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High School

V44 - Applications in Graphic Communications

Curriculum Essentials Document

Boulder Valley School District Department of CTEC

March 2012

7/2/2012 BVSD Curriculum Essentials 2

Introduction

V44 – Applications in Graphic Communications

The Graphic Communications Program offers a curriculum leading to a career in design, printing and publishing. This one-semester course offers an entry-level foundation in the field of graphic communications for students having an interest in creativity, science, technology and management. Students completing this course earn a one-semester Career and Technical Education Certificate.

The field of graphic communication represents a large profession, one of the largest in the world. Graphic communication includes electronic and traditional printing, publishing, packaging, digital imaging, computer graphics, digital photography, printable electronics and related areas. The discipline links design and technology and includes media and mass communication involving the creation, production, management and distribution of advertising, marketing, books, magazines, newspapers, catalogs, packages and other media in printed and digital form.

Students completing this one-semester course acquire a basic foundation in graphic communication and are eligible to continue in the program to receive a one-year or two-year certificate. Completers are also ready to pursue further studies in post secondary institutions or begin entry-level work positions in local printing and publishing firms. Students continuing their studies through the Colorado Community College System earn college credits as well as their high school credits in this course. Students who go on to complete their college degree in Graphic Communication are in high demand by leading national and international corporations.


Applications in Graphic Communications Overview

Course Description This one-semester course presents basic information about the graphic arts industry and related fields. The emphasis in Quarter 1 (Introduction to Graphic Communications with Basic Safety and Layout Procedures) is on design fundamentals, copy preparation, safety, and the importance of producing a quality product. Quarter 2 (Intro to Offset Press and Digital Printer Operation) covers image assembly and plate making. Students are introduced to operation of the direct feed duplicator press, digital output of printing plates, and offset printing.

Topics at a Glance Introduction to graphic design and layout principles,

processes and techniques. Graphic design projects including posters, logos,

advertisements and brochures. Introduction to Adobe Creative Suite including

InDesign, Photoshop and Illustrator. Introduction to Typography & Layout Introduction to Paper management and cost

estimating. Introduction to Color theory and processes,

including 4-color process printing and spot color printing.

Safety procedures. Creative problem solving. Beginning Press Operations. Introduction to Bindery Equipment Operations. Investigate career opportunities and develop a

personal career plan.

Assessments

Projects Quizzes Portfolios Demonstrations

The Graphic Communications Program at Boulder CTEC operates in conjunction with the BVSD Printing and Copying Center. Students complete lab projects using the Printing and Copying Center equipment. Students also have the opportunity to gain experience working in a functioning printing facility.


Prepared Graduates

The preschool through twelfth-grade concepts and skills that all students who complete the Colorado education system must master to ensure their success in a postsecondary and workforce setting.

1. CTE Essential Skills: Academic Foundations ESSK.01: Achieve additional academic knowledge and skills required to pursue the full range of career and postsecondary education opportunities within a career cluster.

Prepared Graduate Competencies in the CTE Essential Skills standard:

Complete required training, education, and certification to prepare for employment in a particular career field

Demonstrate language arts, mathematics, and scientific knowledge and skills required to pursue the full range of post-secondary and career opportunities

2. CTE Essential Skills: Communications Standards ESSK.02: Use oral and written communication skills in creating, expressing, and interrupting information and ideas, including technical terminology and information


Select and employ appropriate reading and communication strategies to learn and use technical concepts and vocabulary in practice

Demonstrate use of concepts, strategies, and systems for obtaining and conveying ideas and information to enhance communication in the workplace

3. CTE Essential Skills: Problem Solving and Critical Thinking ESSK.03: Solve problems using critical thinking skills (analyze, synthesize, and evaluate) independently and in teams using creativity and innovation.



Employ critical thinking skills independently and in teams to solve problems and make decisions

Employ critical thinking and interpersonal skills to resolve conflicts with staff and/or customers

Conduct technical research to gather information necessary for decision-making

4. CTE Essential Skills: Safety, Health, and Environmental

ESSK.06: Understand the importance of health, safety, and environmental management systems in organizations and their importance to organizational performance and regulatory compliance


Implement personal and jobsite safety rules and regulations to maintain safe and helpful working conditions and environment

Complete work tasks in accordance with employee rights and responsibilities and employers obligations to maintain workplace safety and health

5. CTE Essential Skills: Leadership and Teamwork ESSK.07: Use leadership and teamwork skills in collaborating with others to accomplish organizational goals and objectives


Employ leadership skills to accomplish organizational skills and objectives


6. CTE Essential Skills: Employability and Career Development

ESSK.09: Know and understand the importance of employability skills; explore, plan, and effectively manage careers; know and understand the importance of entrepreneurship skills


Indentify and demonstrate positive work behaviors and personal qualities needed to be employable

Develop skills related to seeking and applying for employment to find and obtain a desired job


Colorado CTE ARTS AV and Communication Standards Printing/Publishing COPP.01 Analyze and explain the foundations in visual communication as related to current industry standards and trends.

COPP.01.01 Understand the principles and elements of art and design. COPP.01.01.a Explore line, shape, form, color, texture, balance, unity, variety, emphasis,

movement and proportion as related to visual communication. COPP.01.01.b Understand and analyze principles of color theory: color schemes,

relationships and symbolism. COPP.01.01.c Utilize layout and typography design principles. COPP.01.01.d Create multiple solutions to problems by applying principles and elements in

the production of visual designs. COPP.01.02 Use available tools and techniques.

COPP.01.02.a Identify industry related tools and equipment. COPP.01.02.b Utilize a variety of tools and techniques in traditional and experimental ways. COPP.01.02.c Employ digital literacy skills.

COPP.01.03 Apply historical and cultural context as related to visual communication COPP.01.03.a Investigate communication throughout historical and cultural contexts,

intents and meanings. COPP.01.03.b Evaluate and analyze historical styles in relationship to contemporary trends.

COPP.02 Understand and demonstrate technology and process related to printing and publishing.

COPP.02.01 Demonstrate the planning process. COPP.02.01.a Implement design cycle. COPP.02.01.b Apply tools and skills to plan workflow (i.e. time management, business cycle,

pricing.) COPP.02.01.c Investigate to gather information necessary for decision making. COPP.02.01.d Employ ongoing reflective strategies during the design process.

COPP.02.02 Apply project implementation. COPP.02.02.a Demonstrate competency in traditional and new art media to apply

appropriate technology for the expression of ideas. COPP.02.02.b Follow design cycle to create projects. COPP.02.02.c Assess the usage of elements and principles in the design. COPP.02.02.d Decide appropriate presentation materials.


COPP.02.02.e Prepare artwork for print production. COPP.02.02.f Utilize traditional, digital and emerging technologies to publish work.

COPP.02.03 Understand and apply finalization techniques. COPP.02.03.a Finalize printed materials for presentation (i.e. binding, finishing). COPP.02.03.b Archive artworks for portfolio.

COPP.03 Know and understand the scope of career opportunities and qualifications in the Printing/Publishing industry to build an understanding of career opportunities and options.

COPP.03.01 Investigate career opportunities. COPP.03.01.a Identify possible career options. COPP.03.01.b Compare and contrast current careers. COPP.03.01.c Identify the training and qualifications necessary for career pathways. COPP.03.01.d Evaluate future occupational outlooks. COPP.03.01.e Develop personal career plan.

COPP.03.02 Cultivate necessary workplace skills. COPP.03.02.a Identify and demonstrate positive work behaviors and personal qualities

necessary for the current workforce (i.e., Critical Thinking, Information Literacy, Collaboration, Self Direction, Invention.

Colorado CTE ARTS AV and Communication Standards Arts, A/V Technology and Communications Arts Core Cluster Standard and Outcome ARCO.01 Understand roles within teams, work units, departments, organizations, inter-organizational systems, and the larger global environment. Identify how key organizational systems affect organizational performance and the quality of products and services. ARCO.01.01 Analyze and summarize the history and evolution of the arts, audio-video technology, and communications field to understand the current place the field holds within society and the economy.

ARCO.01.01.a Summarize the history and impact of the arts and technologies on society. ARCO.01.01.b Evaluate the influences on the evolution of art, technology, media, and performance. ARCO.01.01.c Compare and contrast the different objectives for arts and communications held by the general public and the industry at large. ARCO.01.01.d Analyze current issues related to the arts, audio-video technologies, telecommunications, printing, and the media. ARCO.01.01.e Summarize characteristics of the fluid and diverse nature of organizational structures within the arts, audio-video technology, printing, and media industries.

