anatomy of lymphatic system mario makarević 2nd year 2013/2014 mentor: a. Žmegač horvat
TRANSCRIPT
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ANATOMY OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEMMario Makarević2nd year2013/2014Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
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Lymph• fluid similar to blood plasma• no erythrocytes or platelets• less proteins• more leukocytes
• filters out of blood vessels• lymph capillaries collect interstitial fluid
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Composition• lymphatic vessels• lymphatic organs• lymphatic tissue
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Lymphatic vessels• lymph capillary• single layer of overlapping endothelial cells• blind end• absent from brain, spinal cord, splenic pulp, bone marrow• located next to blood capillaries in tissue spaces
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Lymphatic vessels• lymph vessels• afferent and efferent• three-layered wall thinner than
vein• semilunar valves, contractile
lymphangion
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Lymphatic vessels• lymph trunks• confluence of many efferent lymph vessels
• jugular lymph trunks• subclavian lymph trunks• bronchomediastinal lymph trunks• lumbar lymph trunks• intestinal lymph trunk—unpaired
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Lymphatic vessels• lymph ducts• right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct• return fluid to blood
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• right lymphatic duct• about 1.5 cm in length• right venous angle• lymph from right half of head, neck,
thorax and right upper limb
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• thoracic duct• about 38-45 cm in length
• > front of L1 as cisterna chyli – emulsified fats and free fatty acids absorbed by lacteals
• > aortic hiatus of the diaphragm • > ascends along on the front of the vertebral
column, between thoracic aorta and azygos vein
• > left venous angle
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Lymph nodes• collections of stationary lymph tissue • from a few millimeters to about 1–2 cm long• fibrous capsule• afferent lymph vessels entering at the periphery, efferent
lymph vessels emerging at the hilum• cortex and medulla
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Cortex• outer region directly beneath capsule• densely packed lymphocytes (B-cells) arranged in follicles –
germinal center when challenged with an antigen• deeper cortex – T-cells• subcapsular sinus drains into trabecular
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Medulla• inner region• strands called medullary cords – B-cells, macrophages and
plasma cells• large blood vessels• medullary sinuses
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Major sites of lymph node concentration• cervical – head and neck• axillary – hand, arm and breast• mediastinal – abdominal cavity• inguinal – lower extremities and external genital organs
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Diffuse lymphatic tissue• not enclosed by a capsule• reticular connective tissue with lymphatic nodules• almost every organ, lamina propria of mucous membranes• tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix
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Lymph circulation• must be returned to blood stream to maintain blood volume
and pressure• antibodies, lymphocytes, and monocytes• obstruction leads to edema
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Lymph circulation• no central pump• slow movement• lymph is kept moving by:• contraction of adjacent skeletal muscle and arterial pulsation• contraction of smooth muscles – peristalsis
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Metastasis• bacteria or body cells spread from one body part to another• breast cancer to axillary nodes• chemotherapy
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Sources• http://www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system• https://www.boundless.com/physiology/the-lymphatic-
system/• http://www.cea1.com/anatomy-sistems/lymph-capillaries/