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Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids

David Mall

Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015

Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada

September 16, 2015

Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 2

Saft. A world leader for advanced and innovative applications

Sa#  is  the  world’s  leading  designer,  developer  and  manufacturer  of  advanced  technology  ba;eries  for  industrial  and  defense  applica<ons.    The  Group  is  implemen<ng  its  strategy  for  high  technology  lithium-­‐ion  ba;eries  for  clean  vehicles  and  energy  storage  systems.  

With  over  4,000  employees  worldwide,    Sa#  is  present  in  18  countries  

Mature, reliable technology

Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 3

n  #1 worldwide in Li-ion satellite batteries

n  Mercedes S400 hybrid n  First production vehicle with

Li-ion

n  Ferrari F1 KERS (and 4 other teams)

n  F-35 Joint Strike Fighter

n  Airbus A350 XWB

Intensium Max Containerized Systems

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n  Intensium Max for ancillary services and renewables smoothing

n  20-foot ISO containers

n  Flexible power-to-energy ratio

n  Integrated Power Conversion System

n  Allows for maximum flexibility n  Transportation

n  Siting

IM20E IM+20E IM20M IM+20M IM20P

Power (kW) 900 500 1100 2000 1600

Energy (kWh) 620 1000 580 950 420

NTPC Colville Lake Microgrid

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n  30-50 kW base load; 150 kW peak

n  Diesel fuel delivery only by ice road n  Cost of generation ~$2.60 / kWh!

n  New power station n  2 x 100 kW diesels + 150 kW diesel

n  50 kW PV installed in 2014, expanded in 2015

n  Without storage a diesel must run 24 / 7 n  Covering sudden PV ramps

n  PV curtailment likely in order to run diesel efficiently

n  No possibility to cover entire load with PV

Battery Energy Storage System

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n  Energy storage added to maximize fuel savings

n  Saft provided an Intensium Max 20M Battery Energy Storage System containing 200 kW / 231 kWh with internal PCS

n  BESS allows network operation without diesels n  Voltage-source 4-quadrant PCS sets frequency and voltage n  Allows PV array to be sized larger than connected loads

Optimizing PV Size

Hybrid Energy Innovations 2015; Remote Microgrid Case Study - Colville Lake, NT 7

n  Used NTPC-supplied load and Enphase-supplied PV data

n  System modeling used to analyze PV size vs. fuel savings

n  Diesel consumption begins to level out at PV output factor >2.5

n  Recommended PV expansion to ~130 kW n  Based on just avoiding PV curtailment on average production day

Importance of modeling

n  Modeling allows fuel savings to be quantified

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65% fuel saved

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High PV Generation Average PV Generation No PV generation

Managing PV curtailment

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n  Use of Enphase microinverters with no central controller n  Normal curtailment is via frequency droop

n  Curtailment needed when battery reaches full state of charge n  Frequency droop control not possible without

rotating equipment on the network n  Curtailment managed by switching off array

sections

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Scalability and Flexibility – Colville Lake BESS Expansion

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n  System is designed for expandability n  Battery container designed to accommodate doubling energy to 462 kWh n  Further reduce PV curtailment and fuel consumption n  Deployment of wind turbines also a possibility

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Battery  configuration   4  ESSUs   8  ESSUs  

Load  kWh   2530  Diesel-­‐only   fuel  consumption   (gal)   217.6  PV  total  (kWh)   2008  PV  curtailment   (kWh)   359   140  PV  net  (kWh)   1649   1868  PV  %  of  load   65%   74%  Diesel  fuel  consumption   (gal)   60.0   53.8    

4 ESSU’s

8 ESSU’s

Scalability & Flexibility: Kotzebue Electric Association Microgrid

Renewables in Remote Microgrids 2015; Saft Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage for Remote Microgrids 11

n  KEA operates a remote microgrid, disconnected from main grid, above the arctic circle in Alaska’s Northwest Arctic Borough

n  Serving approximately 840 members; generating over 18 million kWh / year

n  Average load 2.5MW, 3.7MW peak

n  Power provided by Wind-diesel hybrid power system n  5 engine/generator sets with an available output of 9.8MW

n  19 wind turbines with 2.94MW generating capacity; about 4 million kWh / year

n  Objectives: n  Maximize Use of Wind / Minimize curtailments

n  Maximize Diesel Efficiency / minimize diesel consumption

n  Minimize Diesel starts

n  Saft provided a 1225kW / 950 kWh Battery Energy Storage System n  Intensium Max+ 20M container

n  External 1.225MVA ABB Power Conversion System

Thanks for listening!

n  Success in Colville Lake will pave the way to similar systems to be installed in other remote communities

n  david.mall@saftbatteries.com

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