ARCO.01.02 Analyze the arts, audio-visual technology and communication industry's economic base in order to demonstrate an understanding of the economic factors influencing the industry as a whole.

ARCO.01.02.a Analyze the industry’s economic base pertinent to the arts and related technologies. ARCO.01.02.b Analyze the industry’s business practices pertinent to the arts and related technologies. ARCO.01.02.c Evaluate the role of the arts in business, technology, and the community.

ARCO.01.03 Analyze and summarize evidence of interdependence between the technical and the artistic sides in order to demonstrate an understanding of the systems involved.

ARCO.01.03.a Summarize the features of the partnership technology and the arts have in developing presentations and productions.

ARCO.01.03.b Analyze how the roles of creators, performers, technicians, and others are similar and different from one another.

ARCO.01.03.c Research the impact of potential new technology advancements related to this cluster in the future.


ARCO.01.04 Analyze and summarize the formal and informal influences that the abstract and formal structures of business organizations have on this industry.

ARCO.01.04.a Examine the influence government, public opinion, and diverse local and cultural perspectives may have upon visual arts, media communications, or performance as a business.

ARCO.01.04.b Examine labor management processes and agreements generally used in the arts, audio-video technologies, printing, and media fields.

ARCO.02 Understand the importance of health, safety, and environmental management systems in organizations and their importance to organizational performance and regulatory compliance. ARCO.02.01 Maintain safe and healthful working conditions by completing work tasks in accordance with rights and applicable responsibilities in arts, audio-visual technology and communications work environments.

ARCO.02.01.a Assess workplace conditions with regard to safety and health. ARCO.02.01.b State the implications that various rules and laws designed to promote safety and

health may have on a work environment. ARCO.02.02 Assess and control methods to reduce sources of office and worksite accident hazards common in the arts, audio-visual technology and communications industry.

ARCO.02.02.a Demonstrate completion of a variety of methods to prevent and correct common hazards.

ARCO.02.02.b Demonstrate personal and group health and safety practices. ARCO.02.02.c Apply safety procedures in operating equipment commonly used in the arts, audio-

visual technology and communications industry. ARCO.02.03 Examine and summarize the responsibilities various entities have for promoting a safe and healthy work environment in the arts, audio-visual technology and communications industry.

ARCO.02.03.a Summarize the individual employee's responsibility for maintaining health and safety in contrast to a supervisor or others.

ARCO.02.03.b Illustrate situations that demonstrate compliance with OSHA safety regulations and practices related Colorado CTE ARTS AV and Communication Standards Page of to this cluster.

ARCO.02.03.c Apply MSDS and Hazardous Materials procedures related to handling and disposing of chemicals.

ARCO.02.03.d Apply Hazardous Materials practices in relation to fire and water hazards, electrical coding, and right-to-know laws regarding hazards. ARCO.03 Know and understand the importance of professional ethics and legal responsibilities. ARCO.03.01 Exhibit ethical conduct in writing, creating, printing, broadcasting, and performing to uphold high standards for behavior in the industry.

ARCO.03.01.a Analyze ethical principles of decision-making related to clients, customers, fellow workers, and ARCO.03.01.b Analyze ethical conduct that provides proper credit to those whose ideas and content have been used.

ARCO.03.01.c Analyze ethical standards that apply to the delivery of quality performance and products.

ARCO.03.01.d Identify ethics involved in the degree of influence media, arts, and performance have upon

ARCO.03.01.e Identify the proper use of proprietary information. ARCO.03.02 Analyze and apply laws affecting arts, technology and communication enterprises to maintain up-to-date compliance with key regulations influencing the industry.

ARCO.03.02.a Analyze the copyright laws in relation to seeking formal permission to use materials.


ARCO.03.02.b Analyze contracts for potential work in career pathways within this cluster. ARCO.03.02.c Analyze state, county, and city codes related to decisions affecting work in this

cluster. ARCO.03.02.d Analyze the First Amendment, FCC, the Freedom of Information Act, liable laws, and

other regulations for compliance issues relevant to this cluster. ARCO.03.02.e Analyze the liabilities associated with productions and performances, media, and

telecommunications installations.

