al shindagah issue 115
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Happy New Year to all our readers. What a great start to the year! Dubai and the UAE have got off to a flying start following Dubaiโs successful bid to host the 2020 World Expo. (Page 2). Dubai has stolen the limelight at other international events on home groundโฆ we saw record deals at the Dubai Air Show โ which saw regional carriers spending billions, and Al Habtoor Motors dominated the Dubai International Auto Show โ introducing two new brands to the UAE market. Britainโs Right Honourable Baroness Sayeeda Warsi tells Al Shindagah about her plans to build โBrand Islamโ โ and make the UK the โpreferred choiceโ for Muslims to invest in. (Page 18). And the Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation celebrates its first anniversary. We look at some of the projects its has embarked on over its first 12 months in operation. (Page 22). Amerciaโs closest regional ally โ Saudi Arabia โ is considering a โmajor shiftโ away from the US.TRANSCRIPT
CONTENTS
PUBLISHED BY Al Habtoor Group LLC PO Box 25444, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Tel: +971 4 394 1444 Email: [email protected] Website: www.alshindagah.com
Habtoor Grand Beach Resort & SpaMetropolitan Palace HotelMetropolitan Deira HotelMetropolitan Catering ServicesHilton Beirut Habtoor Grand HotelHilton Beirut Metropolitan Palace HotelLe Mรฉridien Budapest HotelAl Habtoor Motors LLCDiamondlease LLCEmirates International School, JumeirahEmirates International School, MeadowsWebsite: www.habtoor.com
CHAIRMANโS MESSAGE02 We did it! Dubai wins Expo 2020
POLITICS 04 Is the US plotting regional mayhem? 06 Americaโs dalliance with Iran alienates Middle East allies
08 Al Qaeda's continued existence is unexplained
10 The foibles of despotic dictators
12 Pie in the Sky? 14 Nelson Mandela (1918-2013)
AVIATION 16 Multi-billion dollar deals
INTERVIEW18 Building brand Islam
PHILANTHROPHY 22 Giving back
AL HABTOOR MOTORS24 Dubai International Motor
Show
INVESTMENT 26 Investment predictions for 2014
AHG NEWS28 Al Habtoor meets HRH Prince Alwaleed29 Chairman receives letter from
Saudiโs Prince Faisal Al Habtoor welcomes
Germanyโs Ambassador to UAE30 KAHF sponsors 1st ever
Encyclopedia of Mosques in the UAE
31 Autobiography wins prestigious award
32 EIS shows EXPO support National Day celebrations
SPORTS33 16th Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge
PHOTOGRAPHERSJoanne ColeAndrew ParsonsDigitalEye StudioExpo 2020 (Cover Image)
EDITORโS LETTER
Happy New Year to all our readers. What a great start to the year! Dubai and the UAE have got off to a f lying start following Dubaiโs successful bid to host the 2020 World Expo. (Page 2).
Dubai has stolen the limelight at other international events on home groundโฆ we saw record deals at the Dubai Air Show โ which saw regional carriers spending billions, and Al Habtoor Motors dominated the Dubai International Auto Show โ introducing two new brands to the UAE market.
Britainโs Right Honourable Baroness Sayeeda Warsi tells Al Shindagah about her plans to build โBrand Islamโ โ and make the UK the โpreferred choiceโ for Muslims to invest in. (Page 18).
And the Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation celebrates its first anniversary. We look at some of the projects its has embarked on over its first 12 months in operation. (Page 22).
Amerciaโs closest regional ally โ Saudi Arabia โ is considering a โmajor shiftโ away from the US, putting an end to a partnership that has been around since the 1930s. But what are the ramifications on foreign policy and the weapons and oil markets? (Page 6).
And, we pay our respects to the late, great liberator of the 20th Century - Nelson Mandela. (Page 14).
Enjoy the issue!
Joanna AndrewsEditor-in-Chief
VICE CHAIRMAN & CEOMohammed K. Al Habtoor
EDITOR-IN-CHIEFJoanna Andrews
ART MANAGERGilda Castro Rios
AL SHINDAGAH COMMITTEEMaan Halabi Paul RaynerSanjeev AgarwalaNoura BadawiMohammed Younes
MEDIA RELATIONSRadwa WagdiLiezl Reamillo Lumanlan
TRANSLATORNisrine Nader
CONTRIBUITING WRITERSLinda S HeardPaul Findley
Al Shindagah 2 Issue 115
CHAIRMAN'S MESSAGE
Once again, the UAE celebrates another historical first. Dubai has beaten back bids from three contenders โ Ekaterinburg, Russia; Izmir, Turkey and Sao Paulo, Brazil โ to host Expo 2020, the greatest World Fair on earth on the eve of the UAEโs 50th National Day. This will be the first ever Expo to be held in the MENASA (Middle East, North Africa and South Asia) area and the fact that Dubai was selected is a source of pride not only for the people of the UAE and GCC States, but also for the entire Arab World. Dubai never does anything by halves so exhibitors and visitors should anticipate a spectacular event in a vibrant futuristic metropolis that never ceases to break through glass ceilings and surpass all expectations.
Dubaiโs winning theme is โConnecting Minds, Creating the Futureโ which focuses on Opportunity (New paths to Economic Development), Mobility (New systems of Logistics and Transportation) and Sustainability (Intelligent Sources of Energy and Water). Its expected legacy will be innovation, economic opportunity, increased cultural awareness โ and the creation of 270,000 new jobs in Dubai, benefitting Emiratis and expatriates alike.
The driving force behind Dubaiโs never-ending thrust towards
excellence is the extraordinary vision of HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai. Like his father, Sheikh Rashid, heโs always dreamt big dreams for the emirate he loves and inevitably translates those dreams into reality. Sheikh Mohammedโs well laid out plan for Expo 2020 is just one chapter in his roadmap for the future of our emirate that is already an acclaimed world capital for investment, tourism, economy and hospitality. Kudos must also go to the various government bodies that have played a huge role in bringing Expo 2020 to the UAE by coordinating and unifying their efforts to showcase Dubaiโs unique gifts to decision-makers at the Bureau of International Expositions in Paris.
Over these past weeks when Dubai was abuzz with โwill we or wonโt weโ speculation, I had few doubts about our ultimate success โ and neither did Georgi Kantchev, who wrote an article in the New York Times tapping Dubai as the frontrunner, because it offered โthe most financial and governmental supportโ while โpolitical tensionsโ in Russia and Turkey were likely to dash their hopes.
From my perspective, it was almost a non-contest when Dubai has an amazing track record of hosting world class exhibitions attracting millions of international visitors, such as the
We did it!
Al Shindagah 3 Issue 115
million visitors. The World Expo held in Chicago in 1933 was a catalyst for the cityโs transformation into one of Americaโs most important. Expo 2000 hosted by the German city of Hanover was a boom for the country, creating 100,000 jobs and boosting investments. Italy is set to be the host nation for Expo 2015 scheduled to take place in Milan from May 1 to October 31 at which Dubai will erect one of the largest pavilions designed to represent desert dunes.
There is much work ahead but failure doesnโt exist in the UAEโs lexicon where coming second best is not an option. Young Ali, an Emirati boy whose grandfather was a pearl diver, says it best in a short clip produced to promote Dubaiโs bid, โDubai is a place that is clean, healthy and fun โ a perfect place to bring together the worldโs best brains. Expos introduce incredible things to the world. Itโs the UAEโs turn to amaze the world. People from 200 nationalities live here. Over 15 million came through Dubai last year and we know how to welcome them. We connect with the world. Dubai will stage an Expo the world will never forget.โ And so we will!
Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor(Published in the media on Nov. 28, 2013)
annual Dubai Shopping Festival, the Global Village, the Gulf Film Festival, the Arabian Travel Market, GITEX, the Dubai International Motor Show, the world richest horserace - the Dubai World Cup, and of course, the bi-annual Dubai Air Show. Dubai is now a byword for the finest hospitality, thanks to its unbeatable infrastructure, ease of transport, top rated hotels, restaurants, shopping, sports and entertainment.
Scheduled to run during the cooler season - from October 20, 2020 until April 10, 2021 โ Expo 2020, to be sited on 438 hectares at the World Trade Centre โ Jebel Ali, will be an opportunity for the estimated 25 million participants/visitors to enjoy every aspect of this great multi-cultural city when the mercury dips to its lowest levels. More importantly, the UAE is one of the worldโs safest places enjoying political stability and low crime rates.
Expo 2020 will not put Dubai on the map โ it already looms large as a business, tourism and shopping destination. Dubai has proven its
worth over and over again and will keep on growing. But winning such a prestigious exposition is a global affirmation that weโre on a fast track to greater heights and are more than capable of seamlessly organising this mega event and of hosting millions of attendees in first class style.
Iโm convinced that Expo 2020 will go down in the history books as a milestone. The
first ever โ โGreat Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nationsโ - was held in London in 1981 to display the achievements of the Industrial Revolution. The 1900 Exposition Universal in Paris โEvaluation of a Centuryโ highlighted new technologies including escalators, diesel engines, talking movies, Ferris wheels and the Eiffel Tower, attracting over 48
Al Habtoor Group employees celebrate UAE National Day at the Group Head Office
โIโm convinced that Expo 2020
will go down in the history books as a milestone. The first ever - Great Exhibition of the
Works of Industry of all Nationsโ
POLIT ICS
Is the USplotting regional mayhem?
By Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor
Al Shindagah 4 Issue 115
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Somethingโs cooking in the White House and the aroma drifting towards Saudi Arabia, Gulf States and Egypt is far from pleasant. America is one of our closest Western allies, or so weโre meant to believe. Recent disclosures suggest otherwise. The Obama Administrationโs policy vis-ร -vis the Middle East and the Gulf lacks transparency and is marked by contradiction and confusion - perhaps deliberately so. This column aims at giving you a clearer picture.
One of my biggest fears may be close to realisation. For years, Iโve been warning about a future unholy alliance between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran to the detriment of GCC States in numerous articles. Under the title โAre Sunnis victims of a new Great Gameโ, published in April 2012, I wrote,โThere is a credible school of thought that Washingtonโs long-term agenda revolves around luring Iran into its camp on the premise that Arab Shiites would followโฆ In theory, Washington would like to appoint a powerful entity like Iran as its proxy regional caretaker just as the Shah was
until he suffered delusions of grandeur. But, first of all, it would be obliged to throw predominately Sunni states under a bus.โ
A year ago, when Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was still spouting his unhinged rants, some readers may have found the above analysis hard to believe, even though a US rapprochement with Iran has long been promoted by various US think tanks as well as prominent American writers, analysts and politicians, including John Kerry. Youโll recall that President Obama pledged to reach out to Iranians during his first term, saying the US wanted to end the strained relationship. That approach failed, mostly because a US president canโt engage in photo-ops with a Holocaust denier without locking horns with the pro-Israel lobby.
Then along comes Hassan Rouhani who worked his treacle-coated magic when, hey presto, he makes history as the first Iranian leader to have a phone conversation with a US president since 1979. Obamaโs National Security Adviser Susan Rice says normalisation of US-Iranian relations could ensue. King
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia is not amused while Israelโs Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu is practically foaming at the mouth calling Rouhani a wolf in sheepโs clothing.
Not only is Obama alienating his traditional allies with his bearded new best friend, heโs astounded Egyptians by showing support for the Muslim Brotherhood and condemning the interim government for arresting its leaders. Thereโs a belief among Egyptians that the US president funded the Muslim Brotherhoodโs campaign prior to last yearโs elections in connection with some kind of deal. Conspiracy theory! I thought so until I read an article in the World Tribune some days ago quoting former US Joint Chiefs Chairman General Hugh Shelton, who revealed to Fox News that the Obama Administration had been working towards destabilising Egypt and Bahrain for the last two years.
โHad Gen. Al Sisi not deposed Morsi, Egypt would have today become another Syria and its military would have been destroyed,โ Shelton is quoted as saying. As for Bahrain, he explains that โAmerica thought Bahrain was an
Al Shindagah 5 Issue 115
easy prey that will serve as a key to the collapse of the GCC regime and lead to giant oil companies controlling oil in the Gulf.โ He says the plot was foiled by the Bahraini King when he invited Saudi Arabia to assist in quelling the mutiny. If true, this is outrageous and cannot under any circumstances be forgotten or forgiven, especially when US intervention has placed Iraq under Tehranโs sway and bequeathed Libya to feuding militias while leaving Iranโs minion Bashar Al Assad free to continue his genocidal war against non-Shiites.
His Highness King Hamad may be taking Gen. Sheltonโs words seriously. An article by Zuhair Centav maintains the US has put pressure on the King to remove the Prime Minister, Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, from office in keeping with the demands of Shiite insurgents, thus handing the rabble rousers โ and by extension Iran โ a victory.
Itโs notable that [last Saturday], the Bahraini Prime Minister was enthusiastic about the formation of a Gulf Union while urging Gulf States to close the door on foreign interference. Just days before the Prime Ministerโs announcement, King Hamad visited Egypt for talks with the Interim President, Adly Mansour to โfoster coordination and consultations among Egypt, Bahrain and the GCCโ. The King underlined his support for Egypt in various fields and an agreement was reached on a comprehensive strategy for Arab national security via military and security panels.
Is the picture becoming clearer?
Iโve said it before and Iโll say it again and again. GCC leaders must wake up to the looming danger. The countdown has started; the US/Iranian plan is about to be implemented. A serious plan of
action is urgently required. Firstly, together, GCC states are
strong enough to stand alone, both economically and militarily, and should not permit foreign powers to make decisions for them.
Secondly, the GCC should diversify its weapons with purchases from different countries, rather than be vulnerable
to the whims of one thatโs rapidly losing trust and conduct international relations like business ventures, with confi-hhhdence, vision and planning.
Thirdly, Gulf states should take a leaf out of Iranโs strategic book by offering material support to the Iranian opposition, not just the Ahwazi Arabs but also Iranians seeking freedom from oppression. Give Iranโs government a
taste of the same turbulent medicine it metes out to its neighbours. Internally weakened, its attention will be diverted from mischief-making abroad and
hopefully it will implode from within. Fourthly, the GCC must cease
following Western diktats. We should only accept โadviceโ we consider beneficial and which syncs with our own national interests. If we donโt display self-confidence and strength, no
nation will respect us. Lastly, GCC rulers should encourage
their peoples to have a say in decisions that affect their future and feel they are being respected as patriots loyal to the country they love. When governments and citizens are one hand, no foreign plot can succeed in driving a wedge between them.
In the meantime, accusations of US plots should be thoroughly investigated and guarded against. As an old Scottish saying goes โFalse friends are worse than bitter enemies.โ
(Published in the media on Oct. 9, 2013)
โGCC states are strong enough to stand alone, both economically and
militarily, and should not permit foreign powers to
make decisions for themโ
US Ambassador Susan Rice
Iran's new leader Hassan Rouhani
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Al Shindagah 6 Issue 115
Americaโs
Middle East allies
POLIT ICS
against the international communityโs impotence and for rightly demanding a shake-up of the UN Security Council, a call echoed by the Arab League, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC), the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and Turkey. The Saudi authorities did well not to participate in a charade to keep up the Councilโs numbers when the UNSC can be paralysed by any one of its five veto-holders.
Washington has been hammering nails in the coffin of US-GCC relations since it failed to support Saudi-Gulf military intervention in Bahrain to thwart a violent Iran-backed insurgency. Its punitive measures against Egyptโs army, pitted against Muslim Brotherhood rioters and terrorist groups in Sinai, has been seen as another slap to Saudi, the UAE and Kuwait, morally and financially invested in the most populated Arab countryโs security and stability.
Without question, the most destructive nail of all has been the US Administrationโs flirtatious advances towards its supposedly โsworn enemyโ Iran whose leadership has been fluttering its eyelashes westwards to get crippling
Americaโs closest regional allies are reeling from a series of shocks undermining their national security and interests, delivered by the Obama Administration. Reports in the mainstream media indicate Saudi Arabia may have concluded โwith friends like that, who needs enemies?โ
Saudiโs intelligence chief Prince Bandar bin Sultan is quoted as saying his country is making โa major shiftโ away from the US, a mutually beneficial partnership that has endured since 1932 when full diplomatic relations were forged. Repercussions could involve Riyadh shopping around for alternative weapons supplies, curtailing US oil privileges or liquidating its US Treasury bonds and other US investments.
Supported by most Gulf States, Saudi has lost patience with President Obamaโs โJekyll and Hyde-typeโ foreign policy missteps and u-turns during his second term, which have eroded trust in Americaโs will to cooperate with the Kingdom and its Sunni allies.
Secretary of State John Kerry refutes the existence of any such rift. Heโs clearly in denial unlike global markets
that are taking the news seriously. Oil prices climbed to six-month highs within hours of the news breaking. Unfortunately for the US, the Kingdomโs fury over Americaโs deal with Russia on the disposal of Syriaโs chemical weapons, lending legitimacy to the Assad regime, cannot be wished away.
Obama has missed the point. Death is just as tragically final whether innocents are victims of chemical weapons, machine guns or airstrikes. Whatโs the use of Syria giving up its sarin gas thatโs snuffed out the lives of hundreds when over 120,000 have been slaughtered by conventional means? This deal with the devil was made to save the US Presidentโs face without a thought for the millions of refugees facing a cruel winter under canvas or those risking being drowned in the Mediterranean on route to European shores.
