estes park fort collins longmont loveland renewable energy generation – a local perspective –...
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Estes Park
Fort Collins
Longmont
Loveland
Renewable Energy Generation
– A Local Perspective –National League of Cities – EENR CommitteeSeptember 5, 2014
The Energy We Live By™
2
Local/Regional Governance
Estes Park Fort Collins Longmont Loveland
Mayor Bill Pinkham
Mr. Reuben Bergsten
Mayor Karen Weitkunat
Mr. Gerry Horak
Mayor Dennis Coombs
Mr. Tom Roiniotis
Mayor Cecil Gutierrez
Mr. Steve Adams
Platte River Board of Directors
3
Residential
Small Business
Large Business
DistributionTransmissionGeneration
Customers
Estes ParkFort CollinsLongmontLoveland
Platte River Power Authority• Not for profit• Joint Ownership • Wholesale Market Participant
Local Electric System Partnership
Changing Boundaries
4
Price
Growth
Technology Evolution
5
NREL
Existing Wholesale Generation Resources
5 Craig Coal Rawhide Coal
Rawhide Gas Turbines(simple cycle)
Hydropower(multiple sites)
Wind (multiple sites)
6
6
Demand Side Management ResourcesEn
ergy
Sav
ings
(MW
h) Investment (m
illions)
http://efficiencyworks.CO
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• About 5% system energy savings to date (all measured programs)• Low cost vs. generation
Availability Comparison
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Coal Gas Biomass Wind Hydro Solar
8
Integration needed tomaintain reliability
• Existing technology (short term)• New technology (long term)
Renewable Energy Source Trends
19961998
20002002
20042006
20082010
20122014
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
Total RenewablesHydroWind & Solar
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y (M
Wh)
Close to30% renewables(average water)
60 MW wind &30 MW solar
planned(2014/2015)
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First Utility ScaleWind in Region
• No Federal RES (yet)• State standards influence planning• CO – most hydro “not renewable”
Platte River System
Regional Wind Resources
MedicineBow
SpringCanyon
SilverSage
10
Additional purchasesfrom KS and OK
Lessons:• Economy of scale (significant)• Geographic diversity (limited for these sites)• Incentives favor taxable entities• Operation & maintenance cost escalation• Maintenance provider quality (outsource?)• Transmission constraints• Market timing – monitor trends
Spring Canyon Site(New 60 MW in 2014)
11
Wind Operations Considerations• Low availability during peak periods
• Lower production in summer season than winter (summer peaking system)
• Average generation rate of ~ 35% (capacity factor)
• Newer generation ~ 40% +
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Load
Wind
• Intermittent supply
• Forecasting challenges
• Requires balancing and regulation
• Need new integration resource(s): – Regional purchase (balancing authority) – Local system utility scale (wholesale)
– Local distributed scale (retail)
12
Wind output at system peak hour
2014 Solar RFP
• Many years of study/estimates• Seeking firm price bids• 30 MW maximum size (Phase I)• Pricing for range of sizes (5–30 MW)• Photovoltaic technology• Fixed and tracking mountings• Degradation/output warranties• Lots of other details• Sale to all Municipalities• RFP released in late September
13
Siting Considerations
Large area needed (5 to 10 acres per MW)• Land use/permitting requirements• Transmission cost can be avoided• Local interconnection limits
14
Municipal Solar Programs:• Focused on photovoltaic (PV)• Feed-in tariff design ~ 5 MW• Other programs ~ 3 MW
Office Complex System:• Still running after 27 years• Supported CSU students and
research projects over time• Charged fleet electric vehicles
15
Distributed Solar
15
Solar Hot Water
16
“THERMAL” SOLAR SYSTEMS• Still an option!• Many local dealers• Tax credits available (thru 2016)• Homes & businesses• Support many of the same goals as
electric systems• Some Municipalities provide natural
gas service• Part of overall energy system
RBI Solar
Distributed Renewable Energy
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400
Size
(MW
)
• Existing – all four communities• ~ 420 systems (electric)• Total of about 3 MW (3,000 kW)• Largest = 180 kW• Smallest = 0.7 kW• Six small wind turbines/rest are PV solar• New programs adding more systems• Significantly higher cost than large scale• Can provide other “local” value
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 230%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Solar OutputCity Load
Solar Generation at Time of Peak
Solar Peak(noon)
Hours in a day
System Peak(typically 4-6 pm)Av
erag
e Ju
ly D
ay O
utpu
t
• Intermittent supply• Higher in summer• ~ 18% capacity factor• Fast drop off• Need new integration
resource
18
Solar “Duck Curve”
SMUD (California)
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Renewable Resource Integration OptionNatural Gas – Combined Cycle
Considerations
• Improved efficiency
• Lower emissions
• Flexible modes – simple cycle or
combined cycle
• Optional configurations
• Variable operation to integrate intermittent renewable sources
• Added costs
Example – General Electric
3420
Other Options: • Distributed generation (firm)• Storage technology?• Demand response?
ReBus
Micro and Macro IntegrationDown to the Home
(Micro Grids)
Up to the Western Grid(Energy Imbalance Markets)
PacifiCorp
• Renewables integration at every level• Complex system planning• Coordination/collaboration needed• Stakeholder communications critical
21
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Existing Resources(average)
Combined Cycle Gas
Wind
Hydropower
Biomass
Solar (PV)
Cost ($/MWh)
Costs for New Resource Options
U.S. average – Energy Information Administration 2013http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/er/pdf/electricity_generation.pdf
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0
50
100
150
200
250
Solar cost(with ITC/AD)
Wind cost(with PTC)
Retail rate(average)
Wholesale rate
(average)
Solar value Wind value
$/M
Wh
Local Cost Comparisons
23
PRELIMINARY
Key Points:• Does not include CO2 charges/other external costs• Federal incentives ~ 30-40% of renewable cost (included)• Size has significant impact on cost• Transmission and integration costs ~ 30% for wind• Costs are very site specific• Renewable costs dropping (solar more so than wind)• Costs of other resources increasing (capital, fuel + O&M)• Renewable value increasing• Net metering – cost recovery considerations
• 2014 Strategic Plan• 2012 Integrated Resource Plan• 2009 Climate Action Plan
(Click on “Plans” tab)
Planning for the Future
http://www.prpa.org/
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Key Initiatives:• Collaboration & Communication• Resource Portfolio Diversification• Technological Innovation
• Safety• Exceptional Customer Service• Operational Excellence• Compliance Assurance• Financial Stability• Employee Engagement
Estes Park
Fort Collins
Longmont
Loveland
Questions/Discussion?
25
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