ARCO.04 Know and understand the importance of employability skills. Explore, plan, and effectively manage careers. ARCO.04.01 Explain written organizational policies, rules and procedures common to careers in arts, AV, technology and communication fields.

ARCO.04.01.a Locate appropriate information on organizational policies in handbooks and manuals. ARCO.04.01.b Discuss how specific organizational policies and rules influence a specific work

situation. ARCO.04.02 Identify, examine and select career opportunities in one or more arts, AV, technology and communication related career pathways in order to explore career options.

ARCO.04.02.a Locate career opportunities that appeal to personal career goals. ARCO.04.02.b Match personal interests and aptitudes to selected careers. ARCO.04.02.c State how various pathways within the cluster work together to generate

productions, media, and other activities. ARCO.04.03 Examine and summarize the life style implications and physical demands required by work activities common in the arts, audio/visual, technology and communications.

ARCO.04.03.a Summarize the physical preparation needed to maintain the work activities of pathways in this career cluster.

ARCO.04.03.b Summarize life style choices required to maintain the work activities of the pathways in this career cluster.

Colorado CTE ARTS AV and Communication Standards Visual & Design Arts ARVD.01 Analyze and utilize the foundations in visual communication as related to current industry standards and trends. ARVD.01.01 Understand the principles and elements of art and design.

ARVD.01.01.a Understand and analyze line, shape, form, color, texture, balance, unity, variety, emphasis, movement and proportion as related to visual communication.

ARVD.01.01.b Understand and analyze principles of color theory: color schemes, relationships and symbolism.

ARVD.01.01.c Create multiple solutions to problems by applying principles and elements in the production of visual designs. ARVD.01.02 Use available tools and techniques.

ARVD.01.02.a Identify industry related tools and equipment. ARVD.01.02.b Utilize a variety of tools and techniques in traditional and experimental ways. ARVD.01.02.c Employ digital literacy skills.

ARVD.01.03 Apply historical and cultural context as related to visual communication. ARVD.01.03.a Investigate communication throughout historical and cultural contexts, intents and

meanings. ARVD.01.03.b Evaluate and analyze historical styles in relationship to contemporary trends.

ARVD.02 Understand and demonstrate technology and process related to visual communication. ARVD.02.01 Demonstrate the planning process.


ARVD.02.01.a Implement design cycle. ARVD.02.01.b Apply tools and skills to plan workflow (i.e. time management, business cycle,

pricing. ARVD.02.01.c Investigate to gather information necessary for decision making. ARVD.02.01.d Employ ongoing reflective strategies during the design process.

ARVD.02.02 Apply project implementation. ARVD.02.02.a Demonstrate competency in traditional and new art media and use current

equipment to apply appropriate technology for the expression of ideas. ARVD.02.02.b Follow design cycle to create projects. ARVD.02.02.c Decide appropriate presentation formats and materials.

ARVD.02.03 Understand and apply finalization techniques ARVD.02.03.a Finalize designs for output. ARVD.02.03.b Assess the usage of art elements and principles in the design. ARVD.02.03.c Present, publish and/or create portfolio.

ARVD.03 Know and understand the scope of career opportunities and qualifications in the Visual Arts Pathway to build an understanding of career opportunities and options. ARVD.03.01 Investigate career opportunities.

ARVD.03.01.a Identify possible career options. ARVD.03.01.b Compare and contrast current careers. ARVD.03.01.c Identify the training and qualifications necessary for career pathways. ARVD.03.01.d Evaluate future occupational outlooks. ARVD.03.01.e Develop personal career plan.

ARVD.03.02 Cultivate necessary workplace skills. ARVD.03.02.a Identify and demonstrate positive work behaviors and personal qualities necessary

for the current workforce (i.e., Critical Thinking, Information Literacy, Collaboration, Self Direction, Invention).