Saudiโs rejection of a revolving seat on the UN Security Council over its โdouble standardsโ and ineffectiveness on working towards a Palestinian state and peace in Syria could be construed as a poke in Americaโs eye. Kudos to the Kingdom for taking a strong position
By Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor
dalliance with Iran alienates
Al Shindagah 7 Issue 115
Americaโs
Middle East alliesUN, US and EU sanctions lifted. Americans abroad have a reputation for being wide-eyed and naive, but how is it possible that the US Presidentโs national security advisors can be so easily conned by a silky-tongued mullah desperate to salvage Iranโs free-falling economy? Thereโs a lot more at stake here than haggling over the price of a Persian carpet.
It stretches belief that both sides are clamouring to forgive and forget almost overnight; there must have been back-channel discussions going on in secret for months. Talks between Iranian negotiators and a group of six world powers known as P5+1 have been hailed by the EUโs Catherine Ashton as โsubstantive and forward-lookingโ. Even so, since when does Iran deliver on its promises? Hasnโt mistrust over Iranโs nuclear intentions been the issue from day one?
Iranian detente with the West is swift-moving. The UK and Iran are already restoring full diplomatic relations; the US is poised to do so providing nuclear talks pan out. โIf theyโre ready to go, we are ready to go,โ said a senior White
House official. Once again, the West concentrates on the detail while ignoring the substance. Iranโs nuclear program is only one side of a multi-faceted coin.
Accepting Iran into the community of nations will empower Tehranโs territorial ambitions while increasing the vulnerability of Gulf States. It will energise its Lebanese proxy Hezbollah, currently fighting alongside Iranian Revolutionary guards in Syria and bolster Iraqโs Shiite-dominate government. A blind-eye will be turned towards Iranโs
โReports in the mainstream media
indicate Saudi Arabia may have concluded โwith friends like that,
who needs enemies?โ
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material support of Yemeni Houthis and its less-well known ties with Al Qaeda, whose operatives โ Saif Al Adel, Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah, Sulaiman Abu Ghaith and Abu Hafs Al Mauritani โ were afforded safe refuge in Iran.
Israelโs Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu gets it and is lobbying the US not to fall for President Rouhaniโs sweet-sounding duplicitous words but his fears are being written-off in Washington as the hysterical rants of a spoiler. On this matter, Uncle Sam is turning a deaf ear to his worries in favour of his about-to-be new best friend. The question is why?
Americaโs faithful friends in the region are astonished and dismayed by this latest turn of events. Regular readers of my columns know that I saw this coming. Iโve been warning the GCC to protect against these eventualities for years, via newspaper articles, letters, reports and face-to-face meetings. Now that Saudi Arabia has woken up to the danger, finally thereโs hope. The time for relying on others is over. United and independent, with Godโs help, weโll stand strong.
(Published in the media on Oct. 24, 2013)
Al Shindagah 8 Issue 115
POLIT ICS
The so-called War on Terror, launched 12 years ago in response to 9/11 attacks, has turned out to be as ineffective as the War on Drugs. Despite billions of dollars being poured into eradicating the terrorist disease targeting innocents going about their daily business, Al Qaeda, its associates and clones have not only survived but are flourishing in different guises.
In 2001, Al Qaeda was a relatively small group of โAfghan Arabsโ disenchanted with US foreign policy, primarily based in Afghanistan. Now it has franchises in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Sudan, Somalia, the Sahara, Pakistanโs tribal areas, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula, Indonesia and the Philippines. Each franchise is motivated by a variety of localised goals but all adhere to the same core belief that the life of any man, woman or child, who doesnโt share their extremist convictions, is disposable, as we recently witnessed when Al Shabaab sent its ruthless murderers into a Kenyan shopping mall where 68 people were
gunned down in cold blood. President Barack Obama may
have patted himself on the back for assassinating the doddery, out of touch, Osama bin Laden, but heโs had little success in eradicating his ideological spawn that seemingly enjoys a cockroach-like longevity, able to withstand drone attacks, bombs, advances in surveillance, communications-monitoring, facial recognition technology and global intelligence sharing.
Terrorism experts lead us to believe that most Al Qaeda founders are either dead or imprisoned; the latest โcatchโ was Abu Anas Al-Libi suspected of involvement in the 1998 US embassy bombings, grabbed by US Special Forces outside his Tripoli home earlier this month. Bin Ladenโs Egyptian sidekick Ayman Al Zawahiri is still out there somewhere issuing poisonous, rambling edicts urging Egyptian Islamists to โunite against the Americanized butcher of the military coupโ and jihadists in Syria to form an Islamist Caliphate. His
brother Mohammed was arrested by Egyptian security forces in August, but the man said to be the brains behind 9-11 remains elusive. Where is he and who is giving him protection?
So many questions remain unanswered to this day. Where does Al Qaedaโs funding come from? Where are its training camps? Who is issuing its travel documents? How are its foot soldiers able to travel around the world unimpeded and undetected when border controls are so tight? Al Qaedaโs breadth of influence and activities are so extensive that itโs beyond belief itโs merely bankrolled by sympathetic individuals. Similarly its sophisticated intelligence capabilities suggest cooperation with insiders at the highest
Al Qaedaโs continued existence is unexplainedBy Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor
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levels. In the aftermath of 9-11, the West was
convinced Al Qaeda was being funded by Sunni Arab sources. If that were true, then Sunni Muslims would not be among the organisationโs prime targets. Are there governments or powerful non-state actors manipulating Al Qaedaโs strings and if so, what agenda does that support serve? Follow the money and the true maestros of death will be unearthed.
When major powers have access to satellites that can zoom in on an individual digging his garden or enable a vehicles number plate to be read โ and when those nations have the reach and the firepower to wipe terrorist organisations from the face of the earth - why do they hesitate?
Are we to conclude that the mighty US isnโt up to the task? Former NSA contracted employee Edward Snowden continues to reveal Americaโs spying on phone calls and emails, even those that are encoded, so must we assume that Al
Qaeda communicates by carrier pigeon? Rather than listen-in to the mobile calls of allied world leaders, why doesnโt the NSA concentrate on the phone calls and emails of known jihadists? I can only suppose that a destabilising entity like Al Qaeda has its uses; what they are is anyoneโs guess.
Hereโs what we do know Superficially Iran and Al Qaeda are on
opposite sides, yet the 9-11 Commission report states that in the early 1990s โsenior Al Qaeda operatives and trainers travelled to Iran to receive training in explosives.โ In July, 2011, the US accused Iran of giving safe haven to Al Qaeda operatives and assisting Al Qaeda to transit weapons, fighters and cash.
Further, the fact that most Al Qaeda leaders were also members of the Muslim Brotherhood is well-documented. Ousted Egyptian President Mohammed Mursi is believed to have allowed Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups to gain a foothold in the Sinai and lobbied the Obama Administration to release Omar Abdel-Rahman better known as the โBlind Sheikhโ, serving a life sentence in the US for seditious conspiracy in connection with the 1993 World Trade Centre bombings.
There are also unconfirmed reports that the Muslim Brotherhood was connected to the attack on the US embassy in Benghazi, yet, mysteriously the Obama Administration has sought to punish Egypt for its failure to include the Brotherhood in its new
political roadmap, never mind that the organisation considers the interim government illegitimate and rejects any participation in the political process going forward.
The presence of Al Qaeda and other foreign jihadist groups attacking regime forces as well as the Free Syrian Army is another mystery. How do they get there? Where do their weapons come from? Who is granting them access? One thing is certain, theyโve succeeded in muddying the waters; theyโve polluted the courageous, clean-hearted opposition making it more difficult for countries supporting Assadโs downfall to supply much-needed heavy weapons to bring the civil war to a swift conclusion. At the same time, their interference
โconvenientlyโ permits Assad to claim that those fighting against his army are foreign-sponsored terrorists.
The US and its NATO allies have had their turn. Theyโve expended blood and treasure but have been unsuccessful in eradicating Al Qaeda or deterring new recruits. Itโs about time the Arab World adopts its security obligations in this regard and takes a resolute
approach to this evil threatening us all before its stranglehold on our region proves unbreakable.
(Published in the media on Oct. 27, 2013)
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โAl Qaedaโs breadth of
influence and activities are so extensive
that itโs beyond belief itโs merely
bankrolled by sympathetic individualsโ
Al Shindagah 10 Issue 115
POLIT ICS
Sacha Baron Cohenโs characterisation of a fictional dictator called Admiral Gen. Aladeen in his movie โThe Dictatorโ was a comedic parody. Nevertheless, it does sum up some of the worst personality traits of authoritarian leaders - egocentricity, narcissism, sadism, selfishness, grandiosity and paranoia. Quite a few might have been classed as mentally ill if only psychiatrists had been permitted to get up close and personal.
Studies headed by Frederick L. Coolidge and Daniel L. Segal of the University of Colorado, derived from expert assessments and firsthand accounts, suggest that Adolf Hitler and North Koreaโs late Supreme Leader Kim Jong-Il, who regularly dined on snakes and spiders and was infatuated with Elizabeth Taylor, both suffered from Schizophrenia. One question goes unanswered. We do know that absolute power corrupts but can it also turn reasonably normal brains into mush?
Former President of the Dominican Republic Generalissimo Rafael Trujillo was certainly a candidate for therapy. During his tyrannical rule that severed the lives of 50,000, he fostered a cult of personality. His countryโs capital city Santo Domingo became Ciudad Trujillo, statues of el Jefe (The Chief) were mass produced and electric signs appeared outside churches that read โDios y Trujilloโ (God and Trujillo). A law required all vehicle number plates to carry the slogan โViva Trujilloโ. He
The foibles of despotic dictators
amassed a fortune, wore ostentatious uniforms weighed down with medals and collected over 1,000 ties. Determined to shape his legacy, he appointed his three-year-old son a general and campaigned to get his illiterate wife nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Haitiโs President for Life, Francois โPapa Docโ Duvalier, was so unhinged he believed his nemesis, failed coup instigator Clement Barbot, who evaded an extensive police hunt, had morphed into a black dog. Papa Doc promptly ordered the killing of every black dog in the land. Barbot was eventually captured and executed; his head was presented to Duvalier for use in his Voodoo rituals. Like Trujillo, he saw himself as a godlike figure and forced the population to recite a distorted version of a Christian prayer each day, beginning โOur Doc, who art in the National Palace for lifeโฆโ
The archetypical African dictator was Zaireโs President Mobutu Sese Seko, who, although he was installed by the US and Belgium, was vehemently anti-Colonial. Citizens with Western-sounding names were told to discard them for African ones and priests who dared to baptise a child with a European name were sentenced to five years in prison. Men were forbidden from wearing Western garb as well as leopard print hats; those were reserved exclusively for Mobutu. Local TV networks were commanded to begin news reports with Mobutu descending from the heavens.
Africaโs most notorious brutish
Does eccentricity and despotism go hand in hand? Few of us are completely without personality quirks or foibles but dictators either have more than most or feel no compulsion to keep their weird traits under wraps, writes Linda S. Heard.
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Al Shindagah 11 Issue 115
Assembly. Former Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat once wrote in his diary that the Libyan leader was mentally ill and requires treatment.
Iraqโs dictator Saddam Hussein wrote four novels and poems under the penname, โHe who Wrote itโ. In โZabibah and the Kingโ, whose plot centers around a beautiful young commoner married to a cruel ruler, he displays his softer, romantic side. His book โThe Fortified Castleโ features a wounded war hero engaged to a Kurdish girl. On his return home, his mother refuses to divide the property, representing the nation of Iraq, saying, โOnly those who give it their blood and defend it are their rightful owners.โ
Whatโs little-known is that Saddam was given to self-deprecation. He would tell a joke about a man who takes his television set to be repaired. Upon his return to collect it, he was angry to find a poster of Saddam glued to the screen. When he complains, the repairman responds with, โWhatโs the problem? The only thing we ever see on TV is Saddamโs faceโ. Saddam is said to have been a compulsive hand-washer who frequently gave lectures on the importance of cleanliness.
Europeโs also suffered its fair share of despots. Adolf Hitler is the one name that springs to everyoneโs mind. Itโs not generally known that this man responsible for the death of millions, including six million Jews, was obsessed with a Jewish girl named Stefanie Isak in his youth and contemplated committing suicide when his love was unrequited. Hitler was extremely vain and fastidiously clean. He would never remove his jacket even during hot weather and never allowed anyone to see him disrobed. The Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini described his German counterpart as โa teary-eyed sentimentalistโ in his diaries. Indeed, just before committing suicide in his Berlin bunker, Hitler tied the knot with his longtime mistress Eva Braun. Or did he?
In their book โGrey Wolf: The Escape of Adolf Hitlerโ, British authors Gerrard Williams and Simon Dunstan assert he escaped from the bunker with Braun and her brother-in-law to board an aircraft to Spain en route to Argentina. There he lived peacefully until his death in 1962, aged 73 leaving behind two daughters. Sounds farcical? Then again, who knows with the lives of this special breed we call dictators are always stranger than fiction.
dictator was, of course, Ugandaโs Idi Amin Dada, a former British Army cook and boxing champ. Dubbed โthe Butcher of Ugandaโ, he reportedly expelled Asians from his country after being rejected by a young woman from a prominent Asian family. Itโs widely believed that he cannibalised his opponents. His claim to be
the King of Scotland and his penchant for writing love letters to the British Queen evidence his lunacy.
Going against the grain was the former President of Equatorial Guinea Francisco Macias Nguema whose inferiority complex led him to erase the word
โintellectualโ from his nationโs lexicon and to shut down private schools. This witch doctorโs son was disappointed to find his โmagic powersโ did not extend to fuelling a power station after he had banned it from using lubricants.
Several dictators have fancied themselves as authors.
President for Life of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat Niyazov, closed his capitalโs libraries on the grounds that the
only books worth reading were the Quran and his own creation
โRuhnamaโ or โThe Book of the Soulโ deemed compulsory reading. Niyazov
renamed months of the year in honour of his own family members with September
being re-named Ruhnama. His eccentricities included outlawing ballet, opera and circuses as
being contrary to Turkmen traditions. Libyaโs Colonel Muammar Qaddafiโs โGreen
Bookโ outlining the dictatorโs political tenets as well as his views on women (โlike men, they are
human beingsโ) to sporting clubs (โrapacious social instrumentsโ) and lauded freedom of expression as, โthe right of every natural
person, even if a person chooses to behave irrationally to express his or her insanity.โ Qaddafi freely expressed his own insanity
by appointing female virgins as his personal bodyguards and travelling the world with air-conditioned tents, erected in the grounds of Libyan embassies. The Brother Leader and Guide of the Revolution once sponsored a UN resolution to dissolve Switzerland and lent his support to Somali pirates in the UN General
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Mobutu Sese Seko Kim Jong-Il Idi Amin Dada Col. Muammar Qaddafi
Al Shindagah 12 Issue 115
POLIT ICS
Pie in the Sky?
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Jimmy Carter lays a wreath at Arafat's grave
He could pause and hand salute, a normal tribute from one president to anotherโs grave.
Searching media and other sources, I found no photo coverage of Obamaโs arrival and departure. Perhaps he took a different route to meet Abbas. To me, his non-salute at the gravesite was a snub to a great man. I wondered if Obama hated himself for it.
On other occasions, he showed strength and bravery. His behavior was powerful evidence that Israelโs lobby had a grip so great it even intimidated our president. My anger quickly changed to pity.
I have personal reminders that Carter sometimes did Israelโs bidding early in his presidency. He adopted Israelโs โno talkโ policy that kept all officials of the Carter Administration from direct communication with PLO officials. In November 1978, after my second of six meetings with Arafat, I brought back from Damascus detailed terms of peace Arafat told me the PLO would stand behind. In it, Palestinians would agree to live at peace with Israel, renounce any forcible effort to enlarge the new Palestine, and have defacto trade relations if Israel would recognise that Palestine consisted of all territory seized by Israel in June 1967, with a corridor connecting the West Bank with Gaza. It was a substantial new concession to Israel. On my return to Washington, I met with Carterโs national security adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, who, obviously was bound to even an indirect โno-talkโ rule. He expressed no interest in my report from Arafat.
Carter appointed an able attorney, Robert Strauss, as special emissary to the Middle East. For several weeks, this led me to close relations with him. One day, Strauss told me, โI would love to meet Arafat. I am sure I could deal with him and get things settled. But the president wonโt let me.โ
To his great credit, before leaving office, Carter welcomed Arafat to the White House and praised him subsequently in books and published articles. As president, Carter twice forced Israeli PM Menachen Begin, to cease military assaults on Lebanon. Brzezinski recently lamented the fact that Israel today leads the US government around โlike a dumb
mule.โ Pushed by Israel, Obama gathered warships near Syria, planning a few acts of war against the Syrian regime. Israelโs lobby sent over 200 people to make sure Congress would support the assault.
In sudden sequence, other events led Obama to major changes. Obama and Congress discovered that the American people strongly opposed any war measures in Syria. No shots were fired. Israelโs lobbyists went home empty-handed. Wonder of wonders, the sky did not fall.
Now John Kerry, Obamaโs Secretary of State, has taken on Israelโs lobby in a major issue - a peaceful interim agreement with Iran. Kerry also cast critical words at the Israeli government for its longstanding brutal treatment of Palestinians and its harmful opposition to the deal with Iran. Perhaps a day of atonement has come to Obama.
With two years remaining in his presidency, he can perform a powerful mea culpa. With the stroke of a pen on an executive order, he can suspend all aid until Israel accepts the rule of law and signs a peace treaty with Palestine. Obama's order would relieve the US government for at least two years from further complicity in Israelโs brutal grand larceny of Palestinian birthrights and, hopefully, prompt events that would produce a newly independent Palestine at peace with Israel. All this without Obama ordering even one shot fired at anyone.
Is this just โpie in the skyโ? Maybe, but miracles do happen. I am 92, and I hope to live long enough to see a just peace in the Middle East and watch Obama place a wreath on Arafatโs grave. Somewhere it is written that hope springeth eternal.
In the nine years since Yasser Arafatโs death, two contrasting episodes occurred by his grave, located a few steps from the entrance of the modest building that served as his office and residence during the last years of his life. Until his death it also served as a jail for the Palestinian leader whose official title was President of Palestine. Visitors could come and go, but he was confined to the quarters by Israeli military personnel, who also controlled all of Palestine.
The first episode occurred several months after Arafatโs death. I observed it during an evening television newscast in my residence in Jacksonville, Illinois. It showed former President Jimmy Carter standing at the foot of Arafatโs grave with head bowed. At the head of the grave was a floral tribute. I was so pleased and surprised I stood up and hand saluted the TV screen as tears filled my eyes. To me, Arafat was a great historic figure who is still unfairly characterised as a terrorist. He was a fearless champion of the human rights of Palestinians and my friend of more than thirty years. He survived several attempts on his life. An autopsy determined he died of poisoning.
The second episode occurred last spring. I learned that President Barack Obama would pay a brief call on Mahmoud Abbas, Arafatโs successor as President of Palestine. The meeting would be in the same office that the PLO leader occupied until his death. What would Obama do as the passed Arafatโs grave by the office door? Thousands of Americans, including some of my former constituents remain convinced Arafat was a terrorist. In my mind, I see Obama consulting with a few staffers. I doubted that he would lay a wreath on the grave.
Mystery still surrounds the death of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat nine years after his death. His body was exhumed recently by a Swiss medical team, who concluded that the PLO leader was in fact poisoned by polonium 210 โ a deadly substance. The Honourable Paul Findley reminisces about times gone by and ponders over the different approaches by two US Presidents.
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POLIT ICS
Nelson Mandela once said, โDeath is something inevitable. When a man has done what he considers to be his duty to his people and his country, he can rest in peace. I believe I have made that effort and that is, therefore, why I will sleep for the eternity."
Those words mean even more now that this great man has gone. It is easy to see why so many people paid
their respects to Mandela. Tens of thousands of South Africans joined many world leaders who bid farewell to this revered peacemaker at a national memorial service in Johannesburg in mid December. His body was laid in state and the government announced a week of public grieving. The man, affectionately called Madiba, was eventually buried in his home village of Qunu in Eastern Cape province.
On hearing of his death Obama lead the tributes, saying Mandela was a leader who โachieved more than any man can ever hope to achieve.โ
World leaders from US President Barack Obama, Britianโs Prime Minister David Cameron and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon lauded the late โgiant of historyโ at the memorial service.
In his eulogy Obama told the crowd,
MandelaThe world mourned the loss of a great man on December 5, 2013. At the age of 95, lifelong South African civil rights activist Nelson Mandela died at his home in Johannesburg. Joanna Andrews looks at the legacy of the hero of the apartheid struggle who spent 27 years in jail and went on to become South Africaโs first democratically elected president.
(1918-2013) โHis struggle was your struggle. His triumph was your triumph. Your dignity and hope found expression in his life, and your freedom, your democracy is his cherished legacyโฆ The world thanks you for sharing Nelson Mandela with us.โ
โWe will never see the likes of Nelson Mandela again,โ Obama said. โBut let me say to the young people of Africa, and young people around the world โ you can make his lifeโs work your own.โ
Obama was joined by former Presidents George W Bush, Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter and other world leaders. Rock singer Bono, actress Charlize Theron and supermodel Naomi Campbell joined the many dignitaries to honour the man who led his nation to democracy after decades of white minority-rule.
Nelson
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A Life Less OrdinaryNelson Mandela was born on July
18, 1918, in Mveso, Transkei, South Africa. He became actively involved in the anti-apartheid movement in his 20โs. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1942, and for 20 years, he directed a peaceful campaign of non-violent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies.
In 1956, Mandela and 150 others were arrested and charged with treason for their political advocacy, although they were eventually acquitted. Meanwhile, the ANC was being challenged by Africanists, a new breed of black activists who believed that the pacifist method of the ANC was ineffective. They soon broke away to form the Pan-Africanist Congress, which negatively affected the ANC.
In 1961 Mandela began to realise that armed struggle was the only way to achieve change. He co-founded 'Umkhonto we Sizwe' - an armed offshoot of the ANC dedicated to sabotage and guerilla war tactics to end apartheid.
In 1962 Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. He was incarcerated on Robben Island where he spent 18 of his 27 years in prison. Life there was primitive and there was limited contact with the outside world. In his autobiography โLong Walk to Freedomโ he wrote, โWe were awakened at 5.30 by the night warder, who clanged a brass bell at the head of our corridorโฆ We had no running water in our cells and instead of toilets had iron sanitary buckets known as ballies.โ
In notes smuggled from the prison, Mandela wrote, โAny man or institution that tries to rob me of my dignity will lose because I will not part with it at any
price or under any pressure.โ During his time in prison he
contracted tuberculosis and, as a black political prisoner, received the lowest level of treatment from prison workers. However, while incarcerated, Mandela was able to earn a Bachelor of Law degree through a University of London correspondence program.
By mid-1970 the question of Mandelaโs release became โa fashionable liberal causeโ. By the early 80s the โFree Nelson Mandela Campaignโ became
international. But it took a further decade before his release became a reality.
In 1985 President P.W. Botha offered Mandela his freedom provided that he renounced violence. Mandela responded urging that Botha first abandon the violence of apartheid. In his refusal letter Mandela said, โOnly free men can negotiate.โ
It wasn't until Botha suffered a stroke and was
replaced by F.W. de Klerk that Mandela's release was finally announced - on
โI hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I
fight it now, and will do so until the end of
my days"- Nelson Mandela
February 11, 1990. Hours later he vowed to end apartheid once and for all saying, โToday, the majority of South Africans, black and white, recognise that apartheid has no future. It has to be ended by our decisive mass action. We have waited too long for our freedom.โ
He continued to negotiate with President F.W. de Klerk toward the country's first multiracial elections. White South Africans were willing to share power, but many black South Africans wanted a complete transfer of power. The negotiations were often strained and sparked violent eruptions.
In 1993, Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa." One year later Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's first black president. He maintained the leadership until 1999 and is credited for steering South Africa through a new post-apartheid era.
The world has lost a great visionary who sacrificed so much for freedom. Nelson Mandela leaves a legacy as one of the most inspirational leaders of all time who taught the true meaning of forgiveness and reconciliation. He brought about irreversible social and economic change. As Obama put it, he was โthe last great liberator of the 20th Century.โ
Freedom at last: Nelson and Winnie Mandela celebrate in this February 11, 1990 file photo
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AVIAT ION
The Dubai Air Show made aviation history โ with multi billion dollars worth of deals on the table โ mostly coming from Gulf carriers. The 13th edition of the Dubai Air Show took place at its purpose-built home at Dubai World Central, near Al Maktoum International Airport โ Dubaiโs second and brand new airport. His Highness Sheikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai proudly opened the event. The world may have doubted years ago when he famously announced at the Paris Air Show that the global airline industry was about to change. Today, it has probably even surpassed
Regional airlines Emirates, Etihad and Qatar took centre stage at the Dubai Air Show in November 2013. Collectively they are known as the Gulf Big Threeโฆ the driving force of the worldโs aviation industry. Joanna Andrews explains why โฆ
even his own expectations.
Boeing vs AirbusAs is always the case at air shows,
competition was high between global rivals Boeing and Airbus, and this year the numbers were staggering. Three of the worldโs top airlines come from the Middle East - Emirates, Etihad and Qatar Airlines. They are collectively known as the Gulf Big Three, and they dominated the plane orders. Between them, they ordered more than 320 long-haul aircraft worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Emirates placed jaw-dropping orders of $99 billion on the first day of the show โ much to the delight of Boeing and Airbus. Emirates
placed an initial order for 150 Boeing B777Xs, which was promptly followed by a $23 billion order for an additional 50 Airbus A380s. On its opening day, the Dubai Air Show took orders of nearly $200 billion dollars โ beating previous records.
Emirates has big pockets. Its latest report card speaks for itself, it recently reported sales of $21 billion dollarsโฆ thatโs twice as profitable as most other airlines. The airline has earned a worldwide reputation helped along by its quality of service, rapid growth and strategic sponsorship deals. It has drawn in the crowds following sponsorship of various football teams like Arsenal, Paris St Germain and AC Milan.
Al Shindagah 16 Issue 115
But it wasnโt the only big spender at the Dubai Air Show, its Abu Dhabi neighbour, Etihad Airways, unveiled a deal worth $25.2 billion for 56 new Boeing wide-body aircraft, with options and purchase rights for a further 26. The order includes 25 Boeing 777X aircraft, 30 787-10 Dreamliners and one 777-200 freighter. The announcement makes Etihad Airways the largest airline customer for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
"The response to the 777X has been astounding," Boeing Chairman James McNerney told the media, while James Hogan, President and CEO, Etihad was quoted as saying, "We rarely make announcements at air shows, but when we do the world listens."
The GCCโs third major airline, Qatar Airways, ordered 51 of Boeingโs new 777X jets and also placed a firm order for five new Airbus A330-200 freighter aircraft with options for an additional eight aircraft in a deal valued at $2.8
billion.It was a record breaking event,
with even government backed, low-cost carrier flydubai ordering 100 Boeing 737MAXs and up to 11 Next-Generation Boeing 737-800s, in a deal worth $11.4 billion โ marking the
largest commitment to order a single-aisle Boeing aircraft in the Middle East.
The struggling European airlines are undoubtely looking on in envy as the Gulf carriers, courtesy of the backing of their governments, rub their palms with glee.
โWe rarely make announcements at air shows, but when we do the world listensโ- James Hogan, President & CEO, Etihad
HH Sheikh Mohammed opens the Dubai Air Show 2013
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Building Brand The Right Honourable Baroness Sayeeda Warsi is Britainโs highest profile Muslim politician. At the sidelines of an Islamic conference in Dubai recently, the UKโs Senior Minister of State for Faith and Communities told Joanna Andrews about the power of faith and politics - and how through sheer determination she aims to improve โbrand Islamโ, build stronger communities in the UK โ and beyond, and promote the UK as the preferred choice for Muslims to invest in.
Islam
INTERVIEW
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Baroness Warsi was appointed Senior Minister of State at the Foreign & Commonwealth Office and Minister for Faith and Communities at the Department for Communities and Local Government in September 2012. She was previously Chairman of the Conservative Party and Minister without Portfolio. She is a Conservative member of the House of Lords โ and upon being appointed in 2007, was the youngest at just 36.
On a fleeting visit to Dubai to attend the Global Islamic Economy Summit 2013, the Baroness took time out of her busy schedule to tell Al Shindagah about her passion for her job. She has achieved so much in such a short time but says there is a lot more work to be done to achieve her personal goals, โI have a list of things that I want to do in politics and am thoroughly ticking my way through it,โ she says. โI am working to a timescale.โ
She admits she couldnโt do it without the backing of her husband and their five children and says, โI have a fantastically supportive other half and very understanding children. There are large parts of their lives that I missโฆ but I absolutely believe in what I am doing and my family believes in what I am doing and that makes it easier.โ
Since Prime Minister David Cameron came into office Baroness Warsi's career has gone from strength to strength.
โWhen we first came into government I was privileged by being appointed Conservative Party Chairman, that in itself, to serve as the Chairman of this amazing party, which as a child I was watching Mrs. Thatcher, was a real privilege. Then in 2012 I was asked to take on a Foreign Office role with the specific responsibility for Afghanistan, among other areas.โ She has since visited the war-torn country many times and is driving the UK's long-term commitment to Afghanistan after the final UK combat troops leave at the end of 2014, including maintaining the UKโs current development assistance of ยฃ178 million per year until at least 2017.
But her remit doesnโt stop there. In a speech to the World Islamic Economic Forum in London in October 2013, David Cameron unveiled a plan for the
UK to become the first country outside the Muslim world to sell a Shariah-compliant bond. โFor years people have been talking about creating an Islamic bond - or sukuk - outside the Islamic world, but itโs never quite happened,โ he told the conference. โChanging that is a question of pragmatism and political will. And here in Britain we have got both. This government wants Britain to become the first sovereign outside the Islamic world to issue an Islamic bond,โ he said.
The Prime Minister had just the person in mind to change the mindset โ the pragmatic and willful Baroness Warsi. So whatโs her reaction to this ambitious goal? โI started from a position of zero, but I brought myself up to date as to what the challenges were,โ Warsi says. โWe have a great story to tell on Islamic finance, we have large number of investment and retail banks; we have
a thriving legal sector, an insurance sector, education qualifications on Islamic finance. And almost anywhere you go in the world there is almost some connection that goes back to the City of London and the UK.โ
The Shariah-compliant Islamic bond is valued at about ยฃ200 million ($320 million). This is in addition to the London Stock Exchange's plan of creating an Islamic market index.
Baroness Warsi doesnโt take her job lightly, and isnโt one to let opportunities vanish into thin air, โMaybe it is downright Yorkshire doggedness that I thought I was not prepared to let this one go, and we finally got agreement just before the World Islamic Economic Forum.โ She continues, โI think it sends a flare out to the Islamic world saying โwe are open for business, we should be your partner for choice on trade and engagement,โ and because the City of London is the leader and financial centre of the world.โ
โBrand Islam is huge, but it is broken,โ Warsi says. โBrand Islam is broken because those that have defined Brand Islam have been a minority who have chosen to do it for negative reasons. The underlying principals of Islamic Finance are about shared risk, it is about not selling something you donโt have, it is not about debt, it is not about taking advantage of people who may be economically excluded, or vulnerable. The world is absolutely ready for this more so since the financial crisis in 2008.โ
About 20 per cent of the Ministerโs time is spent on the issue of faith and communities, looking at how faith can and should play in the public sphere and how to create a better understanding between communities in the UK. But the challenge comes at a time when Islamophobia is on the rise. โI have the scars on my back for the way in which I have fought the challenge in relation to the rising tide of Islamophobia,โ she says. โA few years ago I coined the phrase 'Islamophobia has passed the dinner table test,' because unfortunately anti-Muslim senitment was being found in the most civilized of settings such as British dinner tables.โ
However, since then the government
Al Shindagah 20 Issue 115
INTERVIEW
โI am incredibly concerned
as what I see as dwindling
Christian communities
in places where the faith was
actually bornโ
has put in place a number of policies to counteract this rising tide โ including a working group on anti-Muslim hatred and MAMA (Monitoring Anti-Muslim Attacks).
โWe have also started to highlight those moments in European history where Islamophia - taken to a extreme - led to the huge kind of bloodshed such as found in the genocide in Srebrenica during the Balkans War, but also to highlight the positive elements of Muslim contribution across the world, but specifically to Britain.โ
She gives an example dating back to the 1st World War, โAs we are approaching the Centenary Commemorations, one of the things I have been focusing on is highlighting the contribution of the Commonwealth soldiers of which a large number were Muslims, the youngest were not even men, some of the youngest were 15-year-old boys who gave their lives during the war. I think it is important to highlight those stories.โ
So how do you tackle extremist views that have reared their ugly head, I ask. โFirst, you make sure you are aware of the situation and by vocalizing what the situation is - which I did back in 2011. We now have monitoring groups and the police are much more on top of gathering data looking at religious hate crime, and they are clamping
down on hate crime. We also have community groups who are working to try to bridge some of the divides. It is also about highlighting the positive contribution that communities have made, pushing back on some of the myths around Islam, and thatโs why the global Islamic economy drive is so important.โ
Warsiโs role extends well beyond the UK borders. She has called on politicians around the world to โset the toneโ for religious tolerance. She fears that if governments sit by and watch, Christianity in ancient homelands is at risk of extinction.
โChristians are being driven out in regions such as Syria and Iraq, places where the religion first took root,โ Warsi warns. โI am incredibly concerned as what I see as dwindling Christian communities in places where the faith was actually born. There is a real advantage to pluristic society," she says. โNot only is it the right thing to do to protect minority communities and to fight persecution in minority communities
around the world but actually economically countries do better when they are pluristic societies.โ
A contentious issue currently being debated in the UK is over restrictions on wearing the veil - such as the niqab or burka - in public places. Warsi warns against following the example
of France, which banned veils in public places. โThat is not the British way,โ she says. โIt is an issue of personal choice and I rail just as strongly to those who force women to wear veils as I do against those who force women not to wear veils. As long as the women who are making these choices are doing it purely out of their own choice, and as long as there is no issue in relation to practicality around
health and safety, security, or identity, then we should butt out.โ
She concludes with, โIt wasnโt that long ago that men were telling us that our skirts were too short and now they are telling us our veils are too long! At what point are they just going to stay out of our wardrobes.โ
David Cameron and Baroness Warsi take part in a round table discussion with members of the London Somali community
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Al Shindagah 22 Issue 115
PHIL ANTROPHY
Philanthropy has become a core value of many corporations around the world. And none more so than the Al Habtoor Group. The Chairman, Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor, has allocated 20 per cent of the Group he founded more than 40 years ago for humanitarian assistance. He says, โI launched my Foundation to put all the charities that I contribute to under one roof in a very coordinated manner. I have created something that is sustainable, that is making a difference today and tomorrow.โ
Al Habtoor has always been a giving man, yet a humble one. After all, he came into the world with very little and knows what it is like to be โwithoutโ. In his best-selling autobiography, which hit the shelves in 2013, he said, โWe had none of the modern conveniences that people take for granted today.
Our toilet was a hole in the ground some way away from the barasti [his palm frond hut]. Our drinking water was drawn from two meter deep wells that we dug ourselves.โ
Al Habtoor has never forgotten his roots. Perhaps that is why he is the man he is today. He launched a Foundation in his name in January 2013. His philanthropic endeavours are carried out through the Al Farooq Omar Bin Al Khattab Mosque and Centre โ an amazing structure based on the Blue Mosque in Istanbul, and a gift from the Al Habtoor Group Chairman to the United Arab Emirates in 2011.
Over the past twelve months the Foundation has given funds to many causes, including the Khalaf Al Habtoor Assistive Technology Resource Center at Zayed University for children with special needs; the
Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Simulation Centre, which consists of two high-fidelity operating rooms, featuring fully functioning adult and paediatric intensive care units and operating rooms. The Foundation has also built an awqaf building in Dubai, and is currently building 20 houses for Emirati families. But its reach goes much further than the UAE.
It has donated vast amounts of much-needed aid to Syria and Palestine and built the Hrat Hospital in North Lebanon. The list is not exhaustive. Most recently the Foundation extended its hand to Philippine nationals in the UAE who have been badly affected by the recent devastating typhoon in the Philippines. And, there are many more examples of projects coming through its doors.
Al Habtoor says, โThe Foundation in
Giving Back The Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation (KAHF) celebrates its first anniversary in January 2014. Twelve months on, Joanna Andrews, looks at just some of the differences the Foundation has made.
my name is my way of giving something back to society. I have chosen the causes that are important to me. But I will extend my arm anywhere to make the world a better place.โ
He adds that there is so much need in the world and he wants his Foundation to be a catalyst for change. โThe Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation is not just about donating money, it is about getting involved and getting the general community involved. You canโt put a monetary value on that.โ
Al Habtoor is a well known figure in Illinois, USA where he has earned himself a celebrity status after making a contribution towards the restoration of Illinois Collegeโs Whipple Hall, which was constructed in 1882. With his backing, the Hall has been transformed into a 21st century leadership centre now known as the
Khalaf Al Habtoor Leadership Centre. It has great historic importance and is a venue for lectures as well as home to a library containing Abraham Lincoln papers and memorabilia.
Al Habtoor often says, โIn spite of my positive hatred of formal education when I was a boy, I have come to realise its importance. For decades I have looked upon education as the number one priority for the future of our planet, which is why I am open to helping educational institutes improve their facilities."
And he has put his money where his mouth is multiple times. In 2010 he inaugurated the American University of Cairoโs Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Football and Track Stadium, which is today a world class Olympic standard facility. He was one of the co-founders of Al Ittihad School in Dubai. These are
Al Shindagah 23 Issue 115
just two examples of his educational endeavours.
In its annual philanthrophy list Forbes magazine recently ranked Americaโs top givers. Bill and Miranda Gates topped the list, after giving away nearly $2 billion in 2012. They were closely followed by the โOracle of Omahaโ Berkshire Hathwayโs Founder Warren Buffett, and Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who ranked fourth.
Al Habtoor says, โI urge everyone to do what they can within their means to give to charity. If each of us play our part, the world will be a better place for our children and grandchildren. I launched the Foundation to create something sustainable. It is all very well setting up charities, but it is a balancing act to ensure sustainability โ whether it is social, environmental or economic."
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Al Shindagah 24 Issue 115
AL HABTOOR MOTORS
Dubai International Motor Show
Al Habtoor Motors is firing on all cylinders! The company dominated the 12th Dubai International Auto Show in November 2013. Joanna Andrews went to the regionโs largest and most influential automotive event to see what was on displayโฆ
Al Habtoor Motors is the sole distributor for Mitsubishi cars (since 1983). The relationship has consistently paid off. More Mitsubishi's are sold here than anywhere else in the world.
โThe Mitsubishi continues to be one of the UAEโs favourite vehicles,โ says Karl Hamer, MD, Al Habtoor Motors. โThe Pajero is close to everybodyโs heart, but with the launch of the new Mirage in 2013 and the new Outlander, which debuted at the Dubai International Motor Show, the brand is gaining momentum.โ
He adds, โWe are excited about the impending launch of the New Mitsubishi Attrage. We believe this environmentally friendly vehicle will take the UAE by storm."
Chery, one of Chinaโs leading car manufacturers, made a spectacular debut in the UAE courtesy of Al Habtoor Motors! The lineup was unveiled at the car show just days before a new showroom popped up on Dubai Airport Road. โWe plan to open our second showroom in Abu Dhabi in the first half of 2014, and the third in the Northern Emirates in the last quarter,โ says Karl Hamer.
There are five different cars in the lineup โ including the Tiggo, a small sports utility vehicle priced at around AED 55,000.
โWe have received high praise from customers for the comfort and modern styling of these cars. The new Chery โTiggoโ is certainly going to be a successful model,โ he adds.
Another affordable Chinese brand was added to the Al Habtoor Motors portfolio in 2013 โ JAC Motors.
โAfter our visit to JAC Motors in China, we were convinced that it would be an ideal business partner for us in the UAE. JACโs investment into operations & technology clubbed with its highly competitive product line of passenger and commercial vehicles made it a preferred candidate for us. JAC has been ranked as one of the top 10 brands in China's auto industry,โ says Joe Rogan, Sales Director, Al Habtoor Motors
Al Habtoor Motors will open its first JAC Motors showroom in Dubai on Airport Road in the first quarter of 2014.
MITSUBISHI JAC MOTORSCHERY
Bugattiโs latest edition of the world-famous Veyron โ the Meo Constantini โ is officially the fastest roadster in the worldโฆ with a price tag to match.
The extremely limited edition 1200bhp Grand Sport Vitesse was officially unveiled at the Dubai Motor Show. Just three will be made โ each costing โฌ2.09 million (AED 10.4 million).
It is the third in a series of six โLes Legendes de Bugatti' Veyrons, dedicated to six people who left an indelible mark on the company's history. Meo Costantini was a close friend of the companyโs founder, Ettore Bugatti. He was the head of Bugattiโs factory race team for many years and was also a driver, winning the Targa Florio two times.
โItโs a great honour to have a world premier at the Dubai International Motor Show. Bugatti recognises the importance of this market,โ says George Duncan, Director, Prestige Cars Division, Al Habtoor Motors.
BENTLEY
BUGATTI
The Prestige Cars Division of Al Habtoor Motors Company LLC, has been the sole authorised importer of Bentley cars in the UAE since 1982.
Another of its claim to fames is that it sells the most number of Bentley's in the world. Not a bad accolade!
Bentley was founded in 1919 by W.O. Bentley. His mission was, "To build a good car, a fast car, the best in class". To this day the company has lived up to its founders' wish.
โA hand-built Bentley is always unmistakable,โ says George Duncan, Director, Prestige Cars Division, Al Habtoor Motors. โBentley is unique because of its craftsmanship, heritage and individualisation but most important the exclusivity that comes with the Bentley Brand.โ
The luxury car maker recently introduced a handbag range to the UAE market. The Barnato, named after Diana Barnato, daughter of Woolf Barnato, the British financier and racing driver who was famously dubbed one of the Bentley Boys in the 1920s, and the Continental, named after one of Bentleyโs famed model lines.
MCLAREN
Al Shindagah 25 Issue 115
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McLaren had a clear goal with the P1 โ to be the best driverโs car in the world on road and on track!
No surprise the McLaren P1 is proving to be a real hit in the UAE. The P1 has been such as success it even got a flying visit from the Red Arrows at a cocktail reception at the Habtoor Grand Beach Resort & Spa in November 2013.
There are just 375 P1s in the worldโฆ So if you want one, youโd better be quick as only 40 are coming to the region! The limited edition P1 has a price tag of AED 5.1 million.
However, if you miss out, you might want to consider other supercars in the McLaren lineup โ including the MP4-12C and MP4-12C Spider.
โThe P1 is the first of its kind supercar based on F1 technology and its unique styling,โ says George Duncan, Director, Prestige Cars Division, Al Habtoor Motors.
โIt is the first hybrid that McLaren has produced but most importantly is the exclusivity of the P1 as McLaren will only produce 375 units worldwide.โ
Al Shindagah 26 Issue 115
INVESTMENT Outrageous Predictions
for 2014If only we had a crystal ball to look at how the global markets would fair in the year ahead. Each year Steen Jakobsen, Chief Economist at Saxo Bank releases his โOutrageous Predictions' for 2014. Joanna Andrews looks at some of the highlights.
Political turmoil in Europe, deflation in the US โ and a crash in oil prices to $80 a barrel. These are just some of the outrageous predictions for the year ahead. Oh, and throw in the possibility of the bursting of the tech bubble!
In his report Steen Jakobson - a well known and respected analyst - lists 10 scenarios that he believes investors should be aware of. He points out that these are not Saxo Bankโs โofficialโ calls for the year ahead, but rather an exercise to make people aware of the risks to capital preservation and prepare them for the worst case scenario before making an investment decision.
"This isn't meant to be a pessimistic outlook,โ he says. โThis is about critical events that could lead to change - hopefully for the better.โ
Steen Jakobsenโs annual predictions have become a bit of a year-end tradition in trading circles. The outrageous predictions may go out on a limb to suggest โblack swansโ or unlikely market events, but they could prove true.
He warns, โThe world is as lopsided as it has ever been in terms of wealth and income distributionโฆ 2014 could and should be the year in which a mandate for change not only becomes necessary, but is also implemented."
Topping the list is a Soviet-style economic model for Europe. Jakobsen says he sees a worrying trend of weak consumer prices that will continue along with the lack of Euro Zone growth. This will lead to the European
Commission to table a working group that will focus on different wealth taxes for anyone with savings in excess of $100,000.
"It will be the final move towards a totalitarian European state and the low point for individual and property rights," he says."We have gone full circle back to a Soviet Union model."
But it is the political turmoil in Europe he fears that is at the forefront of his mind. He says it is likely to reach boiling point after the European Parliamentary elections in May. "Sweeping the traditional political groups out of power, the new European Parliament chooses an anti-EU chairman and the European heads of state and government fail to pick a president of the EC, sending Europe back into political and economic turmoil."
Other extreme predictions include a recession for Germany and zero growth in the US due to interest rate rises and a lack of wage increases. Jakobsen believes the world's central banks and government policymakers are running on empty and avoiding proper reforms that will boost their economies. โInstead, they have been reduced to โtalking the market higherโ or simply going to church to pray for better times ahead.โ
He also predicts a โnasty hangoverโ for tech stock like Amazon, Netflix, Twitter, Pandora Media and Yelp. โThe US information technology sector is trading about 15 per cent below the current S&P 500 valuation,โ he says. โHowever, a small
group of technology stocks are trading at a huge premium of about 700 per cent above market valuation. These 'fat five' present a new bubble within an old bubble thanks to investors oversubscribing to rare growth scenarios in the aftermath of the financial crisisโ.
As for the oil market โ watch out for an oversupply, he says. โThe global market will become awash with oil thanks to rising production from non-conventional methods and increased Saudi Arabian output. For the first time in years hedge funds will build a major short position, helping to drive Brent crude oil down to USD 80/barrel.โ
As Jakobsen points out, the probability of these events happening are quite low however, they have been deduced strategically by Saxo Bank's analysts based on "a feasible - if unlikely - series of market and political events."
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Al Shindagah 28 Issue 115
AHG NEWS
Itโs not very often you see two of the worldโs top businessmen and philanthropists together. However, on a recent visit to Chicago, Illinois, two of the Arab worldโs best-known businessmen held an ad hoc meeting. Khalaf Al Habtoor, Chairman of the Al Habtoor Group and Saudi Arabiaโs Prince Alwaleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud caught up at the โFour Seasons Hotel Chicagoโ where they discussed cooperation between their Groups.
HRH Prince Alwaleed, a businessman and investor, is Founder and CEO of Kingdom Holding Company (KHC), one of the worldโs top international holding companies.
They also talked about the economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the booming tourism sector in the GCC. Both Al Habtoor and Prince Alwaleed are heavily invested in the hospitality industry. KHC owns stakes in several hotel management companies including the Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts, Movenpick Hotels & Resorts and Fairmont Raffles Holdings International, while the Al Habtoor Group has owned and managed hotels in the GCC since the early 1980s.
Following the meeting Al Habtoor said, โI am honoured to know Prince Alwaleed in person. He is an internationally acclaimed business leader, and as Arabs, we should all be proud of his achievements.โ
Prince Alwaleed and Al Habtoor are both heavily involved in philanthropic efforts. Alwaleed founded the โAlwaleed Bin Talal Foundationsโ in the late 1990s, and Al Habtoor launched the โKhalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor
Foundationโ (KAHF) in 2013.
At the end of the meeting, HRH gifted Al Habtoor with his biography โAlwaleed: Businessman, Billionaire, Princeโ by Riz Khan. In return Al Habtoor presented to Prince Alwaleed a copy of his award winning
autobiography, which was released last year, โKhalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor โ The Autobiographyโ.
โI am honoured to know Prince
Alwaleed in person. He is an internationally
acclaimed business leaderโ
Khalaf Al Habtoor meets HRH Prince Alwaleed in Chicago, Illinois
Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor, Chairman of the Al Habtoor Group, welcomed Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany to the United Arab Emirates, His Excellency Nikolai von Schoepff on Monday, October 28.
This is the first meeting between Al Habtoor and Von Schoepff. The Ambassador complimented Al Habtoor on his political and economic articles published in the UAE and regional media.
Khalaf Al Habtoor receives H.E. Nikolai von Schoepff, German Ambassador to the UAE
The head of the German Mission to the UAE was appointed Ambassador in September 2011. His previous position was Director of Nuclear Arms Control at the Foreign Office Berlin (2008 โ 2011).
At the meeting the group discussed bilateral ties and potential business collaboration in Germany. Al Habtoor expressed interest in potential investment opportunities in Germany, specifically in the hospitality sector.
Al Habtoor said, โWe have very strong commercial and economic ties with Germany. The UAE offers fertile ground for investment. I encourage German businesses to come to Dubai; it is the economic safe haven.โ
There are more than one thousand German companies in the UAE. Germany accounts for the largest share of the European Union (EU) trade with Dubai (20 per cent).
After their meeting Al Habtoor hosted His Excellency at his Majlis for lunch. Also present were prominent figures from the UAE including Sultan Al Habtoor, President, Al Habtoor Motors; Dhahen Chahine, General Manager โ Publishing, Dubai Media Incorporated; Ali Shahdoor, Editor-in-Chief (Executive) Al Bayan Newspaper and Sami Al Reyami, Editor in Chief, Emarat El Youm.
Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor, Chairman of the Al Habtoor Group, welcomed a delegation from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to his office on Wednesday November 6, 2013. The delegation, from Aseet Investment Board, were sent by Prince Faisal bin Khalid bin
Al Habtoor receives a hand-delivered letter from Prince Faisal bin Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz Al Saud, the Governor of Asir Province and a member of House of Saud. Prince Faisal is also the president of the Saudi Arabia Investment Board.
Dr Abdul Aziz S. Al Mathami, Executive Director of the Board of Investment carried a letter to Al Habtoor on behalf of Prince Faisal. The letter contained information about the resource-rich economy of Asir Province, located in the southwest of the country, bordering Yemen.
The letter, written in Arabic, said, โAsir plays a very important part of the national economy and has received a lot of attention from the King and Crown Prince.โ
He added, โIt makes for a promising environment for investment. Because you are such a generous person and successful businessman who enjoys
an excellent reputation in the world of business and finance, I would like to invite you to Asir to see the potential investment opportunities the Province has to offer โ including tourism, trade, education.โ
The letter went on to say that Asir Provence is the fourth largest province by population in Saudi Arabia, and the third largest in terms of purchasing power.
In addition, Mr Al Habtoor was presented with an encyclopedia of Investment in Asir.
Al Habtoor said, โI am happy to receive a letter from Prince Faisal bin Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud. It is always good to support and contribute to strengthening our business and economic ties with our GCC brothers. I am always looking for solid investment opportunities around the world, but first and foremost in our region.โ
Al Shindagah 29 Issue 115
Al Shindagah 30 Issue 115
AHG NEWS
The Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation has sponsored the first-ever โEncyclopedia of Mosques in the UAEโ in collaboration with Al-Bayan Newspaper. The 264 page Encyclopedia features some of the most prominent mosques in the United Arab Emirates.
The table-top Encyclopedia highlights the architectural evolution of the mosques in the country, from the historical mosques of the early Islamic era to those built most recently. The Encyclopedia was presented to the media at a press conference at the Al Habtoor Group head office on Al Wasl Road in the presence of Sultan Al Habtoor, President, Al Habtoor Motors and Chairman of the Board of Trustees, KAHF; Dr. Rafia Obaid Ghubash, Founder, Womenโs Museum and Member of the Board of Trustees, KAHF; and Dhaen Shaheen, Executive Director of Publishing, Dubai Media Inc.
Khalaf Al Habtoor, Chairman of the Al Habtoor Group, who donated the Al Farooq Omar Bin Al Khattab Mosque and Centre to the UAE in an effort to bridge the divide between the East and the West, said โWe are very happy to be part of this Encyclopedia. It is the first time anyone has documented our countryโs mosques; they are something we are very proud of and pleased to share with readers of any religion and nationality.โ
The Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation, based at the Al Farooq Omar Bin Al Khattab Mosque and Centre, was officially launched in January 2013. The aim of the Foundation is to focus mainly on developing and improving human societies in need in the UAE and beyond.
Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Foundation sponsors first ever โEncyclopedia of Mosques in the UAEโ
Al Shindagah 31 Issue 115
โKhalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor - The Autobiographyโ Wins Prestigious Award at Sharjah International Book Fair
โKhalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor โ The Autobiographyโ won a prestigious award at the Sharjah International Book Fair (SIBF), on November 6, 2013. The real life account of the Al Habtoor Group Chairmanโs life, was awarded โBest International Book on Business and Economicsโ. It was selected by a panel of independent judges.
The award was presented by His Highness Dr Shaikh Sultan Bin Mohammad Al Qasimi, Member of the Supreme Council and Ruler of Sharjah, at the international book fair. It was accepted on behalf of Mr Al Habtoor by Ian Fairservice, CEO and founder of Motivate Publishing, publisher of the best-selling autobiography.
Al Habtoor said, โIt is lovely to see my life story win such a prestigious award. My hope is for the book to become an educational tool to be used in schools and universities.โ
The autobiography, co-written by Linda S. Heard, was launched in the
region in 2012, and it has already hit the best-sellers lists at various bookstores through the GCC. There are two versions of the book; one in English and one in Arabic.
Most recently, the book was introduced to an international audience in its UK debut at high-end retailer Harrods, in Knightsbridge, London in October.
Al Habtoor said, โIt took nearly two years of hard work to write the book. I am happy to see it receive so much interest from readers all over the world.โ
The Sharjah International Book Fair, in its 32nd edition, showcased more than 400,000 books written in 180 languages. It featured more than 1,000 exhibitors from 53 countries.
Khalaf Al Habtoor receives the award from Ian Fairservice
Al Habtoor and his management team along with Motivate Publishing Executives HH Dr Sheikh Sultan Bin Mohammed Al Qasimi pre-sents the award
Al Shindagah 32 Issue 115
AHG NEWS
The entire student population at Emirates International School (Meadows) came out in force to show their support for Dubaiโs Expo 2020 bid on Monday November 25, 2013, two days before the announcement was made in Dubai's favour.
More than 1,500 students, aged between 4 and 18 gathered on the playing field and formed the words
Just one day after Dubai secured its bid to host Expo 2020, Emirates International School students came out in force to mark the UAEโs national day celebrations. Students at the Jumeirah and Meadows campuses dressed up in the colours of the UAE flag to show their support.
A few days earlier students from EIS-Meadows personally hand-delivered an invitation to Mohammed Al Habtoor, Vice-Chairman and CEO, Al Habtoor Group to join in the event.
In addition, Mohammed Al Habtoor, cut the ribbon to officially celebrate the opening of the new Astro Turf on the lawn at EIS-Meadows.
Leonard Murphy, Principal, High School, EIS (Meadows) said, โWe are a multi-cultural school, with close to 80 different nationalities, it is a wonderful opportunity for all the students to embrace the culture of the nation.โ
โExpo 2020, EIS M, Dubaiโ - and formed the shape of the UAE national flag.
The event was captured by photographs and on video and made available to parents and other supporters from the community on a YouTube link shared via newsletters and websites.
โIt was wonderful to see both our Primary School and High School
students so excited in support of Dubaiโs bid for the EXPO 2020,โ said Leonard Murphy, Principal of the High School. Mrs Carmel Platt, Principal of the Primary School noted: โIt is important for them to feel part of the community. Winning the Expo bid will be an amazing opportunity for Dubai and its residents. It will provide many opportunities for the entire community.โ
EIS shows support for Expo 2020 in Dubai
EIS students celebrate the UAEโs National Day
(L-R) Ahmed Abdul Malek, Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor, Salah Tahlak, Sarah Baker, Khalid Al Aali
Top seed Jana Cepelova from Slovakia beat Maria Elena Camerin of Italy in an exciting final at the 16th Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge. Al Shindagah brings you the highlights...
Nov 15th - Nov 16th
Valeria Savinykh (RUS)Lyudmyla Kitchenok and Nadiya Kitchenok (UKR) doubles runners up
(L-R) Elena Bogdan (ROU) and Valeria Savinykh (RUS) celebrate victory in the Ladies Doubles against Lyudmyla Kitchenok and Nadiya Kitchenok (UKR)
(L-R) Maria Elena Camerin (ITA), Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor, Jana Cepelova (SVK) and Ahmed Abdul Malek
Slovakian top seed Jana Cepelova defeated wild card Italian player Maria Elena Cemerin 6-1, 6-2 to claim her first singles title in two years. Cepelova powered her way to victory in the one and a half hour match at the 16th Al Habtoor Tennis Challenge (AHTC) at the Habtoor Grand Beach Resort and Spa on Saturday November 16, 2013. The event saw a record number of entries in the $75,000 tournament.
It was great news for Cepelova, who earlier in the year crashed out of the US Open with a lower back injury. The
Stars of the FutureSPORTS
victory against the 31-year-old Italian moves her up at least 25 places from her current ITF ranking of 94.
In the doubles final Vitalia Diatchenko and Olga Savchuk beat twin sisters Lyudmyla and Nadiya Kichenok 7-5, 6-1.
Khalaf Al Habtoor, Chairman of the Habtoor Group, a keen tennis player himself, presented the winners and runners-up with their trophies. Al Habtoor started the AHTC in 1998. It has since kick started the careers of many well known female tennis stars.
Kyra Nagy (HUN)
Chair Umpire, Ali Katebi
Winner Jana Cepelova with tournament line umpires
Patricia Mayr-Achleitner (GER)
Singles winner, Jana Cepelova (SVK)
ูููุงุฒุช ุงูุงูุนุจููุฉ ุงูุณูููููุงููุฉ ุงู ูุตููููุฉ ุฃููู ููุง ููุฉ ู ุงุฑู ููุฉ ุงุฅููุทุงูู ููู ุงูุงูุนุจ ูููุจููููุง ุน ููู ุณ ุฌู wildุฅููููููุง ูุงู ุฑูููู ุงูุชููู ุชุฃููููุช ุจูุงุณููุทุฉ ุงููููcardุ 6-1ุ 6-2ุ ูุญุตููุฏุช ุจุฐูููู ุฃูู ููููุจ ููููุง ููู. ููููุฏ ุดูููุช ุณูููุจููููุง ูู ุงููููุฑุฏู ู ูููุฐ ุนุงู ุทุฑูููููุง ุฅูู ุงูููููุฒ ุจุฎุทููู ูุงุซูููุฉ ูู ุงู ูุจููุงุฑุงุฉ ุงูุชููู ุงุณููุชู ุฑุช ุณููุงุนุฉ ููุตููู ูู ุงูููุฏูุฑุฉ 16 ู ู ููุณ ุนููู ู ุงูุนููุจ ู ูุชุฌููุน ูููุฑ ููุชู ุชุญููุฏู ุงูุญุจุชูููู ุงูุณููุจุช 16 ููุด ู ููุฏ ุจูุช ูููุฑ ุบุฑุงู ููุจุง ุงูุญุจุช ูุณ
ููุฑ 2013. ูููู ูุงู ุฅูุฌููุงุฒุง ุนุธูููุง ุจุงููุณููุจุฉ ุฅูู ุณูููุจููููุง ุงูุชููู ูุงูููุช ูููุฏ ุฎุฑุฌููุช ู ููู ุจุทููููุฉ ุงููุงููููุงุช ูู )US Open( ููุชูููุณ ุงู ููุชูุญููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ููููุช ุณููุงุจู ู ููู ุงูุนููุงู ุจุนููุฏ ุชุนุฑุถูููุง ุฅูุตุงุจุฉ ูู ุงูุธูููุฑ. ููุชูููุญ ููููุง ุงูููููุฒ ุนููู ุงูุงูุนุจููุฉ ุงุฅููุทุงููุฉ
ุฌููู ุงู ู๏ฟฝุณุชูุจู
ุฑูุงุถุฉ
Maria-Elena Camerin (ITA)
Ana Konjuh (CRO)
Sarah Baker, General Secretary , Tennis Emirates
Kidโs Tennis Clinic, November 13, 2013
ุงูุจุงูุบููุฉ ู ููู ุงูุนู ููุฑ 31 ุนุงู ููุงุ ุงูุชูููุฏู 25 ู ุฑุชุจููุฉ ุนููู ุงุฃููููู ูู ุชุตููููููุง ูู ุงุงูุชุญููุงุฏ ุงูููุฏููู ููููุฑุฉ
ููุง ุงู ูุฑุชุจููุฉ 94. ุงู ูููุฑุจ ุญูููุซ ุชุญุชููู ุญุงููููุชุงููููุง ูููุงุฒุช ุงูุฒูุฌูููุ ููุงุฆูููุงุช ููู ูููููุชู ููู ุงูุด ูููู ุน ููุง ุณุงูุด ููููู ูุฃููุบ ุฏูุงุชุดููุง ููุดูููููู 5-7ุ 1-6. ููุงู ููุงุฏู ุงูุชูุฃู ููู ูููุฏู ู
ููุณ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ููุณ ู ุฌู ูููุฑุ ุฑุฆู ููู ุงูุญุจุช ูููู ุฎู ุณู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุงููููุคูุณ ุฅูู ุงููุงุฆุฒูููู. ููููุฏ ุณููุฌู ูููุฐุง ุงูุนููุงู ุฑูููุง ููุงุณูููุง ููุงุญูููุฉ ุฃุนููุฏุงุฏ ููุฉ ููู ุชูุฏู ูููุง ููู ุดููุงุฑูุฉ ูู ุงูุจุทูู ููู ุงูุฐู ุงูุงูุนุจุงูุชููู ุชุตููู ูููุชูููุง ุฅูู 75 ุฃูููู ุฏูุงูุฑ ุฃู ุฑูููู. ูููุฑ ููุฏู ุงูุญุจุช ููู ุชุญ ูููุฑ ุฃุทู ููุงุฑ ุฅูู ุฃู ุงูุญุจุช ูุดููุฉ ูู ููุชูููุณ ุนููุงู 1998ุ ููููุฏ ุณููุงูู ุช ุงูุจุทููุฅุทููุงูู ุนููุฏุฏ ูุจููุฑ ู ููู ุงููุฌููุงุช ุงูุงูู ุนููุงุช ูู
ุฑูุงุถููุฉ ูููุฑุฉ ุงู ูููุฑุจ.
ูุงุฒุช ุงูุงูุนุจุฉ ุงูุณูููุงููุฉ ุงู ูุตููุฉ ุฃููู ุฌูู ุณูุจููููุง ุนูู ุงูุงูุนุจุฉ ุงุฅููุทุงููุฉ ู ุงุฑูุง ุฅููููุง ูุงู ุฑูู ูู ุงู ูุจุงุฑุงุฉ ุงูููุงุฆูุฉ ุงูุชู ู ุชูุฒุช ุจุงูุชุดููู ูุงูุญุงู ุณุฉ ูู ุงูุฏูุฑุฉ 16 ู ู ุชุญุฏู ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุชูุณ. ุงูุดูุฏุบุฉ ุชุณูุท ุงูุถูุก ุนูู ุฃุจุฑุฒ ู ุญุทุงุช ุงู ูุจุงุฑุงุฉ...
Nov 15th - Nov 16th
Fatma Al Nabhani (OMA)Reka Luca Jani (HUN)
Elena Bogdan (ROU)Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor
ู ุฏุงุฑ๏ฟฝุณ ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉ ุชุธูุฑ ุฏุนู ูุง ุญูู ูุฉ ุฏุจู ุงุฅู๏ฟฝุณุจู ู ุนุฑ๏ฟฝุณ ู๏ฟฝุณุช๏ฟฝุณุงูุฉ
ุทุงูุจ ู ุฏุงุฑ๏ฟฝุณ ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉ ูุญุชูููู ุจุงูุนูุฏุงููุทูู
32 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุดูุงุฑู ุฌู ููุน ุงูุทูุงูุจ ูู ู ุฏุฑุณูุฉ ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ุงุงูุซููู 25 ูููู ูุฑ 2013ุ ูููู ุงูุฏูููุฉ-ู ููุฏูุฒุ ูู ูุดูุงุท ุฅูุธููุงุฑ ุฏุนู ููู ุงููููู ููุญู ููุฉ ุงูุชูู ุ2020 ุฅูุณูุจู ู ุนูุฑุถ ุงูุณูุชุถุงูุฉ ุฏูุจ ุชุฎูุถููุง ูุฐููู ูุจูู ููู ู ู ู ุฅุนุงูู ูููุฒ ุฏูุจ. ููุฏ ุชุฌู ุน ุฃููุฑ ู ูู 1500 ุทุงููุจ ุชุฑุชุงูุญ ุฃุนุงุฑููู ู ู 4 ุฅูู ุจุฃุฌุณูุงุฏูู ุนุจูุงุฑุฉ ุงู ููุนูุจุ ููุชุจููุง 18 ุนุงู ูุง ูู ุฑุณูู ูุง ููุง ุ"Expo 2020, EIS M, Dubai"
ุฏูุจ ูููููุฒ ู ูููู ูุงุญูููุฏ ูููููู ุจุนูููุฏ ุฃุญููููุง ุ2020 ุฅูุณูููุจู ู ุนูููุฑุถ ุจุงุณูููุชุถุงูุฉ ููุฏ ููุฉ ุงูุนูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููู ููุฏุงุฑุณ ุงุฅูู ู ููุงูุจ ู ู ุทูู ู ููููุฒุฉ. ู ุฑุงุณูููู ูู ูุฅูู ูููุงุฑุงุช ุงููุทููููู ูููุง ูู ุงูุฌู ูููุฑุฉ ูููุฏู ุทูููุงูุจ ุงู ูุฏุฑุณูููุฉ ุจูุฑุนูู ูุงุฑุชูู ููููุฏูุฒุ ุฃูููููุงู ุงูุนููููู ุงุฅูู ูููุงุฑุงูุช ุงุญุชููููุงุก ููุงู ุ ูุงู ุทูููุงูุจ ููุฉ ุฃูู ููุจุฉ. ููุจูููู ุจุถุนู ุจุงู ููุงุณูู ูููู ู ุฏุฑุณูููุฉ ุงุฅูู ูููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉ-ู ููููุฏูุฒ ููููุฏ ูููุฑุ ููุฏ ุงูุญุจุชู ููุฏ ุฅูู ู ุญู ู ูููุฉ ุจุงููู ูููู ูุง ุฏุนู ุณููุงูุฑุฆููููุณ ุงุฅูุฏุงุฑุฉ ู ุฌููููุณ ุฑุฆููููุณ ูุงุฆูููุจ ุงูุชููููููุฐู ูู ู ุฌู ูุนูููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชููููุฑุ ูุญุถููููุฑ ุงุญุชููููุงุงูุช ุงูุนููููุฏ ุงููุทููููู. ูููููุต ู ุญู ูููุฏ ุงูุญุจุชููููุฑ ุฃูุถูููุง ุงูุฑุดููููุท ูุฅูุนูููุงูู ุฑุณูููู ูุง ุนูููู ุงูุชุชูููุงุญ ุงู ููุนูููุจ ุงูุฌุฏููููุฏ ุงู ูุตูููููุน ู ูููู ุงูุนุดูููุจ ุงุงูุตุทูุงุนูููู ูู ุงู ูุฏุฑุณูููุฉ. ููููุงู ูููู ูู ููู ุงูุซุงูู ููุฑ ุงููุณู ูููุฑููุ ู ุฏูู ููุงุฑุฏ ู ู ูููููููุฒ ููุฏูุฒ "ุชุชู ูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉ-ู ูู ููุฉ ุงุฅูู ู ู ุฏุฑุณูู ุฏุฑุณูููุชูุง ุจุงูุชุนุฏุฏููููุฉ ุงูุซูุงูููููุฉุ ูููููู ุชุถูููู ุทุงูุจูููุง ู ูููู 80 ุฌูุณููููุฉ ู ุฎุชูููููุฉ ุชูุฑูุจูููุงุ ู ูููุง ูุชููููุญ ูุฑุตูููุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนูููุฉ ูุฌู ููููุน ุงูุทูููุงูุจ ูู
