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TRANSCRIPT
13. Foreword Gtenn D. Lowry
15. Acknowledgments Jay A. Levenson and Sarah Lookofsky
18. Introduction: About This Book Anneko Lenssen, Sorah Rogers, Nada Shabout
28. Essay: The Making and Unmaking of the Amb World U s s a m a Makdis i
36. DEFINING PAINTING
36. Taswir, Wntun?, Painting (c. 1882) Butrus a!-Bustani
37. ON THE BENEFITS OF ART
37. The Fine Arts (1887) Ahmed Fahmi
42. Images and Statues, Their Benefits and Legality (1904) Muhammad Abduh
45. ARAB ROMANTlCS
45. Something about Art (1912) May Ziadeh
47. Letter to May Ziadeh (1920) Amin Rihani
49. Letter to May Ziadeh (1920) Kahlil Gibran
51. Drclft essay (1920s) Kahlil Gibran
53. Renewal (1927) Amin Rihani
55. IN FOCUS Arab Romanticism Stephen Sheehi
57. LETTER FROM ALGIERS TO PARIS
57. Letter to the Director of the Exhibition of indigenous Art from the French Colonies (1923) Omar Racim
58. SCULPTURE AND THE PUBLIC IN EGYPT
58. The Sphinx and Mokhtar's Statue (1928) lbrahim Abd al-Qadir al-Mazini
63. The Response of Sculptor Mokhtar t o Mr. al-Mazini (1928) Mahmaud Mokhtar
68. IN OEFENSE OF EGYPTIAN POPULAR ART
68. The Popular Arts in Egypt (1928) Mohamed Naghi
72. IN FOCUS Cdro's School of Rne Arts and the Pedagogical Imperative Dino Ramadan
73. LETTER FROM MARRAKESH TO ALGIERS
73. Letter t o Jean Alazard, Director of the Museum of Fine Arts, Algiers (1929) Azouaou Mammeri
74. ON THE FORMATION OF A MODERN SPIRIT
74. Modernism or Tradition? (1929) IrPne KGram6
76. IN FOCUS Cultivation Discourses in the Arab East Kirsten Scheid
77. VIEWING THE EXHIBITION
78. Guest book entries for Zulfa al-Sa'di (1933)
79. Guest book entries for Moustafa Farroukh (1933)
80. QUERYING ART AND RELIGION
80. Art and Religion (1936) Moustafa Farroukh
82. The Greatest Art (1938) Mikhail Naimy
86. THE NEO-ORIENTALISTS/Cairo
86. Manifesto of the Neo-Orientalists (1937) Kamel Telmisany
EGYPTIAN ART AND FREEDOM DEBATES
The Objective of the Contemporary Artist (1938) RamsPs Younan
Long Live Degenerate Art! (1938)
The Art and Liberty Group (1939) Anwar Kamel
Studies in Art: Ar t and Freedom (1939) Aziz Ahmad Fahmi
On Degenerate Art: A Final Word (1939) Nasri Atallah Susa
On Degenerate Art (1939) Kamel Telmisany
Art and Dictatorship (1940) Mohamed Naghi
106. SHAPING THE FATE OF THE NATION
107. The Painter (1943) Cesar Gemayel
109. IRAQ'S WARTIME TRANSFORMATION
109. Diary entry (1944) Jewad Selim
110. ON AGONY AND BEAUTY
110. Thoughts on Art (1944) Hatem el Mekki
112. Thoughts on Art (1945) AIy Ben Salem
112. Thoughts on Art (1945) Omar Racim
113. Thoughts on Art= Man and His Agony(1945) Mahmoud Messadi
113. CONTEMPORARY ART GROUP/Cairo
114. Contemporary Ar t Gmup, First Declaration (1946) Husayn Yusuf Arnin. Abdel Hadi el-Gazzar, Mahmoud Khalil, lbrahim Massouda, Mogli (Salem el-Habshi), Harned Nada, Maher Raef, Samir Rafi, Kamal Youssef
114. Contemporary Ar t Group, Second Declaration (1948)
117. PLATES l ( 1-25 1
133. SURREALIST SENSITIVITIES
133. From an Old Diary (1947) Khaldun Sati al-Husry
135. Notes from Surreal (1947) Urkhan Muyassar
138. PETITION FOR THE 1 PERCENT LAW/Tunis
138. Letter t o the Resident General in Tunis (1948) Pierre Boucherle and Yahia Turki
139. AN EARLY DECLARATION O F HUROUNYAH