Course Offered At: Arapahoe Community College ACC Front Range Community College FRCC Pueblo Community College PCC Pikes Peak Community College PPCC Red Rocks Community College RRCC


V44 ACADEMIC VOCABULARY: apprenticeship A method of job training in which an employee in a union shop receives

classroom training and on-the-job experience as a means of becoming an experienced journeyman.

ascender The part of a letter that extends above the body height. balance The even distribution of images to create a pleasing effect. barrier guards Machine guards that can be hinged or moved. base line An imaginary line drawn along the bottom of body height letters. basic size The standard length and width, in inches, of a grade of paper. basis weight The weight, in pounds, of a ream of paper cut to its basic size. binding The process of joining together multiple pages of a printed product by

various means including sewing, stapling, spiral wire and adhesives. black letter or text A classification of type consisting of faces that resemble the hand-

drawn lettering of German monks in the Middle Ages. blanket cylinder A printing system component that holds the image-receiving blanket on

the press and receives the image from the plate cylinder. blind embossing An embossing process in which the stick itself creates the image and

ink is not used. body height The distance from top to bottom of lower case letters, not including the

ascenders and descenders. Also called x-height. bond A paper used extensively for business forms, letterheads, and many

other products, characterized strength, good ink receptivity and eras ability.

calendering Passing paper between rollers to increase the smoothness and gloss of the paper’s surface.

carbonless Paper coated with encapsulated colorless dyes and/or a receptor coating, used to make multiple business forms that will be written on or used in an impact printer.

casing in In edition binding, the process of attaching the separately manufactured book cover to the body with an adhesive.

chain delivery system A paper feeding system on a lithographic press consisting of a pair of chain conveyor belts that drive two or more gripper bars to transfer paper from the press to the delivery pile.

chalking A condition that occurs when dried ink is easily rubbed off or lost from a printed sheet.

collating The gathering of sheets or signatures, usually after they are printed. color mood The psychological impact different colors evoke to humans. color wheel A visual tool that illustrates the basics of color. comprehensive layout A detailed layout showing how the printed piece will look when

finished. computer-to-plate (CTP) Technology that uses imaging systems that take fully-paginated digital

materials and expose this information to plates in platesetters or imagesetters without creating film intermediates. Also referred to direct-to-plate or digital-to-plate.

continuous tone An image with an infinite number of tone gradations between the lightest highlights and the darkest shadows.

contrast The variation of elements in a printed product. copy The text elements (words) used in producing printed products. copyfitting The process of fitting together copy and illustrations in a specific

amount of space. cover A paper type that is thick or heavy, typically used as the cover of


books, catalogs, brochures, manuals and similar publications. craft-centered Refers to work performed by artisans or others with manual skills. dampening system A group of rollers in a printing press designed to apply moisture to the

nonimage area of the printing plate. densitometer An electronic instrument that uses a photocell to accurately measure

the amount of light reflected form or through different tone values. descender The part of a letter that extends below the body or baseline. design shapes The three basic design shapes are the square, circle and triangle. die cutting A process in which pressure is used to force a sharp metal die (a steel

rule) through the stock. It is used to make irregular shapes. display type Type sizes above 12-point used to emphasize E gauge A device used to measure point sizes and leading of printed type. electronic information transfer Sending digital information instantly via telephone lines and satellites. electronic page composition A computer-based method of combining and arranging text and line art

to assemble the final page, which is then output to an imagesetter to produce camera-ready copy, negatives or printing plates.

elements of design The fundamental elements used by the graphic designer, including lines, shapes, mass, texture and color.

elements of layout The fundamental elements used by the layout artist to make a composition, including body type, display type, illustrations and white space.

em A unit of printer’s measure equal to the height and width of the capital M in the given size to type.

embossing A process that creates a raised image on a substrate by pressing it between two dies.

en A unit of printer’s measure roughly half the size of an em. entrepreneur Someone who starts his or her own business. ergonomics The science of fitting the job to the worker. finishing A general term that applies to the many operations carried out during

or following pointing, such as cutting, folding, embossing, stamping, numbering, drilling, punching, varnishing and laminating.

font In computer-based or phototypesetting composition methods, a font consists of all the characters that make up a specific typeface. In foundry type, where each character is on a separate piece of metal, a font consists of different quantities of each character in one size and style of type.

fordrinier A paper machine that forms a continuous web of paper on a moving, endless wire belt.

four-color process printing The over printing of the four process colors, cyan, magenta, yellow and black.

