solar battery charging - american public transportation … · 2020. 1. 7. · ¢with tsi solar...

SOLAR BATTERY CHARGING

o JumpStarts• Cost• Downtime• Labor/Manpower• Headache

o Roadcalls• Layoverpoints

o BatteryMaintenance• Toomuchenvironmentalwaste

Problem– Jumpstarts&deadbatteries

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o Parasiticloads• Cameras,andcameralights• Farebox• Computers, radios• Controlunits

o Batteries• Leadplatesinanacidbath…• Expensive- AGM• Sensitivetoheatandcold• High loads

• Electricfans,compressors,doors,wipers

BatteryDrain

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2009NewF lyerParas itic L oadTes t12-02-2009

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4

6

8

10

12

14

16

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0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00

Time(min)

Current(A

)

12V

24VR unswitchoff

Doorlightoff,(i.e.cameraorC levertoo)

Unknow,butbehindbatteryswitchDVR

E qualizerdisconnected,batteryswitchon,frontdoorleftopen

(20-30Wattperhour)*

*Constant0.5-0.8Amploadon24Vand0.8-1.2Amploadon12V

2009NewF lyerParas itic L oadTes t12-02-2009

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

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150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 180.00

Time(min)

Current(A

)

12V24V

Batteryswitchoff

F 10C P off(AVA)

F 8AF off(F arebox)

F 8C P off(WR AS )

F 9C P off(AVA)

24Vdisconnected

E qualizerdisconnected,bus s ittingfor2.5hours .T es tingR adioBoxLoads .

Typicalweekend

3

DAYS

BUSISPARKEDFOR35 HOURS,THROUGHASATURDAY &SUNDAY

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o Chemistry

o Batterycycles• StateofCharge

o Charging requirements

• Temperaturedependent

• Multistepcharging

BatteryCharging

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o Keepbatterieschargeduptostartthevehicle

o Increasedchargingfrequencyextendsbatterylife• Higherstateofcharge,longerlife

o Regulatedbatterycharging• Batterieswon’tbeovercharged

• Chargeloadsarebalanced

SOLUTION – Frequent&RegulatedCharging

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o Solarbatterysupplementalcharging

• Solarpanelscanbebulkyenough

tobecomeasafetyhazardon

afastmoving vehicle

• Ortoosmallforheavyduty

application

SolarCharging?

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o Semiflexible,largepanels

• Single170W

o MPPTcharging,

• Programmable fordifferentbatterytypes

o Directconnectiontobatteryswitch(liveside)

o 12Vor24Vchargeability

o Workswithbatteryequalizer

o Installedover300unitso MostlyMarylandTransitAdministration

o OtheragenciesincludeWMATA, SDMTA,MARTA

TSISolarBatteryChargingKit

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o Four(4)buseswereretrofittedwithTSI170

o Four(4)additionalbuseswereselectedfrom

thesamefleettoformacontrolfleet

o InstrumentedbuseswithUSBvoltagedataloggers

o Collecteddataoverthenextseveralmonths

o Buseswith2batteries

TESTSETUP

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TYPICALCONTROLBUS

66

DAYS

DATACOLLECTEDOVER~2 SUNNYMONTHS– BUS08083

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ROADBUMPS

66

DAYS

SEVERALVOLTAGESPIKESANDDROPS,REQUIRINGJUMPSTARTS

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VOLTAGEFALLSBELOW10VDC

3

DAYS

BUSISPARKEDFOR35 HOURS,THROUGHASATURDAY &SUNDAY

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MONDAYMORNINGMAINTENANCE

3

DAYS

ALTERNATORCHARGINGVOLTAGEFORARUNNINGBUSIS13.8VDC

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ANATOMYofa“SPIKE”

9HOURS

37 MINUTESOFDIAGNOSTICTIME,2.5 HOURSOF9LENGINEIDLING

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15 VDC

9LBATTERYCHARGER…

9HOURS

MECHANICSTRYINGTOREVIVE<9VDCBATTERIESFOR38 MINUTES

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JUMPSTARTFREQUENCY

66

DAYS

THEVERYNEXT“SPIKE”IN5DAYS

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WEAKBATTERIES

20HOURS

SIMILAROUTCOME,ONLY2 HOURSOFIDLINGTHISTIME

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ROUTINEJUMPSTARTSandIDLING

66

DAYS

HIGHMAINTENANCE,UNNECESSARYIDLING

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HOWABOUTOTHERBUSES?

66

DAYS

SIMILARRESULTSONOTHERCONTROLBUSES(08082),RAPIDBATTERYDISCHARGES,RESULTINGUNHEALTHYBATTERIES

NEW SET OF BATTERIES INSTALLED

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TESTBUSWITHTSISOLARPANEL

66

DAYS

MUCHMORESTABLEOVERALLVOLTAGEREADINGS

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TESTBUSWITHTSISOLARPANEL

66

DAYS

NODRASTICVOLTAGEDROP,BUTWHATARETHOSE“SPIKES”?

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GOODMORNINGSUNSHINE

1

DAY

MORNINGCHARGEBRINGSTHEBATTERYSOCTO100%

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WEKLYCHARGEOVERVIEW

66

DAYS

DAILYBATTERYTOP-OFF,ASLONGASTHEBUSISPARKEDINTHESUN…

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DAILYCHARGE

4

DAYS

NOJUMPSTARTS,NOUNNECESSARYIDLING,LONGERLIVEDBATTERIES

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¢ WithTSISolarBatteryChargingsystem,eachbuscangenerateupto75kWhofenergyeveryyear

� Equaltochargingthebatteries5Amp for3hours,everyday� Keepsthebatterieshealthier, longer� Support thealternatorcharging� Reducestheneedforidling� Reducesfuelconsumption� Reducesbatterymaintenanceneeds� Reducesfleetcarbonfootprint� Reducesemissions

ENERGYPOTENTIAL

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¢ Fuelsavingsestimate� Eliminating5jumpstartspermonth� Eachbusidles20-30minutesafterjumpstart� Bususes~1gallonsperhourwhileidling

2.1gallonspermonthperbus.25gallonsannually

¢ Annualemissionsavingsestimate[grams] NOx CO PM

Hourly emission 61.11 37.43 1.16

Annual emission 1,529 936 29.0Average Idle Emission Rates for Urban Buses (in grams) from EPA-420-F-08-026 – October 2008

ESTIMATEDFUELANDEMISSIONSAVINGS

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� Annualfuelsavingperbus:$75¢ $3pergallon,25gallonsestimatedannualsavingsperbus

� Annuallaborsavingperbus:$750¢ 15minutesperjumpstart,$50perhourlaborrate,60jumpstartsperyear

� Annualbatterylifesavingsperbus:$600¢ Doublingbatterylife,saving2batterieseveryyearinaverage

RETURNONINVESTMENT

ESTIMATEDANNUALSAVINGPERBUS:$1,425

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Not including equipment downtime costs, operator labor costs etc.

¢ Reducedemissionsduetoreducedidling

¢ Reducedbatteryuse,andrelatedhazardouswaste

¢ Reducedcarbonfootprint

¢ Busreadyforserviceallthetime

¢ Generating75kWperyearofcleanrenewableenergy

¢ Meetanti-idlingregulations

UnquantifiableBenefits

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¢ Doesthedurationofsunexposurechangebenefits?

¢ DoIneedtoinstallfreshsetofbatterieswiththissystem?

¢ Isthisanotherobstacleonrooftoptoworkaround?

¢ Canitgothroughbuswash?

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FrequentlyAskedQuestions?