treatment of tumors maša radeljak mentor: a. Žmegač horvat
TRANSCRIPT
TREATMENT OF TUMORS
Maša RadeljakMentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
GOALS OF TREATMENT
• Complete removal• Palliation• Amelioration of symptoms• Preservation of quality of life
TREATMENT OF TUMORS
• Surgery• Radiation therapy• Chemotherapy• Biologic therapy
TREATMENT OF TUMORS
ADJUVANT• Given after the
primary treatment• Chemotherapy,
radiation therapy, biologic therapy
NEOADJUVANT• First step before
the main treatment• Chemotherapy,
radiation therapy
SURGERY
• Prevention- resection of premalignant lesions
• Diagnosis- excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy, core-needle biopsy, fine-needle aspiration
SURGERY
• Staging- determining the extent of the disease and whether it has metastasized to regional lymph nodes
SURGERY - TREATMENT
• Most effective therapy• 40%• Complete excision• Local control of tumor• Preservation of organ function• Resection of metastatic disease• Staging information• Mastectomy, prostatectomy, lung cancer
surgery
SURGERY
• Palliation- supportive care, pain management, insertion of central venous catheters, ascites
• Rehabilitation- breast reconstruction, orthopedic procedures
RADIATION THERAPY
• Target tissue• Genetic material• Free radicals• Oxygen• X-rays and
gamma rays• Teletherapy,
brachytherapy, systemic therapy with radionuclides
TELETHERAPY
• External beam radiotherapy
• Linear accelerators
• Most commonly used form of radiation
• Breast, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's disease
BRACHYTHERAPY
• Internal radiotherapy
• Inside or next to the tumor
• Temporary or permanent
• Cervical, brain, skin and prostate cancer
CHEMOTHERAPY
• Cytotoxic drugs• Rapidly dividing
cells• Alkylating agents• Antimetabolites• Plant alkaloids and
terpenoids• Topoisomerase
inhibitors• Antitumor
antibiotics• Hormonal agents
TOXICITY
• Nausea• Vomiting• Myelosuppression• Mucositis• Alopecia• Gonadal
dysfunction
BIOLOGIC THERAPY
• Immune mediators• Antibodies• Cytokines• Angiogenesis
inhibitors
REFERENCES
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_treatment
• Harrison: Principles of Internal Medicine