ููุงูุฏ". ููุฉ ุงูุจู ูููุง ุซูุงูู ูุชุจูู
ููุชูุบุฑุงูููุฉ ุตููุฑ ูุงูุชูุทูุช ุงุฅูู ูุงุฑุงูุช. ุงูุนููู ููุฏููู ุนูู ุฑุดููุท ุฃูุถูุง ุฑ ุตูู ุงููุฐู ููุญูุฏุซ ูุณูุชุทูุน ุฃููููุงุก ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ูุณููุงูู ู ูู ุงูุฏุงุนู ูู ู ูููุน ุนูู ุฑุงุจูุท ุฎูุงูู ู ูู ุนูููู ุงุงูุทูุงูุน "ููุชูููุจ" ุงุฅููููุฑุชููู ู ุชุช ู ุดูุงุทุฑุชู ุนูุฑ ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู ู ุงูุฑุณูุงุฆู ุงุฅูุฎุจุงุฑูุฉ ูุงู ููุงููุน ุงุฅูููุฑุชูููุฉ. ููุงู ูููููุงุฑุฏ ู ููุฑููุ ู ุฏููุฑ ุงููุณูู ุงูุซุงูููู "ุฅููู ุฃูู ูุฑ ุงูุฑุงุฆูุน ุฑุคููุฉ ุทูุงูุจ ุงู ูุฑุญูุชู ุงุงูุจุชุฏุงุฆููุฉ ูุงูุซุงูููุฉ
ูุธููุฑูู ุญุงุณูุฉ ุดูุฏูุฏุฉ ูู ุฏุนูู ุงูุญู ููุฉ ุงูุชูู ุฅูุณูุจู ู ุนูุฑุถ ุจุงุณูุชุถุงูุฉ ูููููุฒ ุฏูุจ ุชุฎูุถููุง ู ุฏููุฑุฉ ุจูุงูุชุ ูุงู ูู ุงูุณููุฏุฉ ููุงููุช ."2020ุงููุณูู ุงุงูุจุชูุฏุงูุฆ "ู ูู ุงู ูููู ุฃู ูุดูุนุฑูุง ุจุฃูููู ุจุงุณูุชุถุงูุฉ ุงููููุฒ ุณูุดููู ุงู ูุฌุชู ูุน. ู ูู ุฌูุฒุก ููุฏูุจ ู ุฏูุดูุฉ ูุฑุตูุฉ 2020 ุฅูุณูุจู ู ุนูุฑุถ ููู ุฌุชู ูุน ูุซูุฑุฉ ูุฑุตูุง ูุชููุญ ูุณููุงููุง. ูุณููู
ุจูุงู ููู". ุงู ูุญูู
2020
42
ุงุฃุญู ุฏ ุงุญูุจุชูุฑ ุงูุฐุงุชูุฉ ุฎููู ุงู๏ฟฝุณุฑูุฉ ุชููุฒ ุจุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู ุฑู ููุฉ ูู ู ุนุฑ๏ฟฝุณ
ูููุชุงุจ ุงูุฏููู ุงู๏ฟฝุณุงุฑูุฉ
ูุฎูููู ุงูุฐุงุชูููุฉ ุงูุณููุฑุฉ ูุงูููุช ููุงุจ ุฏููู ููู ูุช ููุฒุฉ "ุฃูุถ ูููุฑ ุฌุงุฆ ููุฏ ุงูุญุจุช ุฃุญู ูู ุงุฃูุนููุงู ูุงุงููุชุตููุงุฏ" ูู ู ุนููุฑุถ ุงูุดููุงุฑูุฉ 2013. ููููุฏ 6 ูููู ููุฑ ูููุชููุงุจ ูู ุงูููุฏููู ูููุงู ููู ุงูุญ ููุฉ ู ููุงุฑ ูุฌู ููุฉ ุงุงูุฎุชู ููุช ุนู ูู ุชูู
ู ูุณููุชููู. ุงุงูุฏูุชูููุฑ ุงูุดูููุฎ ุณููู ู ุงูุฌุงุฆููุฒุฉ ูุณูููู ุนุถููู ุงููุงุณููู ูุ ู ุญู ููุฏ ุจููู ุณูููุทุงู ููู ุงูุดููุงุฑูุฉุ ูู ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ ููุณ ุงุฃูุนููู ุญุงู ุงู ูุฌู6 ูููู ููุฑ. ุงูููุฏููู ูููุชููุงุจ ููููู ุงุฃูุฑุจุนููุงุก ุฏุงุฑ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุนููู ุจุงูููุงุจููุฉ ุชุณูููู ุชูุง ููููุฏ ุงูุฐุงุชูููุฉ ุงูุณููุฑุฉ ูููุงุฑุดุฉ ูููููุฑุดุ ู ูุชูููููุช ุงุฃููุถููู ุงููุชููุจ ูุงู ุฆููุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุถู ููุช ุงูุชููู
. ู ุจูุนููุงููุน ุฃู ููุฑ ุฑุงุฆ ููู ุฃูู ูููุฑ "ุฅู ููู ุงูุญุจุช ููุฏ ุนู ููููุฉ. ููุฒุฉ ุงู ูุฑู ูู ููุฐู ุงูุฌุงุฆ ููุงูุช ุจู ููุฉ ุญู ูููุฒ ูุต ุชูุชุนููู ูููุฉ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงููุชููุงุจ ูุตุจููุญ ุฃู ูู ุขู ููู
ูุงูุฌุงู ุนููุงุช". ุงู ูููุฏุงุฑุณ ุชุณููุชุฎุฏู ูู ูุดููุงุฑ ุฅูู ุฃู ุงูุณููุฑุฉ ุงูุฐุงุชูููุฉ ุงูุชููู ุดููุงุฑูุช ูู ูุชุงุจุชูููุง ูููููุฏุง ุณ. ูููุฑุฏ ุฃุทููููุช ูู ุงู ููุทูุฉ ุนููุงู 2012ุ ููููุฏ ุงูุถู ููุช ุฅูู ููุงุฆููู ุงููุชููุจ ููุงุช ูู ููู ุงู ููุชุจ ููุฏ ู ููุง ูู ุงูุนุฏู ููู ู ุจูุน ุงุฃููุถููุฏุงู ู ุฌูููุณ ุงูุชุนููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌููู. ูุตููุฏุฑุช ุจู
ููุฉ. ููุฉ ูุนุฑุจู ุจูุณููุฎุชูุ ุฅูุฌููุฒูููู ุฃูุชูุจููุฑ ุงู ูููุงูุถ ุฃุทูููู ุงููุชููุงุจ ุฃู ููุงู ู ุชุงุฌููุฑ ูู ุฃููููู ุญูููู ูู ุฏููู ุฌู ููููุฑ ูููุงุฑูุฏุฒ ุงููุฎู ููุฉ ูู ูุงูุชุณููุฑูุฏุฌ ูู ููููุฏู.
ููุงุจ ููู ุงููุช ููุชุบุฑู ุชุฃูู ูููุฑ "ุงุณ ููุงู ุงูุญุจุช ููุณููุนูุฏ ุฃูููุง ุงูุนููุงู . ููุตููู ุนุงู ููู ูุญููู ูุฑุคูุชููู ูุญุธููู ุจูููู ูููุฐุง ุงุงููุชููุงู ู ููู
ุงูุนููุงู ู". ุฃูุญููุงุก ู ุฎุชูููู ุงููููุฑุงุก ูู ููุงุจุ ููุฏููู ูููุช ููุงุฑูุฉ ุงู ููุฑุถ ุงูุด ููู ู ุน ุชุถู ููู 400 ููุฑ ู ูููุ ุฃู ููุฉ ูุงูุซุงูุซ ููู ุงูุซุงูู ูู ุฏูุฑุชุฃูููู ูุชููุงุจ ุจููู180 ูุบููุฉ. ุดููุงุฑู ููููู ู ููุง ูุฒูููุฏ ุนููู ุฃูููู ุฏุงุฑ ูููุฑุด ู ููู 53 ุจูููุฏุงุ ููุฒ ููุฑ 2013 ูู ู ุฑู ููู 6 ุฅูู 16 ูููู ููู ู ูุฐู
ุฅูุณููุจู ูู ุงูุดููุงุฑูุฉ.
ุฎูู ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ูุณุชูู ุงูุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู ู ุฅูุงู ููุฑุณูุฑููุณ
ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุฑูู ุนู ูู ู ุน ุชูููุฐูู ู ูุชูููุช ูููุดุฑ ุณู ู ุงูุดูุฎ ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุณูุทุงู ุงููุงุณู ู ูุณูู ุงูุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ูุฏุงุฑู ูุชูููุช ูููุดุฑ
30 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุงุฅุทุงูู ุงุฃูู ู ู๏ฟฝุณูุนุฉ ุนู ุงู ู๏ฟฝุณุงุฌุฏ ูู ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุช ุจุฑุนุงูุฉ
ูุงูุฃุนู ุงู ุงุฎูุฑููุฉ ุงุฃุญู ุฏ ุงุญูุจุชูุฑ ู ูุค๏ฟฝุณ๏ฟฝุณุฉ ุฎูู
ููุฏ ุฃุญู ููู ููุฉ ุฎู ููุช ู ุคุณุณ ุฑุนุฑ ุฅุตููุฏุง ูุฎุฑูููุฉ ุง ูุฃูุนููุงู ูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุงูุชููู ุง ุ ุฑุงุช" ุงุฅูู ููุง ู ุณููุงุฌุฏ "ู ูุณูููุนุฉ ู ููุน ูุชุนููุงูู ุจุง ุ ููุนูููุง ู ููู ุงุฃูููู ุชุนููุฏ 264 ูููุนุฉ ูู ุงู ููุณ ููุน ุชู ููุงู. ูุจู ุง ููุฉ ุตุญููุงู ูุณููุงุฌุฏ ุฃุจููุฑุฒ ุจุนููุถ ุชุณููุชุนุฑุถ ุตูุญููุฉ
ู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ. ุง ูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ุง ุฑุงุช ุงุฅูู ููุง ุฏููููุฉ ูู ูููุฑ ูุชุท ุง ููู ูููุก ุน ูุถ ุง ูููุนุฉ ุงู ููุณ ูููุท ุชุณุก ุจุชููุฏุง ุง ุฑุงุชุ ุงุฅูู ููุง ู ูุณููุงุฌุฏ ู ูุนููุงุฑู ุงุชุนูููุฏ ูุชููู ุง ุฑูุฎูููุฉ ูุชุง ุง ุงู ูุณููุงุฌุฏ ู ููู ููุตูููุงู ุงุฃููููุ ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ูุฉ ูุนุตูููุฑ ุง ุฅูู ููููุฏ . ุฃุฎููุฑุง ุดูููุฏุช ูุชููู ุง ุชูููู ุฅูู ุนูููุฏ ูุฅูุนููุงูู ูู ู ุคู ุชููุฑ ุตุญููุงูู ู ููุช ูุฏูุญุจุชูููุฑ ูู ุดููุงุฑุน ุง ุชููุจ ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ูู ู ูุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุง ุณูููุทุงู ุจุญุถูููุฑ ููุตููู ุงุฑุงุช ููุณูููุง ูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุง ุฑุดูููุฉ ุฑุฆูููุณ ู ุคุณุณููุฉ ูู ุก ุงุฃูู ูููุง ู ุฌูููุณ ูุฑุฆูููุณ ูุฏูุชูููุฑุฉ ูุง ูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุง ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุฎูููู ู ุชุญููู ุณููุฉ ู ุคุณ ุบุจููุงุดุ ุนุจูููุฏ ุฑููุนููุฉ ูู ุก ุงุฃูู ูููุง ู ุฌูููุณ ูุนุถููู ู ูููุฑุฃุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุง ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุฎูููู ู ุคุณุณููุฉ ูุชูููููุฐู ุง ู ูุฏูููุฑ ุง ุดููุงููุ ุนููู ูุธุงูุฅูุนููุงูู . ุฏูุจ ู ุคุณุณููุฉ ูู ููููุฑุด ุง ููุทููุงุน
ุฑุฆูููุณ ูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุง ุฎูููู ูููุงู ููููุฏ ูููุฐู ุง ูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุง ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ุฑุฉ ุฅุฏุง ู ุฌูููุณ ู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุง ูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ุง ุฑุงุช ุงุฅูู ููุง ููููุจ ุจููู ุนู ููุฑ ููููุงุฑูู ุง ูู ุฑูููุฒ ู ุณููุฌุฏ ุจููู ูููููุฉ ุง ูููุฑุฏู ู ุณููุนู ูู ูุฎุทููุงุจ ุงูููููู ุฃู ูุซููุฑุง "ูุฑุณูููุง ูุบููุฑุจ: ูุง ูููุฑุดู ุงููุฑุฉ ู ู ุง ููุง ูู ุฅ ูููุนุฉ. ุงู ููุณ ููุฐู ููู ู ู ุง ููุฒุก ุฌุงู ูุณููุงุฌุฏ ุชูุซูููู ูููููุง ูุชููู ูุชููู ุง ุงุฃูููู ู ุจุณููุงุฌุฏูุง ูุซููุฑุง ูุนุชููุฒ ูุญููู ุ ุจุงูุฏูููุง ูู ู ููู ุก ููููุฑุง ุง ู ููุน ูุชุดููุงุทุฑูุง ุฃู ููุฑุณูููุง
. ูุฌูุณูููุงุช" ูุง ุงุฃูุฏูููุงู ู ุฎุชูููู ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุฎูููู ู ุคุณุณููุฉ ุฃู ุฅูู ุฑ ูุดููุงููุฒ ู ููู ู ุณููุฌุฏ ูู ุฑู ุชุชุฎููุฐ ููู ูุช ุง ูููุฑ ูุญุจุช ุง ุ ููุง ูู ููุฑุง ู ู ููุงุจ ูุฎุท ุง ููู ุจ ููุฑ ููุงุฑูู ุนู ูู ุงููุฏู 2013. ูุชู ููุฑ ู ููุง ููุช ุฑุณููู ูุง ูู ุฃุทููููุฉ ุชูู ู ููู ููุงูุณ ุน ุฃุณ ูููู ููุฒ ูู ุด ูุฑุชูู ุง ุฅูู ูุชููู ุง ูุจุฑุดูููุฉ ุง ุงู ูุฌุชู ุนููุงุช ูุชุญุณููู ุฑุงุช ููุง ุฅูู ุง ูููุฒ ูู ูุน ูุง ููุฉ ู ููุง ุง ููู ู ููุงูู ุชุน
. ุฑุฌูููุง ูุฎุง
ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู ุฌู ูุนุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ
ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู ุฌูููุณ ุฑุฆูููุณ ุงุณููุชูุจู ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุฎูููู ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุณููุนุงุฏุฉ ุณูููุฑ ุฌู ููุฑูููุฉ ุฃู ูุงููููุง ุงุงูุชุญุงุฏูููุฉุ 28 ุงุงูุซูููู ููููู ุดูููุจูุ ููููู ููููููุงูู
ุงู ูููุงูุถ. ุฃูุชูุจููุฑ ูููููุง ูุฌุชู ููุน ุงูุชููู ุงุฃูููู ุงู ูููุฑุฉ ุฅููููุง ูููุฑ ููู ุงูุณ ููุฏ ุฃุซู ูููุจู. ูู ูููู ุด ูููุฑ ุจู ุงูุญุจุชุงุฃูู ูููุงูู ุนููู ุงู ููููุงุงูุช ุงูุณูุงุณูููุฉ ูุงุงููุชุตุงุฏูููุฉ
ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู ุฌูููุณ ุฑุฆูููุณ ุงุณููุชูุจู ูููุฑุ ููุฏ ุงูุญุจุช ููู ุฃุญู ูููุฑุ ุฎู ููุฉ ุงูุญุจุช ู ุฌู ูุนุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ู ููู ููููุฏุง .2013 ูููู ููุฑ 6 ุงุฃูุฑุจุนููุงุก ููููู ู ูุชุจููู ูู
ุฎูู ุงุญูุจุชูุฑ ู๏ฟฝุณุชูุจู ๏ฟฝุณุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู๏ฟฝุณูุฑู ุงูุฃู ูุงูู ูู
ุงูุฅู ุงุฑุงุช ูููููู ููู ๏ฟฝุณูุจู
ุจุงููุฏ ุฑ๏ฟฝุณุงูุฉ ูุช๏ฟฝุณูู ุฎูู ุงุญูุจุชูุฑ
ู ู ุงูุฃู ุฑู ูู๏ฟฝุณู ุจู ุฎุงูุฏ ุจู ุนุจุฏ ุงูุนุฒูุฒ ุงุขู ๏ฟฝุณุนูุฏ
ุงูุชููู ููุฑุดูููุง ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุจููู ููู ูู ุงูุตุญุงูููุฉ ูุงุฅููููู ูููุฉ. ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุชูููุฉ
ููุงูุฏู ููู ุณูููุฑุง ูุจ ููุงู ููููู ุดูููุจู ูููุฏ ุนูุงู ุจุนุฏู ููุง ุ2011 ุณููุจุชู ุฑ ูู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ูู ุงุฃูุณูููุญุฉ ู ุฑุงูุจููุฉ ู ุฏูููุฑ ู ูุตููุจ ูุดููุบู ููู )2008- ููุฉ ูู ุจุฑู ููุฉ ูู ูุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌู ุงููููู
.)2011ููููุฏ ูุงูููุด ู ููุน ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุงูุนุงููููุงุช ุงูุซูุงุฆูููุฉ
ูุฅู ูุงูููุงุช ุงูุชุนููุงูู ูู ู ุฌููุงู ุงุฃูุนููุงู ูู ุฃู ูุงููุง. ูุฃุจููุฏู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุงูุชุงู ููู ุจูููุฑุต ุงุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑ ุงู ูุชุงุญููุฉ ูู ุฃู ูุงููููุงุ ูุงู ุณูููุง ูู ูุทููุงุน ุงูุถูุงูููุฉ.
ููููุงู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ: "ุชุฑุจุทูููุง ุจุฃู ูุงููููุง ุนุงููููุงุช ุชุฌุงุฑูููุฉ ูุงูุชุตุงุฏูููุฉ ูููููุฉ ุฌููุฏุง. ุชุคู ููู ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ูุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑ. ุฎุตุจููุฉ ุฃุฑุถููุง ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ุฃุดููุฌุน ุฑุฌููุงู ุงุฃูุนููุงู ุงุฃูู ูููุงู ุนููู ุงููููุฏูู ุฅูู
ููุงุฏู". ููุงุท ุงุงููุชุต ููู ูููุด ููุงูุฐ ุขู ููุง ู ุฏูุจุ ุฅููููุฉ ููุฉ ุฃู ูุงูู ููู ุฑุดู ููู ุฃู ููุฑ ู ููุงุฑ ุฅูู ุฃู ุฃู ูุดุงูุญุตููุฉ ุฃู ูุงููููุง ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช. ูู ุชูููู ุชุนู ููู ูู ููู ููุงุฏู ุงูุชุฌููุงุฑู ุจ ููุฉ( ูู ุงูุชุจ ููุฑ )20 ูู ุงู ูุฆ ุงุฃูู
ูุฏูุจ. ุงุฃููุฑููุจ ุงุงูุชุญููุงุฏ ููุนุงุฏุฉ ูููุฑ ุณ ููุชุจูู ุงูุญุจุช ููุงุนุ ุงุณ ููุฏ ุงุงูุฌุช ูุจุนุงูุณูููุฑ ุฅูู ู ุฃุฏุจููุฉ ุงูุบููุฏุงุก ูู ู ุฌูุณูููุ ุจุญุถูููุฑ ุจูููููู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ู ููู ู ุฑู ููููุฉ ุดููุฎุตูุงุช ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุฑุดูููุฉ ุฑุฆูููุณ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุณูููุทุงู ููุฐู ููุฑ ุงูุชููู ููุณูููุงุฑุงุชุ ูุธุงุนููู ุดููุงููุ ุงู ูุฏูููุฑุด ูู ู ุคุณุณููุฉ ุฏูุจ ูุฅูุนููุงูู ุ ูุนููู ููุทููุงุน ุงููุตุญููููุฉ ูู ุงูุชุญุฑูููุฑ ุนููุงู ู ุฏูููุฑ ุดูููุฏูุฑุ ุชุญุฑูููุฑ ุฑุฆูููุณ ุงูุฑูุงู ูููุ "ุงูุจูููุงู"ุ ูุณููุงู ู
ุตุญููููุฉ "ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูููููู ".
ููููุฏ ูุตููู ุงูููููุฏ ุงูููุฐู ููุชู ููู ุฃุนุถููุงุคู ููู ููุงู ู ููุชุซุงุฑูุฉ" ู ุฑุณ ูููุช ุงุงูุณ ููุฉ ุฃุณ ุฅูู "ููุฆููุฒ ููุฏ ุงูุนุฒู ููู ุนุจ ููุฏ ุจ ููู ุฎุงู ููู ุจ ููุฑ ููุต ุงุฃูู ููู ููุฑุ ูุงูุนุถ ููุฉ ุนุณ ููู ู ุญุงูุธ ููุนูุฏุ ุญุงู ุขู ุณุงูููุฆููุฉ ุฑุฆูููุณ ูู ุฃุฑุณุฉ ุขู ุณููุนูุฏุ ููุฐูููู
ูุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑ. ุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ุงูุนุงู ููุฉ ุงูุนุฒูููุฒ ุนุจููุฏ ุงูุฏูุชูููุฑ ุญู ููู ููููุฏ ููุฆููุฉ ูู ุงูุชูููููุฐู ุงู ูุฏูููุฑ ุงู ูุซุงู ูููุ ุณ. ุฅูู ููุตููู ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ู ููู ุฑุณููุงูุฉ ุงุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑุ ููุงุฏ ููู ุงุงููุชุต ููุงุช ุน ููุช ู ุนููู ูููุฑุ ุชุถู ู ุงูุญุจุชููุฉ ููู ู ุญุงูุธ ููุน ุจ ููุฐู ุชุชู ุช ูููุงุฑุฏ ุงู ููู ุจุงู ู ุงูุบูุนุณููุฑ ุงููุงูุนููุฉ ุฌููููุจ ุบููุฑุจ ุงูุจููุงูุฏ ุนูููุฏ
ุงููู ููู. ู ููุน ุงูุญููุฏูุฏ ููุฑุฏ ูู ุงูุฑุณููุงูุฉ ุงู ููุชูุจููุฉ ุจุงููุบููุฉ ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ููุคุฏู ุนุณููุฑ ุฏูุฑุง ู ูููุง ุฌููุฏุง ูู ุงุงููุชุตููุงุฏ "ุชููู ููุฑ ู ููุงู ูุจ ููุน ุงูุช ููู ู ูุถ ูููุ ูู ุงููุทู
ููุฏ". ููู ูููู ุงูุนู ุงู ููุจูุฆููุฉ ุนุณููุฑ "ุชุคู ููู ุงูุฑุณููุงูุฉ ูุชุงุจุนููุช ุดููุฎุต ุฃููููู ูู ุจููุง ูุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑ. ูุงุนููุฏุฉ ู ุนููุฑูู ุจุฌูููุฏู ูุณููุฎุงุฆู ูุฑุฌููู ุฃุนููุงู
ุนููุงู ู ูู ู ู ุชููุงุฒุฉ ุจุณููู ุนุฉ ูุชู ุชููุน ูุงุฌููุญ ุฅูู ุฃุฏุนููููู ุฃู ูููุฑุณูู ูุงู ูููุงูุ ุงุฃูุนููุงู ุนุณููุฑ ูู ุชูู ุณูููุง ุงููููุฑุต ุงุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑูุฉ ุงูุชููู ุชูุฏู ูููุง ุงู ูุญุงูุธููุฉุ ู ุจููุง ูู ุฐูููู ูู ูุทุงุนููุงุช
ูุงูุชุนููููู ". ูุงูุชุฌููุงุฑุฉ ุงูุณูููุงุญุฉ ูุฃุดููุงุฑุช ุงูุฑุณููุงูุฉ ุฅูู ุฃู ุนุณููุฑ ูููู ุฑุงุจููุน ูู ุงูุณูููุงู ุนููุฏุฏ ููุงุญูููุฉ ู ุญุงูุธููุฉ ุฃูููุฑ ุจููู ุงูุซุงูุซููุฉ ุงู ูุฑุชุจููุฉ ูุชุญุชููู ุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉุ ููุฉ. ููุฏุฑุฉ ุงูุฑุดุงุฆู ููุฏ ุงูู ููู ุตุนู ููุงุช ุน ุงู ูุญุงูุธ
ุนููู ู ูุณูููุนุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุฃูููุฏู ูููุง ุนุณููุฑ. ูู ุงุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑ
ุฃุณููุชูู ุฃู "ูุณููุนุฏูู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ูุนูููู ุฑุณููุงูุฉ ู ููู ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ููุตููู ุจููู ุฎุงูููุฏ ุจููู ุฅูููู ุฃูู ููุฑ ุฌูููุฏ ุงูุนุฒูููุฒ ุขู ุณููุนูุฏ. ุนุจููุฏ ููุฒ ููุง ููุณููุงูู ูู ุชุนุฒู ููุง ุฃู ูุฏุนููู ุฌุฑุงูู ุฏุงู ุฆุงูุฑูุงุจููุท ู ููุน ุฅุฎูุชูููุง ูู ู ุฌูููุณ ุงูุชุนููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌููู ูู ูุทููุงุน ุงุฃูุนููุงู ููู ุงุงููุชุตููุงุฏ. ููุชุซุงุฑูุฉ ููุฑุต ุงุณ ููู ู ููุฏูุงู ุน ููู ุงู ููุซ ุน ุฃุจุญุฑุงุณููุฎุฉ ุญูููู ุงูุนููุงู ูุ ุฅู ูููุง ููู ุดูููู ุฎููุงุต
ู ูุทูุชูููุง". ูู
29 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู ุฌู ูุนุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ
ุฎูู ุงุญูุจุชูุฑ ููุชูู ๏ฟฝุณุงุญุจ ุงู๏ฟฝุณู ู ุงู ูููู
ุงูุฃู ุฑู ุงููููุฏ ุจู ุทุงูู ูู ๏ฟฝุณููุงุบูุ ุงุฅูููููู
ุงุฃูุนููุงู ุฑุฌููุงู ูุจููุงุฑ ู ููู ุงุซูููู ููููุงุก ูุงู ูุญุณูููู ูู ุงูุนููุงู ู ุญููุฏุซ ูููุงุฏุฑ. ููููุฏ ุงูุชูููู ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู ุฌูููุณ ูุฑุฆูููุณ ู ุคุณููุณ ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุฎูููู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ ุงูุณููุนูุฏู ุงููููููุฏ ุจููู ุทููุงูู ุจููู ุนุจููุฏ ุงูุนุฒูููุฒ ุขู ุณููุนูุฏ ูู ููููุฏู "ููููุฑ ุณูุฒูุฒ-ุดููููุงุบู" ูู ููุง ูู ุดููุคูู ููุฉุ ูุชุจุงุญุซ ูููู ุงุฃูู ุฑูู ููุฉ ุฅูููู ูุงูู
ุงูุชุนููุงูู ุจููู ู ุฌู ูุนุชููููุง.ุตุงุญููุจ ุงูุณููู ู ุงู ููููู ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงููููููุฏุ ุฑุฌููู ุฑุดูููุฉ ู ุคุณููุณ ูููู ูุงู ูุณููุชุซู ุฑุ ุงุฃูุนููุงู ููู ููุฐูุ ูุงูุช ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุงููุงุจุถููุฉ ูุฑุฆูุณูููุง ุงูุชูููุชุนุชููุฑ ู ููู ุฃุจููุฑุฒ ุงูููุฑุดูุงุช ุงููุงุจุถููุฉ ูู ุงูุนููุงู ู.
ููููุฏ ูุงูููุด ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงููููููุฏ ูุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุฎููุงูู ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ูู ุงุงููุชุตููุงุฏู ุงููู ููู ุงุงูุฌุชููุงุนุ ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ูุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ูุดูููุฏ ุงูููุฐู ุงูุณูููุงุญุฉ ููุทููุงุน ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉุ ุงูุฎููุฌููู. ุงูุชุนููุงูู ุทูููุฑุฉ ูู ุฏูู ู ุฌูููุณ ุงููููููุฏ ูุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ู ููู ูู ููุธููู ุงูุถูุงูููุฉ. ูุทููุงุน ูู ูุจููุฑุฉ ุงุณููุชุซุงุฑุงุช
ูุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ู ููููู ุฃุณูููุง ูู ุงูุนุฏูููุฏ ู ููู ุฑุดูุงุช ุจูููููุง ููููุงุฏู ูู ูุชุฌุนููุงุช ุงูููุฏููููุฉ ุงุฅูุฏุงุฑุฉ ูููุ ููุงุช ู ูููุจู ููุงุฏู ูู ูุชุฌุน ูููุฒูุฒุ ููู ูููุฑ ุณ ูุฅูุฑุชูุงุดููููุงู. ูููุฏููุบููุฒ ุฑุงููููุฒ ููุฑู ููููุช ููุงุฏู ููุฑ ูู ูููุฑ ูุชุฏู ููู ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ุงูุญุจุช ูููุง ู ุชูู ูููุฐ ุงูุฎููุฌููู ุงูุชุนููุงูู ู ุฌูููุณ ุฏูู ูู ููุฏ ูุดูููุช ุงู ูุฌู ูุนููุฉ ููุงุช. ูู ููุน ุงูุซุงูููู ู ุทูููู ูููุชู ุงูุถุฎ ูููุฑ ุณ ููุน ุงูุญุจุช ููู ู ุฌู ููุฑุง ุน ู ุคุฎุฑ ุงูููุฐู ูุดููุบู ู ููุนููุง ุจููุงุฑุฒุง ูู ุฏูุจุ ูุชูููุฏู ููููุงุฑุงุช ุฏูุงูุฑ 3( ุฏ.ุฃ. ู ููููุงุฑ ุจููู11 ููู ุชููู ุฃู ุฑูููู(. ูู ููู ุงู ูุฑุชูููุจ ุฃู ุชูุชุชููุญ ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ููุชูุฑูุง ูู ููุฏูุฑู ุฃุณ ููุฏู ูุงู ููุง ูู ูููุฑ ุฃูุถ ุงูุญุจุช
ูุฎูููุฉ ุงูุฌู ููุฑุฉ.ุนูููุจ ุงุงูุฌุชููุงุนุ ูููุงู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ "ุฅูููู ูููุฑุดู ูู ุฃู ุฃููููู ุนููู ู ุนุฑูููุฉ ุดููุฎุตูุฉ ุจุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงููููููุฏ. ุฅูููู ุฑุฌููู ุฃุนููุงู ู ุดููููุฏ ูููู ุฏูููููุงุ
ููู". ููุฒ ุจุฅูุฌุงุฒุงุช ููุฑุจ ุฃู ูุนุช ููู ุงูุน ููุง ูุญ ูุนููููุนููุฑู ุฃูุถููุง ุนููู ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงููููููุฏ ูุฎูููู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุงูุฎุฑุงุทูููุง ูู ุงุฃูุนููุงู ุงูุฎุฑูููุฉ. ููููุฏ
Gulf CountriesTel.: + 966 3 847 31111 Fax: + 966 3 847 2542Email: [email protected]
Gulf CountriesTel.: + 966 3 847 31111 Fax: + 966 3 847 2542Email: [email protected]
ุฃูุดููุฃ ุงููููููุฏ ู ุคุณุณููุงุช ุงููููููุฏ ุจููู ุทููุงูู ูุฃุทูููู ุงูุชุณููุนูููุงุชุ ุฃูุงุฎููุฑ ูู ุงุฅููุณููุงููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุฎูููู ู ุคุณุณููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ
ูุฃูุนููุงู ุงูุฎุฑูููุฉ ุนููุงู 2013.ููู ุฎุชููุงู ุงุงูุฌุชููุงุนุ ูููุฏู ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงููููููุฏ ุจููู ุทููุงูู ุฅูู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ูุณููุฎุฉ ู ููู ุณููุฑุชู ููุงูุ ููู ุงุฃูุน ููุฑุ ุฑุฌ ููุฏ: ุงู ูููุงุฑุฏู ูููุงู "ุงูููู ุจุนููููุฏู ุชุฃููููู ุฑูููุฒ ุฎููุงู. ูุจููุฏูุฑู ุงุฃูู ููุฑ" ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุฅูู ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงููููููุฏ ูุณููุฎุฉ ู ููู ุณููุฑุชู ููุช ููุงูุถ ููุงู ููุงู ุงู ู ููู ุตููุฏุฑุช ุงูุน ููุฉ ุงูุช ุงูุฐุงุชู
ุฌุงุฆููุฒุฉ ู ุฑู ููููุฉ.