grade A category or class of paper. grain The direction or structure of paper fibers. graphic communications A general term for the exchange of information in a visual form, such

as words, drawings, photographs, or a combination of these. More specifically, a term describing printing and related industries.

gravure A method of printing from cells or depressions that are engraved below the nonimage area of the printing cylinder.

gripper The unprinted space at the edge of a printed sheet that enters the press and is held by the mechanical fingers of the press feeding system.

halftone A continuous tone image converted to a dot system for printing, to give the illusion of varying tones with single tone inks.


image assembly The process of electronically assembling line and halftone negatives or positives into pages.

image carrier A press plate or other intermediate used to transfer identical images onto a substrate.

impactless printing Term for several types of printing (such as ink jet, laser or electrostatic) that do not require direct contact between an image carrier and a substrate.

impression cylinder The printing system cylinder that brings the paper to be printed in contact with the blanket cylinder.

index A thick, stiff, smooth paper, frequently 2-ply or greater, most commonly used for cards or postcards.

ink fountain The component of the press inking system that supplies the ink to the press.

ink keys The control mechanisms on the ink fountain. intaglio A printing process in which words, pictures or designs are engraved

into a printing plate or cylinder. justify To adjust letter-spacing and word-spacing so that lines of type in a

block are all equal in length, resulting in even left and right margins. kerning Adjusting the space between pairs of characters of type to improve

appearance and readability. laminating Process in which a thin film of plastic with an adhesive coating is

bonded to a printed substrate to provide protection against abrasion and moisture.

leading (pronounced “ledding”) The vertical distance separating each line of copy, measured in points from one line to the next.

legibility A measure of how difficult or easy it is to read printed matter. letterspacing The spacing between typeset letters, adjusted for better appearance or

to fit copy in a given space. lifelong learning Upgrading and updating one’s job skills and knowledge to keep pace

with technological changes in a field. lignin A glue-like substance used in paper manufacturing that bonds wood

fibers together. line art A drawing with no grays or middletones; traditionally, black lines on

white paper. In computer publishing, a vector or object-oriented graphic.

line spacing See leading. lockout devices A key or combination-type lock used to hold an energy isolating device

in the safe position to prevent the machine from energizing. machine guards Metal or plastic enclosures that cover moving machine parts and

protect the operator from being cut, squashed or hit by flying fragments; also protect the equipment from foreign objects.

mechanical A completed page of type and illustrations that is used for reproducing exact duplicates.

misting Condition that occurs when a fine spray of ink is produced by the movement of the ink rollers on a press.

Moiré pattern A visually undesirable dot-exaggerating effect that occurs when two different screens are randomly positioned or superimposed.

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets, files listing all hazardous chemicals used on the premises of all industries.

nip point The point of contact where two cylinders, gears or rollers meet or come close to one another.

offset lithography A planography printing method in which inked images are offset or


transferred from one surface to another. opacity The quality of a paper that does not allow print from the opposite side

to show through. optical character readers (OCR) Equipment that scans, interprets and converts any copy or graphic

elements to machine-readable format. outsourcing Sending a product to a service company for specified work needed to

complete the product. overprint When one image element is printed over or on top of other colors of

ink. perfect binding Method that uses an adhesive to hold sheets or signatures together

and to fasten the flexible cloth or paper covers onto the body. personal protective device Clothing or equipment worn for protection from potential bodily injury

associated with chemical use or machine operation. photo cropping A method of indicating what portion of a photograph is to be used or

reproduced. pica One of the principal units of measure used in the graphic

communications industry. 1 pica = .166” picking The lifting of paper fibers caused by the tackiness of ink during the

printing process. pigment Colorants added to ink in the form of fine, solid particles that do not

dissolve but spread through liquids or other substances, with varying degrees of resistance to water, alcohol, and other chemicals, and are generally insoluble in the ink vehicle.

planography The process pf printing from a flat, nonraised surface, based on the concept that water and oil do not readily mix.

plate cylinder The printing system component that holds the plate on the press. point One of the principal units of measure used in the graphic

communications industry. A point = .0138”. 12 points = 1 pica. point size A vertical measurement used to identify or specify the size of a

typeface, measured from the top of the ascender to the bottom the descender.

polymerization A chemical reaction that occurs when UV light strikes an ink, converting the ink from a liquid to a solid.

pourous printing A process of printing in which an image carrier is attached to a screen and ink is forced through the open mesh areas; screen printing.

principles of design The basic guidelines used by design artists: balance, contrast, unity, rhythm, and proportion.

printing A process involving the use of a specialized machine (a printing press) to transfer an image from an image carrier to a substrate.

proportion The relationship between elements in an image. proportion scale A measuring device used to determine the correct reproduction

percentage for the enlargement or reduction of images. pulp The soft, spongy substance produced by the chemical or mechanical

breakdown of cellulose fibers for use in papermaking. quote An estimated cost for the production of goods and services, including

prices and quantities. ream Five hundred sheets of paper. reflection densitometer Instrument used to accurately determine different tone values. relief printing The process of printing from a raised surface. resolution An image’s sharpness or clarity; the number of pixels per unit of linear

measure. reverse White type characters on a solid black or colored background.


rhythm The use of elements in an image to create visual movement and direction.

Roman A type style based on the capital letters cut into stone monuments by the ancient Romans, characterized by the contrast between heavy and light elements and the use of serifs.

rough layout A redrawn version of the thumbnail sketch, closely resembling the final layout.

sans serif The classification for typefaces without serifs (stroke endings). scoring A slight cut or depression made in heavy stock before it is folded. screen angles Angular relationships of line screens used in making color separations

for four-color process printing. screen tint A percentage of a solid color. script A typeface designed to simulate handwriting, in which the letters are

joined. scumming A condition in lithography when the nonimage areas of the plate begin

to accept ink. serif The thickened tips or short finishing-off strokes at the top and bottom

of some typeface characters. set solid When the line spacing dimension is equal to the size of the typeface. setoff A condition that results when wet ink on the press sheets transfers to

the back of other sheets in a stack. sizing Material such as rosin that is added to pulp slurry to make paper

stronger and more moisture-resistant. slurring An unwanted accumulation of halftone dots, resulting in a smeared

image, commonly caused by slippage or improper contact between cylinders at the time of impression.

specifications The overall layout guidelines including such information as type style, type size, line width, color use, and page organization.

spiral binding A mechanical binding method in which small round holes are punched through the pages and metal or plastic wire is spiral fed through them.

square serif A typeface with block-like serifs which have the same weight as the main portion of the letter face.

stamping The process of transferring a thin layer of metallic tone or color to a substrate, using heat and pressure.

strike-through An ink-penetration problem that occurs when the ink soaks into the paper too deeply and shows through the opposite side of the sheet.

substrate Any material with a surface that can be printed or coated. tack The stickiness of an ink, measured by its ability to split between two

surfaces. tagout device A prominent warning device, such as a tag, securely fastened to an

energy isolating device, to indicate that electrical power is off and must remain off until the tag is removed.

thixotropy The tendency of an ink to flow more freely after being worked; ink stability.

thumbnail sketches Simple, rapidly drawn, brain-storming designs of a layout. totally chlorine free (TCF) Refers to unbleached paper with a slightly brown appearance. tracking A feature of computer typesetting programs that allows control of letter

and word spacing together. Trapping Method used to create a small area of overlap (trap) between colors to

compensate for potential gaps. trimming The process of cutting off edges of a product after printing. turnaround The completion time of a product from its inception.


typeface family A grouping consisting of all the variations of one style of type. typeface series The range of sizes of each typeface in a family. unity The proper balance of all elements in an image so that a pleasing

whole results and the image is viewed as one piece. vehicle The liquid component in ink that serves as a binding agent. VOC’s Volatile organic compounds – toxic substances contained in blanket and

roller washes, fountain solutions, plate cleaners and other industry solutions that evaporate into the atmosphere, contributing to environmental hazards and health concerns.

waste stream The solid, liquid or contained gaseous material that is produced and disposed of, incinerated, or recycled by a facility.

white space The areas of a layout that are void of printed images. widow A very short word or part of a word forming the final line of a

paragraph. wordspacing Changing the spacing between typeset words, for better appearance or

to fit copy in a given space. x height The height of the lowercase “x”; also called body height.

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