BALASUBRAMANIAM.NM.Tech Nanotechnology

06/03/2013

TEXTILENANOTECHNOLOGY

Applications of Nanotechnology in Textile Industry

An Introduction

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Fibre

Yarn

Fabric

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Spinning

Apparel

Woven Fabric

YarnFibre

Knitted Fabric

Nonwovens and Technical Textiles

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Fibre manufacture

Wet Spinning

Dry spinning

Melt spinning

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Type of fibre Raw material Spinning

technique

Special property Uses as Textiles

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Applications of Nanotechnology in textile industry

Nano fibre production

Nano finishing

Medical Textiles

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UV Filtration textiles

Lotus effect

Flame retardant finishes

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Direct exposure to UV-C energy attacks the DNA of bacteria and other

microorganisms. This energy starts a photochemical reaction that damages the DNA,

destroying the genetic information contained therein. As a result, the organisms lose

their reproductive capacity and are destroyed.

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http://www.t-

pot.eu/docs/HGK/HGK_20090922_5INFMP_Zimniewska_Innovations%20in%20UV%20protection%20by%20tex

tiles.pdf14

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An Important functional dioxide exhibiting excellent photo-catalytic activity

Bio safe and bio compatible. It can be used without coating

Has potential anti-bacterial activity, UV blocking, water repellence property hence it is multifunctional.

The fabric samples were conditioned with 21˚ c and 65% RH

ZnO nanoparticles dispersed on 2-proponal and the fabric samples soaked in the dispersion with magnetic stirring

Excess dispersion solutions padded in a mangle

The fabrics dried @130˚c in an oven

Final washing to remove the remanants

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• Peaks nearly 2350cm-1 and 3450 cm-1

• May be the indication of OH groups

and C=O residue

XRD peak data Analysis

FWHM (∆W) = 0.9 λ / t cos(θB)

∆W obtained= 0.0087 and 0.0107 radians respectively

Using scherrer’s relation, the obtained nanoparticles of 20 5 nm (a) and 10 1 nm (b)

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TEM Image

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UV impact vary between places as it will be absorbed, reflected beck by clouds, ad filtering activity of ozone layer.

UV-C and most of the UV-B are filtered by ozone layer

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Untreated fabrics were tested in UV- Vis Spectroscopy- no specific absorbance found

Untreated polyester fibres shows absorbance in the range of 200nm to 300nm

Treated fabric samples absorbs the entire spectrum

UPF (UV production factor) were assessed for the fabric samples

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Total

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http://www.cryptonfabric.com/How-to-Clean-Mattress.html

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A close look of lotus leaf provides a clue how it is being hydrophobic

http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/nasa-uses-lotus-leaf-as-inspiration-for-space-

gear-dust-repellent.html 30

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Asbestos fibers has been used by ancient romans

In 1735, Wyld recorded a patent of fire retardant finishing of cellulosic materials using aluminium, ferrous and borax

Almost a century later, in1821,Lussac published perhaps the first systematic study of the use of flame retardants (FR).

These ideas laid the foundation for the early theories of flame retardancy of textiles

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Textile Fabric

Combustibles

Heat

Pyrolysis

Combustion

Condensed phase removal mechanisms

Through fibre insulation

Removal of heat from the fibre

Crosslinking and dehydration of the polymer to produce Co2, H2o, Char .

Gas phase flame fighting methods

The flame is controlled by slowing down / blocking the pyrolysis

The flame actually consumes less fuel and generates less heat as the amount of vapor-phase flame retardant is increased.

This decreases the amount of heat returned back to the polymer substrate and slows or halts pyrolysis.

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Nanoparticle coating of Tio2 investigated for durable finishing of the flame retardant textiles.

Nanometer-size TiO2 particles may exhibit many special features due to the fact that the band gap (the distance between the valence band and conduction electron band) increases with the decrease of their size. Also, small TiO2 particles offer very large active surface area.

Research has shown that the vast majority of studies of TiO2 antimicrobials are conducted in solution using suspensions or thin films.

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Nanosols of ceramic components shows wear resistance property and applied abrasion stability

Improved abrasion resistance will result in durability of antyhing coated over the textile surface.

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Nano scale TiO2 can greatly impact the anti aging property of the flame retardant finish by blocking the UV and absorbing

Also it could form an interpenetrating layer on the surface to enhance the resitance of coating to moisture .

Adsorption and absorption of the water will harm the flame retardant finishing

Sols of SiO2 and TiO2 can be used to resist the heat upto 300˚ C.

When the TiO2 is exposed to flame, it can form the ceramic like materials to protect the substrate during the combustion process.

It can also limit the oxygen diffusion to the coated substrate there by destroying the fire triangle.

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Microorganism s are the first form of life over 3 to 4 billion years ago

Almost found everywhere and grow exponentially under favorable conditions

Suitable temperature,Surface,moisture and dust

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http://wthielicke.gmxhome.de/bionik/indexuk.htm

Russell, E., Nanotechnologies and the shrinking world of textiles, Textile Horizons, 2002. 9/10: p.7-9.

Cramer, Dean, R., Ponomarenko, Anatolyevna E., Laurent, S., and Burckett, J.C.T.R., Method of applying nanoparticles, U.S. Pat. No: 6,645,569, 2003

Anonymous, Small-scale technology with the promise of big rewards, Technical Textile sInternational, 2003. 3: p. 13-15.

Xin, J.H., Daoud, W.A., and Kong, Y.Y., A New Approach to UV-Blocking Treatment for Cotton Fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 2004. 74: p. 97-100.

Yeo, S.Y., Lee, H.J., and Jeong, S.H., Preparation of nanocomposite fibers for permanent antibacterial effect, Journal of Materials Science, 2003. 38: p. 2143-2147.

Draper D., Very little to it, World Sports Activewear, 2003. 19: p. 16-17.

Kathiervelu, S.S., Applications of nanotechnology in fibre finishing, Synthetic Fibres, 2003. 32: p. 20-22.

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http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/bitstream/1840.16/6325/1/etd.pdf

http://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/ir/handle/1840.16/6325

http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5681/1/5681_3097.PDF

http://textilelearner.blogspot.in/2013/04/application-of-nanotechnology-in.html

http://fys.kuleuven.be/iks/nvsf/experimental-facilities/x-ray-diffraction-2013-bruker-d8-discover

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_protective_clothing

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