the US would seek;
He purchased 3,000,000 acres at about 2 cents per acre.
Battle of Tippecanoe
Harrison’s forces were victorious and burned Prophetstown;
the battle brought together several tribes to oppose white settlement in the Indiana territory
Victory?
frontier violence actually increased after the battle.
War of 1812—causes
Indian conflicts in the Northwest Territory
Attacks on American ships by France and England
The Embargo Act—confusion over trade
The War Hawks—Henry Clay from Kentucky and John C. Calhoun from South Carolina
Clay (left) and Calhoun
The War
1813 January: British and Indian allies repel American troops at the Battle of Frenchtown (present-day Michigan). American survivors are killed the following day in the Raisin River Massacre (present-day Michigan).
1813 October: The warrior Tecumseh is killed at the Battle of the Thames (Canada).
1814 August 24, 24: The British burn Washington, DC in retaliation for the burning of York. President James Madison flees the Capital.
1814 September The Battle of Plattsburg on Lake Champlain is a major American victory, securing its northern border. The Battle of Baltimore takes place at Fort McHenry, where Francis Scott Key wrote The Star Spangled Banner.
Battles of War of 1812
General Andrew Jackson
Battle of Horseshoe Bend more than 550 Indians killed and several hundred more died trying to cross the river
End of the War of 1812
1814 December: The Treaty of Ghent. Americans and British diplomats agree to the terms of a treaty and return to the status quo from before the war.
1815 January Andrew Jackson defeats the British at the Battle of New Orleans.
Who Won the War of 1812? No one. The ones that benefited were the
young politicians called the War Hawks
Biggest losers were the Indians who lost leaders, land, and the British protectors
Hartford Convention
A gathering of anti-war Federalists in New England
They discussed strategies to weaken the political power of the South
Secession? Eliminate three-fifths clause?
The Convention resulted in the Federalist party losing any authority it had
Women’s Status During this Era Based on British Common Law Wives had no independent legal or
political personhood Legal doctrine of feme covert holds
that a wife’s civic life is subsumed by that of her husband
Legal rights
By 1820, all states but South Carolina recognized a limited right to divorce
Single, adult women could own and convey property, make contracts, initiate lawsuits, and pay taxes. They could not vote, serve on juries, or practice law.
Women in churches
Most Protestant denominations barred women from governance
Quakers and Baptists in New England made exceptions
Jemima Wilkinson
Small number of women preachers between 1790 and 1820, i.e. Jemima Wilkinson, a “Publick Universal Friend,” claimed to be genderless and dressed in men’s clothing
Women in Education
“female academies”
Examples: Troy Female Seminary in New York founded by Emma Willard in 1821 and Hartford Seminary in Connecticut founded by Catharine Beecher in 1822
President James Monroe
Formulated the Monroe Doctrine
Missouri Compromise
Why is the North concerned? Three-fifths law gave the south more
representation In 1820, the South owed seventeen of its
seats in the House of Representatives to its slave population
One Georgia representative said that the debate over Missouri started
“a fire which all the waters of the ocean could not extinguish. It can be extinguished only in blood.”
Missouri Compromise
Maintain a balance in the Senate between slaveholding and non-slaveholding states
Limit all future expansion of slavery to territory south of Missouri’s southern border
Maine joins the Union at the same time as Missouri
Election of 1824 First presidential election to have a popular
vote tally Andrew Jackson won the popular vote John Quincy Adams was second In the electoral college, Jackson won 99
votes to Adams’ 84. The election went to the House of
Representatives where Adams won by one vote
Jackson called the election the “corrupt bargain”
President John Quincy Adams