AP Biology 2007-2008

DomainEubacteria

DomainArchaea

DomainEukarya

Common ancestor

Kingdom: Animals

Domain Eukarya

AP Biology

Animal Characteristics Heterotrophs

must ingest others for nutrients Multicellular

complex bodies No cell walls

allows active transport Sexual reproduction

no alternation of generations no haploid gametophyte

AP Biology

Check For Understanding: If animals have NO haploid

gametophyte stage, how does sexual reproduction work?

Meiosis Produces gametes, fertilization occurs inside the diploid female!

AP Biology

Human Life Cycle Example:Multicellular Diploid (2N) stagesProduce gametes

Unicellular haploid Gametes (n) are produced by meiosis

Fertilization occurs inside Female

Zygote develops after fertilization

Diploid (2N) offspring grow and develop

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Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

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Invertebrate: Porifera Sponges

no distinct tissues or organs do have specialized cells

no symmetry sessile (as adults)

food taken into each cell by endocytosis

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Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

tissues specialized structure & function,muscle & nerve tissue

jellyfish

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Invertebrate: Cnidaria Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral

tissues, but no organs radial symmetry predators

tentacles surround gut opening

extracellular digestion release enzymes

into gut cavity absorption by cells

lining gut

medusapolyp

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hydra

stinging cellwith nematocyst

trigger

dischargednematocyst

undischargednematocyst

tentacles

mouth

sensorycell

stingingcell

Stinging cells of Cnidarians

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Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

tissues specialized structure & function,muscle & nerve tissue

jellyfish

bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization

flatworms

radial

bilateral

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Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes

ectoderm

mesoderm

endoderm

Flatworms tapeworm, planaria mostly parasitic bilaterally symmetrical

have right & left & then have head (anterior) end & posterior end cephalization = development of brain concentration of sense organs in head

increase specialization in body plan

Animals nowface the world

head on!

acoelomate

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Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

tissues specialized structure & function,muscle & nerve tissue

jellyfish

bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization

flatworms

radial

bilateral

body cavity ­ body complexity digestive & repro sys

roundworms

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Invertebrate: Nematoda Roundworms

bilaterally symmetrical body cavity

pseudocoelom = simple body cavity digestive system

tube running through length of body (mouth to anus) many are parasitic

hookworm

C. elegans

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Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

tissues specialized structure & function,muscle & nerve tissue

jellyfish

bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization

flatworms

radial

bilateral

body cavity ­ body complexity digestive & repro sys

roundworms

coelom digestive sys

mollusks

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Invertebrate: Mollusca Mollusks

slugs, snails, clams, squid bilaterally symmetrical (with exceptions) soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells true coelem

increases complexity & specialization of internal organs

AP Biology

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

tissues specialized structure & function,muscle & nerve tissue

jellyfish

bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization

flatworms

radial

bilateral

body cavity ­ body complexity digestive & repro sys

roundworms

coelom digestive sys

mollusks

segmentationredundancy,

specialization, mobility

segmentedworms

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Invertebrate: Annelida Segmented worms

earthworms, leeches segments

increase mobility redundancy in body sections

bilaterally symmetrical true coelem

fan worm leech

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Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

tissues specialized structure & function,muscle & nerve tissue

jellyfish

bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization

flatworms

radial

bilateral

body cavity ­ body complexity digestive & repro sys

roundworms

coelom digestive sys

mollusks

segmentationredundancy,

specialization, mobility

segmentedworms

insectsspiders

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Invertebrate: Arthropoda Spiders, insects, crustaceans

most successful animal phylum bilaterally symmetrical segmented

specialized segments allows jointed appendages

exoskeleton chitin (carbohydrate)

+ protein

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Arthropod groups

insects6 legs, 3 body parts

crustaceansgills, 2 pairs antennaecrab, lobster, barnacles, shrimp

arachnids8 legs, 2 body partsspiders, ticks, scorpions

AP Biology

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

tissues specialized structure & function,muscle & nerve tissue

jellyfish

bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization

flatworms

radial

bilateral

body cavity ­ body complexity digestive & repro sys

roundworms

coelom digestive sys

mollusks

segmentationredundancy,

specialization, mobility

segmentedworms

insectsspiders

endoskeleton body size

starfish

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Invertebrate: Echinodermata Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber

radially symmetrical as adults spiny endoskeleton deuterostome loss of bilateral symmetry?

AP Biology

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

sponges

Nematoda

Mollusca Arthropoda Chordata

Annelida Echinodermata

multicellularity

Ancestral Protist

Animal Evolution

specialization & body complexity

tissues specialized structure & function,muscle & nerve tissue

jellyfish

bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization

flatworms

radial

bilateral

body cavity ­ body complexity digestive & repro sys

roundworms

coelom digestive sys

mollusks

segmentationredundancy,

specialization, mobility

segmentedworms

insectsspiders

endoskeleton body size

starfish vertebrates

backbone­ body & brain

size, mobility

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Vertebrates fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals internal bony skeleton

backbone encasing spinal column

skull-encased brain deuterostome

postanaltail notochord

hollow dorsalnerve cord

pharyngealpouches

Chordata

becomes brain & spinal cord

becomes vertebrae

becomes gills or Eustachian tube

becomes tail or tailbone

Oh, look…your first

baby picture!

vertebrate embryo

AP Biology

Invertebrate quick check…

Which group includes snails, clams, and squid? Which group is the sponges? Which are the flatworms?

…segmented worms?…roundworms?

Which group has jointed appendages & an exoskeleton?

Which two groups have radial symmetry? What is the adaptive advantage of bilateral

symmetry? Which group has no symmetry?

Invertebrates: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata

AP Biology

Independent Practice Using your table and page 741 of your

text, summarize the characteristics of each branch point in the animal kingdom on your chart

Make sure to explain what the characteristic means (Use chapter 25.2) and to give several examples of animals in that group.

AP Biology

Explain that Group:

sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmentedworms

insectsspiders

starfish vertebrates

Ancestral Protist

12

3

4

75 6 8 9

AP Biology

Homework (page 821): Sketch and study the jellyfish lifecycle

in your notes, labeling each stage.

1) Why do jellyfish not show alternation in generations?

2) How does a jellyfish asexually reproduce? Explain.

3) How does a jellyfish sexually reproduce?

AP Biology 2010-2011

That’s the buzz!

AnyQuestions?