communicative competence and systemic functional model of language hagustien@yahoo.com

Communicative Competence and Systemic Functional Model of Language

hagustien@yahoo.com

Why we need a CC model

Celce-Murcia et al.’s effort has been motivated by the belief in the potential in the direct, explicit approach to the teaching of communicative skills, which would require a detailed description of what CC entails in order to use the sub-components as a content base in syllabus design.(p.6)

Competence

DiscourseCompetence

Linguistic Comp.. Actional Comp.

Socio –Cultural Comp.

Strategic Competence

What does CC entail?

• Discourse Competence• Linguistic Competence• Actional Competence• Socio-cultural

Competence• Strategic Competence

(p.10)

Discourse Competence

Discourse competence concerns the selection, sequencing, and arrangement of words, structures, sentences and utterance to achieve a unified spoken or written text. (p.13)

Components of Discourse Competence

• COHESION Reference, Substutition, Conjuction, Lexical Chains• DEIXES Personal pronouns, Spatial, Temporal, Textual

• COHERENCE Thematization, Management of old and new information

• GENRE/GENERIC STRUCTURENarrative, Report, service encounter, etc.

• CONVERSATIONAL STRUCTUREHow to perform opening, hold the floor, adjacency pairs, etc.

What do we develop?

• The ability to participate in discourse, or• The ability to communicate, or• The ability to create spoken and written

texts, or• The ability to negotiate meanings, or• The ability to exchange nuances of

meanings

Linguistic Competence

• Syntax

• Morphology

• Lexicon

• Phonology

• Orthography

Actional Competence

• Interpersonal Exchange• Information• Opinions• Feelings• Suasion• Problems• Future Scenario

Sociocultural Competence

• Social Contextual Factors

• Stylistic Appropriateness Factors

• Cultural Factors

• Non-Verbal Communicative Factors

Strategic Competence

• Avoidance or Reduction Strategies• Achievement or Compensatory Str.• Stalling or Time-Gaining Str.• Self-Monitoring Str.• Interactional Str.

The Nature of the CC Model

• Pedagogically motivated (Celce-Murcia)• Sociocultural theory of language / Language

as communication (Halliday)• Constructivism in sociocultural tradition

(Vygotsky)• Literacy in ELT (Kern)

TEXT

CULTURE

Genre (Purpose)

Situation

Who is involved?

(Tenor)

Subject matter Channel

(Field) (Mode)

Register

Ideational

InterpersonalTextual

Discourse Semantic Level

Lexicogrammatical

Level

Phonology/

Graphology

Level

CULTURAL LEVEL

Syarat pengembangan Syarat pengembangan kompetensi komunikatifkompetensi komunikatif

Scaffolding Talks:Scaffolding Talks:Bahasa yang digunakan guru dalam Bahasa yang digunakan guru dalam

mengelola proses pembelajaran mengelola proses pembelajaran sebagai sebagai

language accompanying action.language accompanying action.

Zone of Proximal Development

Independent

Learning zone

Interactive

discourse

Teacherintervention

Peer-peerinteraction

Peran guruPeran guruMenciptakan pengalaman Menciptakan pengalaman pembelajaranpembelajaran

Merancang kegiatanMerancang kegiatan

Merancang komunikasiMerancang komunikasi

Berperan sebagai “ibu” Berperan sebagai “ibu” dalam pemerolehan bahasa dalam pemerolehan bahasa alamiahalamiah

Learning ExperiencesLearning Experiences

Literacy PrinciplesLiteracy Principles

• InterpretationInterpretation

• CollaborationCollaboration

• ConventionConvention

• Cultural KnowledgeCultural Knowledge

• Problem solvingProblem solving

• ReflectionReflection

• Language useLanguage use

LiteracyLiteracy LevelsLevels

•Performative LevelPerformative Level

•Functional LevelFunctional Level

•Informational LevelInformational Level

•Epistemic LevelEpistemic Level

SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGESPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGECONTINUUM CONTINUUM

Most Spoken Most Written

Spoken Language

Written Language

Language accompanying action Language as reflection

Spoken & Written LanguageSpoken & Written Language

SpokenSpoken: : * * Language as Language as exchangeexchange* * About About YOUYOU and and II

WrittenWritten::* * Language as Language as representationrepresentation

* About* About othersothers

What do people do when What do people do when communicating?communicating?

•They exchange They exchange meaningsmeanings..

How do we negotiate?How do we negotiate?

•InterpersonallyInterpersonally

•LogicosemanticallyLogicosemantically

Where in the sentence does Where in the sentence does interpersonal meaning interpersonal meaning

reside?reside?• In the In the MoodMood area area

Mood = Subject + FiniteMood = Subject + FiniteMood expresses:Mood expresses:•AttitudesAttitudes•FeelingsFeelings•JudgementJudgement •Etc.Etc.

Negotiating interpersonallyNegotiating interpersonally

A : A : I amI am sleepy.sleepy.B : B : Are you?Are you?

C : C : I loveI love her. her.D : D : You do, don’t youYou do, don’t you..

E : E : I cleanedI cleaned the room! the room!D : D : No, you didn’tNo, you didn’t!!

When is When is interpersonalinterpersonal negotiation dominant?negotiation dominant?

•In In sustained casual sustained casual conversationsconversations

* Chatting* Chatting

* Gossiping* Gossiping

* Killing the time* Killing the time

Negotiating Negotiating logicosemanticallylogicosemantically

A : I am A : I am sleepysleepy..

B : B : Sleepy or hungrySleepy or hungry??

A : A : BothBoth, actually., actually.

C : C : WhatWhat’s your name?’s your name?

D : D : HartatiHartati

C : C : WhereWhere do you live? do you live?

D : D : Jalan DiponegoroJalan Diponegoro..

When isWhen is logicosemantic logicosemantic negotiation dominant?negotiation dominant?

•In In transactional transactional conversationsconversations

* * Giving /demanding Giving /demanding informationinformation* * Giving’demanding goods Giving’demanding goods and servicesand services

Negotiation in WritingNegotiation in Writing

•Focused on Focused on old and new old and new informationinformation

•Focused on Focused on Theme and Theme and RhemeRheme

Old and Old and New New InformationInformationOnce upon a time, Once upon a time, there was an old lady.there was an old lady.

She She was very poor, but she was happywas very poor, but she was happy..

She She had a handsome son called Ande-Ande had a handsome son called Ande-Ande LumutLumut..

He He was a fine young man.was a fine young man.

Many girls likedMany girls liked him him..

NegotiationNegotiation is is

* * The Communication EngineThe Communication Engine

* * The key to discourse The key to discourse competencecompetence

Good Luck!Good Luck!