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Anna Akin
Betsy McQueen
Andrew Piazza
Erin Robertson
Erin Roosth Sarah West
Chapter 35, Lesson 1 and 4
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Topics
• Heat Illness • Alcohol Poisoning• Burns• Shock• Sprains & Fractures
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Is it my responsibility?
• Your decision to act or not to provide aid to someone
• Duty to Care - if properly trained in first aid and “on duty”; you are responsible to act
• Will I be legally safe if I decide to act?
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When someone needs help:
Immediate Actions• Is there possible danger for you nearby?• Is the victim in immediate danger?• Are there others who can help you?• Is there a telephone, cell phone, or form
of EMS nearby?• How many are injured? How are they
injured?• Where is your location?
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When discovering an injured/ill person:
1. If victim is responsive, introduce yourself before you touch him/her
2. If the victim agrees, you may give first aid
3. If the victim doesn’t agree, phone for help (911) or send another for help
4. If victim is confused, can not answer or unconscious, assume that they would want your help
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Find the Problem…
When helping the victim:1. Look, observe, feel to see if victim
is breathing2. Look for any obvious signs of injury 3. Look for medical information
jewelry
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Heat Illnesses
•Heat Exhaustion•Heatstroke
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Heat Exhaustion
• Form of shock that occurs when the body looses too much water and too many electrolytes through very heavy sweating after exposure to heat
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Heat Exhaustion: Signs & Symptoms
• Nausea• Dizziness• Weak Pulse• Profuse sweating • Lightheadedness• Cool and clammy skin• Normal Body Temperature
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Treatment of Heat Exhaustion
• Move to cool location• Drink sips of water• Sports drinks • Salty foods
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Heatstroke
• Long exposure to heat• Overwhelms body’s sweating
mechanism• Unable to automatically cool body• If untreated, can result in death!
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Heatstroke: Signs & Symptoms
• Nausea • Dizziness• Confusion• Hot, dry, and red skin • Rapid, strong pulse• Throbbing headache• High Body Temperature• Semiconscious (or unconscious)
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Treatment of Heat Cramps
• Rest in a cool environment• Drink cool salt water or sports drink
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Treatment of Dehydration
• Get out of the heat• Small sips of water• Sports drinks• Salty food
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Prevention of Heat Illness
• Avoid strenuous activity in hot weather
• Drink plenty of fluids – Don’t wait!• Light and loose-fitting clothes• Lightly salted food helps• Stay cool!
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Alcohol Poisoning
• A condition in which toxic amount of alcohol has been drunk, usually in a short period of time.
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What Happens to Your Body?
• Alcohol slows down:– Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and
Breathing
• When your body is deprived of oxygen, you become unconscious
• This can lead to irreversible brain damage or death
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Alcohol Effects
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Signs of Alcohol Poisoning
• Mental confusion• Unable to walk on his or her own• Conscious, but unable to respond• Unconscious and unable to awake• Cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin• Strong odor of alcohol and/or vomit• Slow or irregular breathing: <8 beats/min• Not waking up during or after vomiting
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What To Do if Alcohol Poisoning is Suspected
• Try to wake the person up• Turn the person on his/her
side• DO NOT leave the person
alone• Do not wait for all symptoms
to show up• Call for help, 9-1-1• Remember: It is better to be
safe than sorry!
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Burn Classifications
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Causes likely at a football game
• Sun over-exposure• Exposure to hot liquids• Electrical
– May cause internal burn not visible from the outside
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First-degree Burns
• Reddened and painful skin
• Outermost layers of skin
• Generally heals in about a week
• Most common burn associated with sunburns
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Sunburn Prevention
• Apply sunscreen 1-2 hours before sun exposure
• Wear a wide-brim hat• Wear loose-fitting, dry clothing• Cover up, even on cloudy days
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Sunburn treatment
• Sooth the burn with cool water– Submersion– Cool cloth
• If the skin blisters, do not pop the blister.
• Vitamin C treatment• Morning after treatment
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Second-degree Burns
• Deeper than superficial, but does not damage the deepest layers of skin
• Blistering is present• Moderate to severe
pain• Requires medical
treatment
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Hot liquids or oils
• First or second-degree burn• Can be prevented by using extreme
caution when handling products.• If clothing is saturated, remove
clothing to prevent further burning.
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Treating a second-degree burn
• Rinse with clean, cool water• Keep blisters intact• After area is cooled, cover with a dry,
sterile dressing to prevent infection• Seek medical treatment
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Third-degree Burns
• Damages all layers of skin
• May be injure muscle and other tissue
• Generally no pain• Susceptible to shock
and infection• Requires medical
treatment
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Treating a third-degree burn: Lightning Strike
• Make sure area is safe• Call 911• Cool area with clean water• Cut away clothing around
burn• Leave clothing that is
stuck to burn• Cover with a dry, sterile
dressing• Treat for shock
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Shock
• The failure of the cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood circulating to the vital organs of the body
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Signs of Shock
• Victim may feel weak, faint, or dizzy• Act restless, agitated, or confused• Cold, and clammy to touch• Pale or grayish skin
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Shock Treatment
• Safe Scene• Call 911• Help victim lie on his/her back• If no leg injury or pain, raise the
victim’s legs just above the level of the heart
• Use pressure to stop bleeding• Cover Victim to keep him/her warm• Victim may vomit, so keep airway clear
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Give Me A Break…
• Fracture: a break in a bone, usually caused by significant force.
• Two kinds– Closed: bone is
broken, but does not break the skin.
– Open: bone is broken and overlaying skin is lacerated.
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Sprains
• A sprain is a joint injury caused by excessive stretching of the supporting ligaments.
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Strains
• A strain is an injury resulting from over-stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.
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Treatment for Strains and Sprains
• Seek Medical Help• R.I.C.E.
– Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate
• Rehabilitation exercises• Activity Modification
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