solar battery charging - american public transportation … · 2020. 1. 7. · ¢with tsi solar...
TRANSCRIPT
SOLAR BATTERY CHARGING
o JumpStarts• Cost• Downtime• Labor/Manpower• Headache
o Roadcalls• Layoverpoints
o BatteryMaintenance• Toomuchenvironmentalwaste
Problem– Jumpstarts&deadbatteries
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o Parasiticloads• Cameras,andcameralights• Farebox• Computers, radios• Controlunits
o Batteries• Leadplatesinanacidbath…• Expensive- AGM• Sensitivetoheatandcold• High loads
• Electricfans,compressors,doors,wipers
BatteryDrain
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2009NewF lyerParas itic L oadTes t12-02-2009
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0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00
Time(min)
Current(A
)
12V
24VR unswitchoff
Doorlightoff,(i.e.cameraorC levertoo)
Unknow,butbehindbatteryswitchDVR
E qualizerdisconnected,batteryswitchon,frontdoorleftopen
(20-30Wattperhour)*
*Constant0.5-0.8Amploadon24Vand0.8-1.2Amploadon12V
2009NewF lyerParas itic L oadTes t12-02-2009
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150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 170.00 175.00 180.00
Time(min)
Current(A
)
12V24V
Batteryswitchoff
F 10C P off(AVA)
F 8AF off(F arebox)
F 8C P off(WR AS )
F 9C P off(AVA)
24Vdisconnected
E qualizerdisconnected,bus s ittingfor2.5hours .T es tingR adioBoxLoads .
Typicalweekend
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DAYS
BUSISPARKEDFOR35 HOURS,THROUGHASATURDAY &SUNDAY
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o Chemistry
o Batterycycles• StateofCharge
o Charging requirements
• Temperaturedependent
• Multistepcharging
BatteryCharging
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o Keepbatterieschargeduptostartthevehicle
o Increasedchargingfrequencyextendsbatterylife• Higherstateofcharge,longerlife
o Regulatedbatterycharging• Batterieswon’tbeovercharged
• Chargeloadsarebalanced
SOLUTION – Frequent&RegulatedCharging
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o Solarbatterysupplementalcharging
• Solarpanelscanbebulkyenough
tobecomeasafetyhazardon
afastmoving vehicle
• Ortoosmallforheavyduty
application
SolarCharging?
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o Semiflexible,largepanels
• Single170W
o MPPTcharging,
• Programmable fordifferentbatterytypes
o Directconnectiontobatteryswitch(liveside)
o 12Vor24Vchargeability
o Workswithbatteryequalizer
o Installedover300unitso MostlyMarylandTransitAdministration
o OtheragenciesincludeWMATA, SDMTA,MARTA
TSISolarBatteryChargingKit
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o Four(4)buseswereretrofittedwithTSI170
o Four(4)additionalbuseswereselectedfrom
thesamefleettoformacontrolfleet
o InstrumentedbuseswithUSBvoltagedataloggers
o Collecteddataoverthenextseveralmonths
o Buseswith2batteries
TESTSETUP
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TYPICALCONTROLBUS
66
DAYS
DATACOLLECTEDOVER~2 SUNNYMONTHS– BUS08083
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ROADBUMPS
66
DAYS
SEVERALVOLTAGESPIKESANDDROPS,REQUIRINGJUMPSTARTS
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VOLTAGEFALLSBELOW10VDC
3
DAYS
BUSISPARKEDFOR35 HOURS,THROUGHASATURDAY &SUNDAY
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MONDAYMORNINGMAINTENANCE
3
DAYS
ALTERNATORCHARGINGVOLTAGEFORARUNNINGBUSIS13.8VDC
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ANATOMYofa“SPIKE”
9HOURS
37 MINUTESOFDIAGNOSTICTIME,2.5 HOURSOF9LENGINEIDLING
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15 VDC
9LBATTERYCHARGER…
9HOURS
MECHANICSTRYINGTOREVIVE<9VDCBATTERIESFOR38 MINUTES
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JUMPSTARTFREQUENCY
66
DAYS
THEVERYNEXT“SPIKE”IN5DAYS
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WEAKBATTERIES
20HOURS
SIMILAROUTCOME,ONLY2 HOURSOFIDLINGTHISTIME
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ROUTINEJUMPSTARTSandIDLING
66
DAYS
HIGHMAINTENANCE,UNNECESSARYIDLING
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HOWABOUTOTHERBUSES?
66
DAYS
SIMILARRESULTSONOTHERCONTROLBUSES(08082),RAPIDBATTERYDISCHARGES,RESULTINGUNHEALTHYBATTERIES
NEW SET OF BATTERIES INSTALLED
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TESTBUSWITHTSISOLARPANEL
66
DAYS
MUCHMORESTABLEOVERALLVOLTAGEREADINGS
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TESTBUSWITHTSISOLARPANEL
66
DAYS
NODRASTICVOLTAGEDROP,BUTWHATARETHOSE“SPIKES”?
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GOODMORNINGSUNSHINE
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DAY
MORNINGCHARGEBRINGSTHEBATTERYSOCTO100%
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WEKLYCHARGEOVERVIEW
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DAYS
DAILYBATTERYTOP-OFF,ASLONGASTHEBUSISPARKEDINTHESUN…
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DAILYCHARGE
4
DAYS
NOJUMPSTARTS,NOUNNECESSARYIDLING,LONGERLIVEDBATTERIES
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¢ WithTSISolarBatteryChargingsystem,eachbuscangenerateupto75kWhofenergyeveryyear
� Equaltochargingthebatteries5Amp for3hours,everyday� Keepsthebatterieshealthier, longer� Support thealternatorcharging� Reducestheneedforidling� Reducesfuelconsumption� Reducesbatterymaintenanceneeds� Reducesfleetcarbonfootprint� Reducesemissions
ENERGYPOTENTIAL
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¢ Fuelsavingsestimate� Eliminating5jumpstartspermonth� Eachbusidles20-30minutesafterjumpstart� Bususes~1gallonsperhourwhileidling
2.1gallonspermonthperbus.25gallonsannually
¢ Annualemissionsavingsestimate[grams] NOx CO PM
Hourly emission 61.11 37.43 1.16
Annual emission 1,529 936 29.0Average Idle Emission Rates for Urban Buses (in grams) from EPA-420-F-08-026 – October 2008
ESTIMATEDFUELANDEMISSIONSAVINGS
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� Annualfuelsavingperbus:$75¢ $3pergallon,25gallonsestimatedannualsavingsperbus
� Annuallaborsavingperbus:$750¢ 15minutesperjumpstart,$50perhourlaborrate,60jumpstartsperyear
� Annualbatterylifesavingsperbus:$600¢ Doublingbatterylife,saving2batterieseveryyearinaverage
RETURNONINVESTMENT
ESTIMATEDANNUALSAVINGPERBUS:$1,425
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Not including equipment downtime costs, operator labor costs etc.
¢ Reducedemissionsduetoreducedidling
¢ Reducedbatteryuse,andrelatedhazardouswaste
¢ Reducedcarbonfootprint
¢ Busreadyforserviceallthetime
¢ Generating75kWperyearofcleanrenewableenergy
¢ Meetanti-idlingregulations
UnquantifiableBenefits
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¢ Doesthedurationofsunexposurechangebenefits?
¢ DoIneedtoinstallfreshsetofbatterieswiththissystem?
¢ Isthisanotherobstacleonrooftoptoworkaround?
¢ Canitgothroughbuswash?
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FrequentlyAskedQuestions?