textile nanotechnology
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BALASUBRAMANIAM.NM.Tech Nanotechnology
06/03/2013
TEXTILENANOTECHNOLOGY
Applications of Nanotechnology in Textile Industry
An Introduction
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Fibre
Yarn
Fabric
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Spinning
Apparel
Woven Fabric
YarnFibre
Knitted Fabric
Nonwovens and Technical Textiles
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Fibre manufacture
Wet Spinning
Dry spinning
Melt spinning
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Type of fibre Raw material Spinning
technique
Special property Uses as Textiles
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Applications of Nanotechnology in textile industry
Nano fibre production
Nano finishing
Medical Textiles
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UV Filtration textiles
Lotus effect
Flame retardant finishes
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Direct exposure to UV-C energy attacks the DNA of bacteria and other
microorganisms. This energy starts a photochemical reaction that damages the DNA,
destroying the genetic information contained therein. As a result, the organisms lose
their reproductive capacity and are destroyed.
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http://www.t-
pot.eu/docs/HGK/HGK_20090922_5INFMP_Zimniewska_Innovations%20in%20UV%20protection%20by%20tex
tiles.pdf14
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An Important functional dioxide exhibiting excellent photo-catalytic activity
Bio safe and bio compatible. It can be used without coating
Has potential anti-bacterial activity, UV blocking, water repellence property hence it is multifunctional.
The fabric samples were conditioned with 21˚ c and 65% RH
ZnO nanoparticles dispersed on 2-proponal and the fabric samples soaked in the dispersion with magnetic stirring
Excess dispersion solutions padded in a mangle
The fabrics dried @130˚c in an oven
Final washing to remove the remanants
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• Peaks nearly 2350cm-1 and 3450 cm-1
• May be the indication of OH groups
and C=O residue
XRD peak data Analysis
FWHM (∆W) = 0.9 λ / t cos(θB)
∆W obtained= 0.0087 and 0.0107 radians respectively
Using scherrer’s relation, the obtained nanoparticles of 20 5 nm (a) and 10 1 nm (b)
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TEM Image
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UV impact vary between places as it will be absorbed, reflected beck by clouds, ad filtering activity of ozone layer.
UV-C and most of the UV-B are filtered by ozone layer
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Untreated fabrics were tested in UV- Vis Spectroscopy- no specific absorbance found
Untreated polyester fibres shows absorbance in the range of 200nm to 300nm
Treated fabric samples absorbs the entire spectrum
UPF (UV production factor) were assessed for the fabric samples
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Total
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http://www.cryptonfabric.com/How-to-Clean-Mattress.html
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A close look of lotus leaf provides a clue how it is being hydrophobic
http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/nasa-uses-lotus-leaf-as-inspiration-for-space-
gear-dust-repellent.html 30
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Asbestos fibers has been used by ancient romans
In 1735, Wyld recorded a patent of fire retardant finishing of cellulosic materials using aluminium, ferrous and borax
Almost a century later, in1821,Lussac published perhaps the first systematic study of the use of flame retardants (FR).
These ideas laid the foundation for the early theories of flame retardancy of textiles
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Textile Fabric
Combustibles
Heat
Pyrolysis
Combustion
Condensed phase removal mechanisms
Through fibre insulation
Removal of heat from the fibre
Crosslinking and dehydration of the polymer to produce Co2, H2o, Char .
Gas phase flame fighting methods
The flame is controlled by slowing down / blocking the pyrolysis
The flame actually consumes less fuel and generates less heat as the amount of vapor-phase flame retardant is increased.
This decreases the amount of heat returned back to the polymer substrate and slows or halts pyrolysis.
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Nanoparticle coating of Tio2 investigated for durable finishing of the flame retardant textiles.
Nanometer-size TiO2 particles may exhibit many special features due to the fact that the band gap (the distance between the valence band and conduction electron band) increases with the decrease of their size. Also, small TiO2 particles offer very large active surface area.
Research has shown that the vast majority of studies of TiO2 antimicrobials are conducted in solution using suspensions or thin films.
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Nanosols of ceramic components shows wear resistance property and applied abrasion stability
Improved abrasion resistance will result in durability of antyhing coated over the textile surface.
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Nano scale TiO2 can greatly impact the anti aging property of the flame retardant finish by blocking the UV and absorbing
Also it could form an interpenetrating layer on the surface to enhance the resitance of coating to moisture .
Adsorption and absorption of the water will harm the flame retardant finishing
Sols of SiO2 and TiO2 can be used to resist the heat upto 300˚ C.
When the TiO2 is exposed to flame, it can form the ceramic like materials to protect the substrate during the combustion process.
It can also limit the oxygen diffusion to the coated substrate there by destroying the fire triangle.
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Microorganism s are the first form of life over 3 to 4 billion years ago
Almost found everywhere and grow exponentially under favorable conditions
Suitable temperature,Surface,moisture and dust
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http://wthielicke.gmxhome.de/bionik/indexuk.htm
Russell, E., Nanotechnologies and the shrinking world of textiles, Textile Horizons, 2002. 9/10: p.7-9.
Cramer, Dean, R., Ponomarenko, Anatolyevna E., Laurent, S., and Burckett, J.C.T.R., Method of applying nanoparticles, U.S. Pat. No: 6,645,569, 2003
Anonymous, Small-scale technology with the promise of big rewards, Technical Textile sInternational, 2003. 3: p. 13-15.
Xin, J.H., Daoud, W.A., and Kong, Y.Y., A New Approach to UV-Blocking Treatment for Cotton Fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 2004. 74: p. 97-100.
Yeo, S.Y., Lee, H.J., and Jeong, S.H., Preparation of nanocomposite fibers for permanent antibacterial effect, Journal of Materials Science, 2003. 38: p. 2143-2147.
Draper D., Very little to it, World Sports Activewear, 2003. 19: p. 16-17.
Kathiervelu, S.S., Applications of nanotechnology in fibre finishing, Synthetic Fibres, 2003. 32: p. 20-22.
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http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/bitstream/1840.16/6325/1/etd.pdf
http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/handle/1840.16/6325
http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5681/1/5681_3097.PDF
http://textilelearner.blogspot.in/2013/04/application-of-nanotechnology-in.html
http://fys.kuleuven.be/iks/nvsf/experimental-facilities/x-ray-diffraction-2013-bruker-d8-discover
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_protective_clothing
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