Anna Akin

Betsy McQueen

Andrew Piazza

Erin Robertson

Erin Roosth Sarah West

Chapter 35, Lesson 1 and 4

Topics

• Heat Illness • Alcohol Poisoning• Burns• Shock• Sprains & Fractures

Is it my responsibility?

• Your decision to act or not to provide aid to someone

• Duty to Care - if properly trained in first aid and “on duty”; you are responsible to act

• Will I be legally safe if I decide to act?

When someone needs help:

Immediate Actions• Is there possible danger for you nearby?• Is the victim in immediate danger?• Are there others who can help you?• Is there a telephone, cell phone, or form

of EMS nearby?• How many are injured? How are they

injured?• Where is your location?

When discovering an injured/ill person:

1. If victim is responsive, introduce yourself before you touch him/her

2. If the victim agrees, you may give first aid

3. If the victim doesn’t agree, phone for help (911) or send another for help

4. If victim is confused, can not answer or unconscious, assume that they would want your help

Find the Problem…

When helping the victim:1. Look, observe, feel to see if victim

is breathing2. Look for any obvious signs of injury 3. Look for medical information

jewelry

Heat Illnesses

•Heat Exhaustion•Heatstroke

Heat Exhaustion

• Form of shock that occurs when the body looses too much water and too many electrolytes through very heavy sweating after exposure to heat

Heat Exhaustion: Signs & Symptoms

• Nausea• Dizziness• Weak Pulse• Profuse sweating • Lightheadedness• Cool and clammy skin• Normal Body Temperature

Treatment of Heat Exhaustion

• Move to cool location• Drink sips of water• Sports drinks • Salty foods

Heatstroke

• Long exposure to heat• Overwhelms body’s sweating

mechanism• Unable to automatically cool body• If untreated, can result in death!

Heatstroke: Signs & Symptoms

• Nausea • Dizziness• Confusion• Hot, dry, and red skin • Rapid, strong pulse• Throbbing headache• High Body Temperature• Semiconscious (or unconscious)

Treatment of Heat Cramps

• Rest in a cool environment• Drink cool salt water or sports drink

Treatment of Dehydration

• Get out of the heat• Small sips of water• Sports drinks• Salty food

Prevention of Heat Illness

• Avoid strenuous activity in hot weather

• Drink plenty of fluids – Don’t wait!• Light and loose-fitting clothes• Lightly salted food helps• Stay cool!

Alcohol Poisoning

• A condition in which toxic amount of alcohol has been drunk, usually in a short period of time.

What Happens to Your Body?

• Alcohol slows down:– Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and

Breathing

• When your body is deprived of oxygen, you become unconscious

• This can lead to irreversible brain damage or death

Alcohol Effects

Signs of Alcohol Poisoning

• Mental confusion• Unable to walk on his or her own• Conscious, but unable to respond• Unconscious and unable to awake• Cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin• Strong odor of alcohol and/or vomit• Slow or irregular breathing: <8 beats/min• Not waking up during or after vomiting

What To Do if Alcohol Poisoning is Suspected

• Try to wake the person up• Turn the person on his/her

side• DO NOT leave the person

alone• Do not wait for all symptoms

to show up• Call for help, 9-1-1• Remember: It is better to be

safe than sorry!

Burn Classifications

Causes likely at a football game

• Sun over-exposure• Exposure to hot liquids• Electrical

– May cause internal burn not visible from the outside

First-degree Burns

• Reddened and painful skin

• Outermost layers of skin

• Generally heals in about a week

• Most common burn associated with sunburns

Sunburn Prevention

• Apply sunscreen 1-2 hours before sun exposure

• Wear a wide-brim hat• Wear loose-fitting, dry clothing• Cover up, even on cloudy days

Sunburn treatment

• Sooth the burn with cool water– Submersion– Cool cloth

• If the skin blisters, do not pop the blister.

• Vitamin C treatment• Morning after treatment

Second-degree Burns

• Deeper than superficial, but does not damage the deepest layers of skin

• Blistering is present• Moderate to severe

pain• Requires medical

treatment

Hot liquids or oils

• First or second-degree burn• Can be prevented by using extreme

caution when handling products.• If clothing is saturated, remove

clothing to prevent further burning.

Treating a second-degree burn

• Rinse with clean, cool water• Keep blisters intact• After area is cooled, cover with a dry,

sterile dressing to prevent infection• Seek medical treatment

Third-degree Burns

• Damages all layers of skin

• May be injure muscle and other tissue

• Generally no pain• Susceptible to shock

and infection• Requires medical

treatment

Treating a third-degree burn: Lightning Strike

• Make sure area is safe• Call 911• Cool area with clean water• Cut away clothing around

burn• Leave clothing that is

stuck to burn• Cover with a dry, sterile

dressing• Treat for shock

Shock

• The failure of the cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood circulating to the vital organs of the body

Signs of Shock

• Victim may feel weak, faint, or dizzy• Act restless, agitated, or confused• Cold, and clammy to touch• Pale or grayish skin

Shock Treatment

• Safe Scene• Call 911• Help victim lie on his/her back• If no leg injury or pain, raise the

victim’s legs just above the level of the heart

• Use pressure to stop bleeding• Cover Victim to keep him/her warm• Victim may vomit, so keep airway clear

Give Me A Break…

• Fracture: a break in a bone, usually caused by significant force.

• Two kinds– Closed: bone is

broken, but does not break the skin.

– Open: bone is broken and overlaying skin is lacerated.

Sprains

• A sprain is a joint injury caused by excessive stretching of the supporting ligaments.

Strains

• A strain is an injury resulting from over-stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.

Treatment for Strains and Sprains

• Seek Medical Help• R.I.C.E.

– Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate

• Rehabilitation exercises• Activity Modification