139. Arabic Calligraphy: An Inspiring Element in Abstract Art (1949-50) Modiha Umor
142. IN FOCUS Huroufiyah: The Arabic Letter asVisual Form Nada Shabout
144. IMAGINING AN IMMORTAL ARAB ART
144. Speech delivered a t Damascus's Maydan High School (1951) Adham Isma'il
345. TOWARD A MATERIAL MODERNISM
145. How the Arab UnderstoodVisual A r t (1951) Saloua Raoudo Choucair
150. BAGHDAD GROUP FOR MODERN ART
150. Manifesto (1951) Baghdad Group for Modern Art
152. The Renewal of Art (1951) Jewad Selim
155. THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF EXHIBITIONS
155. Letter t o the Department of Interior and Ene Arts (1952) Yohia Bahrned
156. On the Presentation of a Collective Exhibition (1953) Jean SQnac
157. Exhibition c% a Palestinian Artist (1953) Horun Hashim Rashid
158. About the Third Exhibition at the British Cultural Council (1953) Shokir Hasson AI Said
161. IN FOCUS The Nukba and Arab Culture Nasser Rabbot
163. ALGERIAN GROUP OF THE LETTRIST INTERNATIONAL/Algiers
163. Manifesto (1953) Cheikh Ben Dhine, Mohamed Dahou, lsmail Ait Djafer
164. A CALL TO HUMAN HERITAGE
164. The Meaning of Painting (1953) Adonis
167. CONSIDERING ARAB ART AND ARTISTS
167. Artists' Questionnaire: "Art and Arab Life" (1956)
176. The Question o f Form: Between National Realism and the Psychological Moment (1956) Zakariya al-Hijjawi
181. REVIEWING THE IRAQI REVOLUTION
181. At The Exhibition of the Revolution (1958) Jaleel Kamal al-Din
186. PROCLAIMING ARAB UNITY
186. The Freedom of Art (1958) Hamed Said
189. Text for the United Arab Republic Pavilion,Venice Biennale (1960) Salah Kamel
191. IN FOCUS Biennials and Arab Representation Anneka Lenssen
192. CAIRO: LIMITS ON FREEDOM
193. Recollections of Imprisonment (1959-63) lnji Efflatoun
196. MATERIALS FOR A NEW ALGERIAN ART
196. Painting (1960) M'hamed lssiakhem
198. PLASTIC ART S MOVEMENT/Damascus
198. Manifesto of the Plastic Arts Movement in Syria (1962) Abdul Aziz Alloun, Mahmoud Daadouch, Fateh al-Moudarres
200. Letter t o Salman Qataya (1962) Abdul Aziz Alloun
202. You9re Entitled toyour Opinion (1962) Adnan Ibn Dhurayl
204. INFOCUS Art and Political Patronage during the Cold War Sarah Rogers
206. MAKING SPACES IN BEIRUT
206. Opening o f Gallery One: A First Ar t Institution of i ts Kind (1963)
208. Remarks on the Autumn Exhibirtion: I Am Uncultured! (1964) Jalal Khoury
209. Toward a New Space: The Perspective of the Abstract (1964) Stblio Scamanga
211. PERSONAL REFLECTION Three Years of Teaching Art in Khartoum, 1962-65 Amir Nour
a3. PLATES 11 (26-491
229. ART AFTER THE ALGERIAN REVOLUTION
229. Painting and the People (1963)
231. Presentation a t Gallery 54 (1964) Jean SPnac
232. Elements for a New Art (1964) Mohamed Khadda
235. Elements for a New Art (1964) Choukri Mesli
237. Elements for a New Art (1964) Abdallah Benanteur
239. Art and the Algerian Revolution (1964) Henri Krka
240. EXPLORATORY ABSTRACTION
241. Meaninglessness Within and Without (1964) Fouad Kamel
243. THE CHALLENGE OF ART
243. A Trailing Zero: Damascus Letter (1965) Muhornmad a\-Maghout
248. Letter t o Famuq 01-Buqayli (1966) Mahmoud Hammad
252. CONTEMPLATIVE ART/Baghdad
252. Man'ifksto (1966) Shokir Hassan Al Said
256. PRESENTING NEW TUNISIAN PAINTING
256. A True Language of Forms: Interview with Nja Mahdaoui (1966) Moncef S. Baddoy
258. A Language i n His Land's Dimensions: Interview with Naceur Ben Cheikh (1966) Moncef S. Badday
260. Against Neocolonialism in Painting: Interview with Najib Belkhodja (1966) Ferid Boughedir
263. MOROCCO'S CASABLANCA SCHOOL DIALOGUES
263. On the Concept of Painting and the Plastic Language (1966) Mohammed Chebao
266. The Situation of the Moroccan Painter (1967) Toni Maraini
269. Responses to the Sorrffles Artists' Questionnaire (1967) Far id Bel kahia. Mohammed Chebaa, Mohammed Homidi, Jilali Gharbaoui, Mohammed Melehi
279. DEBATING NORTH AFRtCAN ART AT HOME AND AWAY
279. Six North African Painters Speak Out: Painting in North Africa, an Alarming Situation (1967) Abdallah Benonteur, Ahmed Cherkaoui, And& Elbaz, Abdel Koder Guermaz, Edgard Naccache, Mahmoud Sehili
283. Internationalism Passes through Nationalism (1967) Zubeir Turki
289. Art Must Reach the Universal and Must Not Become a National Crafts Industry: Interview with Andre Elbaz (1967) Zakya Daoud
292. AOUCHEM GROUP/Algiers and Blida
292. Manifesto (1967) Hamid Abdoun, Mustafa Adane, Baya (Fatma Haddad-Mahieddine), Mohamed Ben Baghdad, Mahfoud Dahmani, Denis Martinez, Choukri Mesli, Said Saidani, Arezki Zerarti
294. ClRCULlSM AND KINETICS IN KUWAIT
294. Kinetic Art: A Movement that Represents the New Man (1966)
296. Interview with the Artist Khalifa Qattan (1967) Sulayman al-Shatti
301. INFOCUS Experiments in Modern Arabic Typography Huda Smitshuijzen AbiFares
303. ACCOUNTING FOR THE JUNE 1967 WAR
303. (,.) (1968) Hassan Soliman
306. Manifesto: Towards a New Vision (1969) Dia al-Azzawi, lsmail Fattah, Saleh al-Jumaie, Muharnmad Muhraddin, Rafa al-Nasiri, Hashem Samarji
310. You, the Arab Artist Who Rejects the West, What Is Your East?: Interview with Adel Saghir, Stelio Scamanga, Mounir Najm (1969) Samir Sayegh
315. AI-Tali'a Symposium Roundtable (1969)
322. PERSONAL REFLECTION From Dreams t o Achievements: A Jordanian Artist in the Era of 1968 Mona Saudi
323. EXHIBITION AT DJEMA AL FNA/Marrakesh
323. Statement (1969) Mohammed Ataallah, Farid Belkahia, Mohammed Chebaa, Mustapha Hafid, Mohammed Hamidi. Mohammed Melehi
324. TRANSFORMING THE ARTS OF THE REVOLUTION
325. On Art and Combat (197o)Tahar Ben Jelloun
325. Art in the Time of the Palestinian Revolution (1971) Kamal Boullata
329. Drawing in Three Dimensions (197l)Vladimir Tamari
333. INFOCUS Revolutionary Film: The Palestine Film Unit Mohanod Yaqubi
335. ARAB ART I N FEDERATION
335. Statement of the Founding Committee of the Union of Arab Plastic Artists ( 1 9 ~ )
338. Arab Art. . . and Its Position i n Relation t o the World's Art (1971) Mahmoud Harnmad
341. The Arab Artist's Rights and His Obligations (1971) Fateh al-Moudarres
343. EXHIBITION ARTICULATIONS I N IRAQ
343. Presence in the Object and the Object's Presence in Transformation, the Becoming o f Consciousness (1971) Yohya ol -Sheikh
345. Circulism: Why Circulism? What Is Circulism? (1971) Qutaiba al-Sheikh Nouri
347. Quantum Realism-An Ar t o f Processes (1971) Mahmoud Sabri
351. PERSONAL REFLECTION Notes on Contact Art Gallery, 1972-75 Waddah Faris
352. A TRANSREGIONAL CRITICAL TERRAIN
352. A Note on the Culligraphic Sign (1973) Abdelkebir Khatibi
355. Light: The Ultimate Material for A r t (1973) Etel Adnan
357. ART AND THE LETTER
357. The Philosophical, Technical, and Expressive Aspects of the One Dimension (1973) Shakir Hassan AI Said
359. TheCivilizational Qualityof the One Dimension (1973) Qutoiba al-Sheikh Nouri
361. About the Letter.. . A Response (1973) Jamil Hamoudi
362. THE DIASPORIC DIVIDE
363. An Arab Artist between Damascus and Berlin (1973) Na'im Isma'il
367. NEW REALlSM/Baghdad
367. Manifesto o f New Realism (1973) Abdal-Razzoq Ali Jawdat, Muhammad Arif, Shams +Din Foris. lbrahim al-Kamali
369. RESPONSE TO T H E OCTOBER 1973 WAR
369. Letter t o the Editor of MondayMorning (1973) Aref El Rayess
370. PERSONAL REFLECTION Graphic Design and the Visual Arts in Iraq Dia at-Azzawi
372. lNFOCUS Graphic Ar t i n t he Arab World May Muzaffar
374. ARAB BIENNIAL INITIATIVES AND CRlTlQUES
374. Art Inspired by the People, the Struggle, and Liberation in the ~ r i l o g y of Heritage, the Present, ond Contemporaneity (1973)
376. Discussion Forum fmm the First Arab Biennial (1974)
384. Mon*&sto of the Moroccan Association of Plastic Arts (1974)
386. Exploding Artistic and Cukuml Handkops (1974) Dio 01-Auawi
387. LIFE AS A PALESTINIAN ARTIST
387. The Palestinian People's Consciousness and Aesthetic Expression (1975) Mustafa al-Hallaj
393. KHARTOUM DIALOGUES
393. The Crystalist Manifesto (1976) Hassan Abdallah, Hashirn Ibrahim, Karnala lbrahirn Ishaq, Muharnmad Hamid Shaddad, Naiyla AI Tayib
401. Commentary (1976) Abdallah Bola
405. Commentary(i976) Maharned Abusabib
407. Exhibition Statement (1980) Muhamrnad Harnid Shaddad
408. SECOND ARAB BIENNIAL I N RABAT
408. Manifesto o f the Association o f Moroccan Plastic Artists (1976)
410. Interview with Fouad Bellamine (1978)
412. ON THE DESERT STYLE I N SAUDI ARABIA
413. A Word for the Sake o f A r t (1976) Mohammed AI-Saleem
414. Exhibition Statement (1976) Mohammed AI-Saleem
415. THINKING THROUGH CULTURE DURING THE LEBANESE CIVIL WARS
415. Proposal for a Cultural Policy(1977) Janine Rubeiz
419. ENVIRONMENTAL ART AT ASILAH
419. Statements f rom Participants o f the First International Cultural Moussem (1978)
424. IN FOCUS Yemen's Free Atelier: History and Context i n the Arabian Peninsula Anahi Alviso-Marino
426. THE CLOSURE OF GALLERY 79/Ramallah
426. Statement (1980)
427. DEBATING COMMITMENT I N A NEW EGYPT
427. From The Artist's Freedom (1980) Hassan Soliman
436. The Axis Continues (1982) The Axis Group: Farghali Abdel Hafiz, Abd al-Rahrnan al-Nashar, Ahmed Nawar, Mostafa El Razzaz
437. Statement against "Artistic Racism" (1984) Mukhtar el-Attar, Mahmoud Baqshish, lnji Effiatoun, Kamal al-Juweili, Salah Abdel Kerim, Saad El-Mansouri, Ezzedine Naguib, Subhi al-Sharuni, Abbas Shohdi
438. Spotlight on a Spotlight (1984) Mostafa El Razzaz
443. CONTEMPORARY MODES IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
443. To Contemplate Is to Lay a Foundotion (1985) Al-Toshkeel Culturol Committee: Abdul Jolil Jawad. Abdulraheem Salim. Hassan Sharif, Abdul Latif AI Smoudt
445. On W d e n Columns (1986) Ahmed Rashid
446. PERSONAL REFLECTlON Along New Paths: The New Visions Art Collectlve in Occupied Palestine Vera Tarnari
449. lndex
464. Trustees of The Museum of Modern Art