23 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
26 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ยฉ S
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ยฉ S
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ุงุณุชุซู ุงุฑ
ูู ุงูููุงุด ุฃูุฑูุจูุงุ ูู ุณูุงุณููุฉ ุงุถุทุฑุงุจูุงุช ุงููููุท ุฃุณูุนุงุฑ ูู ูุงููููุงุฑ - ุงู ูุชุญูุฏุฉ ุงููุงูููุงุช ููุตูู ุณูุนุฑ ุงูุฑู ููู ุฅูู 80 ุฏูุงูุฑุง ุฃู ุฑููููุง. ูุฐู ุจุนูุถ ุงูุชููุนูุงุช ุงูุฎุทูุฑุฉ ููุนูุงู ุงู ููุจูู. ูุงูููู
ุงูุชูููููุฌููุฉ! ุงูููุงุนูุฉ ุงููุฌูุงุฑ ุงุญุชูุงู ุนูู ูุนูุฏุฏ ุณูุชู ุฌุงููุจุณููู - ูููู ู ุญููู ู ุนูุฑูู ูุนุชูุฑ ุณูููุงุฑูููุงุช 10 ุชูุฑููุฑู ูู - ูู ุญูุฑุชู ุฅูู ููููุช ู ูููุง. ุงูุญูุฐุฑ ุงู ูุณูุชุซู ุฑูู ุนูู ุฃููู ุฃูููุง ููุณูุช ุชููุนูุงุช "ุฑุณูู ูุฉ" ุตูุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนูู ุจูู ุณุงูุณููุ ุจูู ุชููุฏู ุฅูู ูููุช ุงูุชุจูุงู ุงุฃูุดูุฎุงุต ุฅูู ู ุฎุงุทูุฑ ุงู ูุญุงูุธูุฉ ุนูู ุฑุฃุณ ุงู ููุงู ูุชุฌููุฒูู
ููุณูููุงุฑูู ุงุฃูุณููุฃ ูุจูู ุงุชุฎูุงุฐ ููุฑุงุฑ ุงุณูุชุซุงุฑู.ูุธูุฑุฉ ุชูููู ุฃู ู ูููุง ุงู ููุตููุฏ "ูููุณ ููููู ุชุดูุงุคู ูุฉ. ุจูู ุฅูููุง ุฃุญูุฏุงุซ ุฃุณุงุณููุฉ ููุฏ ุชููุฏ ุฅูู
ุงูุชุบููุฑุ ุนูู ุฃู ูู ุฃู ููููู ูุญูู ุงุฃููุถูู".ุฃุตุจุญูุช ุชููุนุงุช ุณูุชู ุฌุงููุจุณููู ู ุจุซุงุจุฉ ุชูููุฏ ุณูููู ูู ุฏูุฑุงุช ุงูุชูุฏุงูู. ููุฏ ุชุฐููุจ ุงูุชููุนุงุช ุงูุฎุทูุฑุฉ ุจุนููุฏุง ูู ุงูุชูุจูุค ุจุฃู ููุฑ ูุณูุชุจุนุฏ ุญุฏูุซูุง
ูู ุงูุณูููุ ูููู ู ูููู ุฃู ูุชุจูู ุฃูููุง ุตุญูุญุฉ.ูุญูุฐุฑ ุฌุงููุจุณูู "ูุนูุงูู ุงูุนูุงู ู ู ูู ุงุฎุชูุงูู ุบุฑ ู ุณูุจูู ูู ุงูุชููุงุฒู ูู ู ูุง ูุชุนูู ุจุชูุฒููุน ุงูุฑูุงุช ูุงูุฏุฎูู... ู ูููู ุฃู ุชูููู ุณููุฉ 2014 ููุฌุจ ุฃู ุชูููู ุงูุนูุงู ุงููุฐู ูุตุจูุญ ูููู ุงูุชุบููุฑ ุฑุถูุฑุฉุ ุงู
ุจูู ูุชูู ุชุทุจููู".ู ููุฐุฌูุง ุฃูุฑูุจูุง ุงุนุชูุงุฏ ุน ุชููู ุงูุงูุฆุญูุฉ ูุชุตูุฏุฑ ููููู ุงูุณููููุงุชูุฉ. ุงูุทุฑูููุฉ ุนูู ุงูุชุตุงุฏููุง ุฌุงููุจุณูู ุฅููู ููู ูุณ ูุฒุนูุฉ ู ููููุฉ ู ู ุงุฃูุณูุนุงุฑ ู ูุน ุชุณูุชู ุฑ ุฃู ููุชูููุน ุงูุถุนูููุฉ ุงุงูุณูุชูุงูููุฉ ุณููุฏูุน ู ูุง ุงููููุฑูุ ู ูุทููุฉ ูู ุงููู ูู ุงูุนูุฏุงู ุจุงู ูููุถููุฉ ุงุฃููุฑูุจููุฉ ุฅูู ุฅูุดูุงุก ู ุฌู ูุนูุฉ ุนู ูู ุชุฑููุฒ ุนูู ุงุนุชุงุฏ ุฑุถุงุฆุจ ู ุฎุชููุฉ ุนูู ุงู ูุฏุฎุฑุงุช
ุงูุชูู ุชูููู ููู ุชููุง ู ุฆูุฉ ุฃููู ุฏูุงูุฑ.ููููู ุฌุงููุจุณูู "ุณูุชููู ุงูุฎุทููุฉ ุงุฃูุฎูุฑุฉ ูุญู
ุงูุชูุชุงููุชุงุฑููุฉ ุงุฃููุฑูุจููุฉุ ูููุทูุฉ ุงูุญุถููุถ ูู ู ูุง ูุชุนููู ุจุงูุญูููู ุงููุฑุฏููุฉ ูุงูุนูุงุฑููุฉ. ูููุฏ ุนุฏููุง ุงุงูุชุญูุงุฏ ู ูููุฐุฌ ูุชุจููู ุงูููุฑุงุก ุฅูู ูุงู ููุฉ ุฏูุฑุฉ
ุงูุณููููุงูุช ู ูู ุฌุฏููุฏ".ูููู ุฃููุฑ ู ูุง ูุดูุบู ุชูููุฑู ููู ุงุงูุถุทุฑุงุจูุงุช ุฃูุฑูุจูุง. ูู ุญุฏูุซููุง ูุฎูู ุงูุชูู ุงูุณูุงุณููุฉ ููุชูููุน ุฃู ุชุจููุบ ููุทูุฉ ุงูุชูุฌูุฑ ุจุนูุฏ ุงุงููุชุฎุงุจูุงุช ุงูุฑู ูุงูููุฉ ุงุฃููุฑูุจููุฉ ูู ู ุงููู ุงู ููุจูู. ููููู "ุจุนูุฏ ู ูู ุงูุชูููุฏููุฉ ุงูุณูุงุณููุฉ ุงู ูุฌู ูุนูุงุช ุทูุฑุฏ ุงูุณููุทุฉุ ุณููุฎุชุงุฑ ุงูุฑู ููุงู ุงุฃููุฑููุจ ุงูุฌุฏูุฏ ุฑุฆูุณูุง ู ูุงูุถูุง ูุงูุชุญุงุฏ ุงุฃููุฑููุจุ ูุณููู ููุดูู ุฑุคุณูุงุก ุงููุฏูู ูุงูุญููู ูุงุช ุงุฃููุฑูุจููุฉ ูู ุงุฎุชููุงุฑ ุฑุฆููุณ ููู ููุถููุฉ ุงุฃููุฑูุจููุฉุ ู ุง ูุฌุนู ุฃูุฑูุจูุง ุชุบุฑู ู ู ุงูุณูุงุณููุฉ ูุงุงููุชุตุงุฏููุฉ". ุฌุฏููุฏ ูู ุงุงูุถุทุฑุงุจูุงุช
ู ูู ุงูุชููุนูุงุช ุงู ูุชุทุฑููุฉ ุงุฃูุฎุฑู ุญูุฏูุซ ุฑููุฏ ูู ุฃู ูุงูููุงุ ูุงูุนุฏุงู ู ุนูุฏู ุงููู ูู ูู ุงููุงููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญุฏุฉ ุจุณูุจุจ ุงูุฒููุงุฏุงุช ูู ุฃุณูุนุงุฑ ุงูููุงุฆูุฏ ูุนูุฏู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงุฃูุฌููุฑ. ูุนุชูุฑ ุฌุงููุจุณูู ุฃู ุงู ูุตูุงุฑู ุงู ูุฑูุฒููุฉ ูุตุงูุนู ุงูุณูุงุณูุงุช ูู ุงูุนูุงู ู ููุชูุฏูู ุฅูู ุงูุฒุฎู ููุชุฌูุจููู ุชุทุจููู ุงุฅูุตุงูุญูุงุช ุงู ููุงุณูุจุฉ ุงูุชู ู ู ุดูุฃููุง ุฃู ุชุณูุงูู ูู ุชุนุฒููุฒ ุงูุชุตุงุฏุงุชููู : "ูููู ูู ุงูุชู ูููุงุช ุจุฅุทูุงูู ุฐููู ู ูู ุจูุฏุงู ููุชูููู ูุชุญุณูู ุงูุณููู ุฃู ุงููุฑุชุฏุฏ ุฅูู ุงููููุณูุฉ ููุตูุงูุฉ
ู ูู ุฃุฌูู ุญูููู ุฃุฒู ููุฉ ุฃูุถู".ููุชูููุน ุฃูุถูุง "ุขุซูุงุฑุง ุณููุฆุฉ" ุนูู ุฃุณููู ุงูุฑุดูุงุช ู"ูุชูููููุณ" "ุฃู ูุงุฒูู" ู ุซูู ุงูุชูููููุฌููุฉุ ู"ุชูููุฑุช" ู"ุจููุฏูุฑุง ู ูุฏูุง" ู"ููููุจ". ูููู "ููู ุฉ ุฃุณููู ูุทูุงุน ุชูููููุฌููุง ุงู ูุนููู ูุงุช ุงุฃูู ุฑูู ูู ูู ุงูุญูุงูู ุชุฎู ููููุง ู ูู ุงู ูุฆูุฉ ูู ุจูู15 ุฃููู S&P 500". ููุถููู "ูููู ู ุฌู ูุนูุฉ ุตุบูุฑุฉ ู ูู ุฃุณููู ุงููุฑุดูุงุช ุงูุชูููููุฌููุฉ ูุชูู ุชุฏุงูููุง ุชุฎู ููููุง ุงู ูุฆูุฉ ูู 700 ุจูุญูู ููููู ุจุณูุนุฑ ุงูุฎู ูุณ โุงููุฑุดูุงุช ููุฐู ุชุดููู ุงูุณููู. ูู
ุงูุจุฏูููุฉโ ููุงุนูุฉ ุฌุฏููุฏุฉ ุถู ูู ููุงุนูุฉ ูุฏู ููุฉุ ุงูุดูุฏูุฏ ุงู ูุณูุชุซู ุฑูู ุฅูุจูุงู ุจุณูุจุจ ูุฐููู ุนูู ุชูุธููู ุฃู ูุงูููู ูู ุณูููุงุฑูููุงุช ุงููู ูู
ุงู ูุงูููุฉ". ุงุฃูุฒู ูุฉ ุฃุนููุงุจ ูู ุงูููุงุฏุฑุฉ ุฅููู ุงููููุทุ ูููููู ูุชุนููู ุจุณููู ุฃู ูุง ูู ู ูุง "ุณูุชุบุฑู ุงูุนูุฑุถ: ูุงุฆูุถ ู ูู ุงูุชูุจูู ูุฌูุจ ุงูุณููู ุงูุนุงู ูููุฉ ุจุงููููุท ุจูุถูู ุงุฑุชููุงุน ู ุนูุฏู ุงูุชูููุฏููุฉ ุบูุฑ ุงุฃูุณูุงููุจ ุจูุงุณูุทุฉ ุงุฅููุชูุงุฌ ู ููุฐ ู ูุฑุฉ ุฃููู ุงูุณูุนูุฏู. ุงุฅููุชูุงุฌ ูุฒููุงุฏุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุชุญููุท ุตูุงุฏููู ุชูุฌูุฃ ุณููู ุณูููุงุชุ ุงูุจููุน ุงู ููุดููู ุนูู ูุทูุงู ูุงุณูุนุ ู ูุง ููุคุฏู 80 ุฅูู ุจุฑููุช ูููุท ุจุฑู ููู ุณูุนุฑ ุชุฑุงุฌูุน ุฅูู
ุฏูุงูุฑุง".ููููุช ุฌุงููุจุณูู ุฅูู ุฃู ุงุญุชูุงู ุญูุฏูุซ ูุฐู ุงูุชููุนูุงุช ู ูุฎููุถ ุฅูู ุญูุฏ ูุจุฑุ ูููู ุงู ูุญููู ุฅูู ุจุงุงูุณูุชูุงุฏ ุงุณูุชุฎูุตููุง ุณุงูุณูู ุจููู ูู - ู ุณูุชุจุนุฏุฉ ูุงููุช ูููู - ู ุนููููุฉ "ุณูุณููุฉ
ู ูู ุงุฃูุญูุฏุงุซ ูู ุงูุณููู ูุงูุณูุงุณูุฉ".
ุชููุนุงุช ุฎุทุฑูุฉ
ูุนุงู 2014ููุชูุง ูู ูู ูุฑุฉ ุจููุฑูุฉ ููุชููุน ููู ุณูููู ุฃุฏุงุก ุงุฃูุณูุงู ุงูุนุงูู ูุฉ ุฎุงูู ุงูุนุงู ุงูู ูุจู. ูู ูู ุนุงู ุ ูุตุฏุฑ ุณุชูู ุฌุงููุจุณููุ ูุจูุฑ ุงุงููุชุตุงุฏููู ูู ุจูู ุณุงูุณูุ "ุชููุนุงุชู ุงูุฎุทูุฑุฉ".
ุฌูุงูุง ุฃูุฏุฑูุฒ ุชุชููู ุนูุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงูุชููุนุงุช ุงุฃูุณุงุณูุฉ.
25 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ยฉ S
hutt
erst
ock
ู ูุงูุฑูู
ุจูุบุงุชู
ุจูุชูู
ุงู ูููุฏู "ู ูุงูุฑูููู" ูููุฏู ูุงุถููุญ ู ููู ุฅุทููุงูู ุณูููุงุฑุฉ P1 - ุตูููุน ุงูุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุงุฃููุถููู ูู ุงูุนููุงู ู ุนููู ุงูุทุฑูููู ููู ุญูุจููุฉ ุงูุณููุจุงู!
ููููุณ ู ูุงุฌุฆููุง ุฃู ุณูููุงุฑุฉ P1 ู ููู "ู ูุงูุฑูููู" ุชุญูููู ูุฌุงุญููุง ูุงุฆููุงู ูู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช. ูุจูุถููู ูููุฐุง ุงูุชุฃููููุ ูุฏู ููุช ููููุง ูุฑูููุฉ ุงุงูุณููุชุนุฑุงุถุงุช ููุฉ ููุฑุงุก"ุ ุงูุชุญู ููุฉ ุจููู"ุฑุณุจ ุงูุณูููุงู ุงูุญู ููุฉ ุงู ูุนุฑูู ููุฉ ุงูุฑูุทุงูู ุงูุฌูููู ุญูููู ูููุชูููู ุฃููููู ูู ู ูุชุฌููุน ูุณููุจุง ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุบุฑุงูููุฏ ุจูุชููุด ูู
ูููู ููุฑ 2013.ููููุงู ููููุท 375 ุณูููุงุฑุฉ P1 ูู ุงูุนููุงู ู... ูููุฅุฐุง ููููุช ุชุฑุบููุจ ูู ุงูุญุตูููู ุนููู ูุงุญููุฏุฉุ ู ููู ุงุฃููุถููู ุฃู ุชุณููุงุฑุน ุฅูู ุญุฌุฒูููุง ุฃูู 40 ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ููููุท ุณููุชุตู ุฅูู ุงู ููุทูููุฉ! ูุจูููุบ ุณููุนุฑ ุงูุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุงููุงุญููุฏุฉ 5.1
ู ุงููููู ุฏุฑูููู ุฅู ููุงุฑุงูุช.ููููู ุฅุฐุง ู ู ุชุชู ูููู ู ููู ุงูุญุตูููู ุนููู ูููุฐู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุฉุ ู ูููููู ุฑุดุงุก 12C-MP4 ุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุฃุฎููุฑู ุฎุงุฑูููุฉ ูู ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ "ู ูุงูุฑูููู"ุ ู ููููุง
.12C Spider-MP4ูููู ููุฉ ู ูููุงุฑุฉ ุฎุงุฑู ููู ุฃูู ุณ ูููุงุฑุฉ P1 ู ูููุงู "ุณ ูููุฑุฌ ุฏูู ูููู ุฌ ููููุนูููุง ุชุณููุชูุฏ ุฅูู ุชูููููุฌูููุง ุงูููุฑู ูููุงู ูุงูุ ูุชุชู ูููุฒ ุจุฃุณููููุจูุง ุงููุฑูููุฏ. ุฅููููุง ุฃูู ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ูุฌููููุฉ ู ููู ุฅูุชููุงุฌ ู ูุงูุฑููููุ ููููู ุงุฃููููู ููู ุณููุชุตูุน 375 ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ููููุท ูููู ุทุงุจุนูููุง ุงูุญููุฑู ุฅุฐ ุฅู ู ูุงูุฑู
."P1 ููู ุทููุฑุงุฒ ู
ูุณููู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุงููุฎู ููุฉ ูู ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุฐ.ู .ู ูููู ููุฐ ููุงุฑุงุช ู ู ููู" ูู ุงุฅูู ูููุงุฑุงุช "ุจูุช ููุฏ ูุณ ููููู ุงููุญู ููุชูุฑุฏ ุงููุงู ุงู ูุณ
ููุงู 1982. ุนููุง ููุน ุจู ููู ูุชู ุช ููุฒ ุงูุดูููุฑุฉ ุงููุงุณููุนุฉ ุงูุช ููุง ูุณููุงูู ุฃูุถููุง ูู ุชุนุฒู ูู ูููุฐุง ุงููุณููู ูููู ุฃูููู ูุจูููุน ุงูุนููุฏุฏ ุงุฃููููุฑ ู ููู ุณูููุงุฑุงุช "ุจูุชููู" ูู
ุงูุนููุงู ู. ููููุฐุง ู ุตููุฏุฑ ุงุนุชููุฒุงุฒ ูุจููุฑ!ุชุฃุณุณููุช ุฑุดูููุฉ "ุจูุชููู" ุนููุงู 1919 ุนููู ูููุฏ ุฏุจููููู ุฃู ุจูุชููู. ูุงู ูุฏูููู "ุตูููุน ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุฌูููุฏุฉุ ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุฑุณูุนููุฉุ ุงูุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุงุฃููุถููู ูู ูุฆุชูููุง". ูุญุชููู ููู ูููุง ูููุฐุงุ ุธูููุช ุงูุฑุดูููุฉ ุนููู ูููุฏุฑ ุงุขูู ููุงู ุงูุชููู
ุนูุฏูููุง ุนูููููุง ู ุคุณุณููููุง.ูููููู ุฌูููุฑุฌ ุฏูููููุงูุ ู ุฏูููุฑ ูุณููู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุงููุฎู ููุฉ ูู ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงู ูุฏููููุง ุงู ูุตููุนููุฉ "ุจูุชููู" ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุฅู ููุณูููุงุฑุงุชุ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ููุง ูุธููุฑุง ุฅูู ููู ููุนู ููุฏุฉ ู ููู ูุฑู ููุง ุฃู ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฎููุฑู: "ุจูุช ุชุถุงูููุญุฑููุชูููุง ูุฅุฑุซูููุง ูุทุงุจุนูููุง ุงู ูุดููุฎุตูุ ููููู ุงุฃููููู ูููู ุงูุญุฑูููุฉ
ููู". ููุฉ ุจูุช ููุง ู ุงุฑู ููุฒ ุจู ููู ุชุชู ู ุงูุชููููุฏ ุฃุทูููู ุตุงูููุน ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุงููุฎู ููุฉ ู ุคุฎููุฑุง ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ู ููู Barnato ููุจ ููุฉ: ุญูุงุฆ ูููู ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุชู ููุฉ ููุณ ููุฏ ุงู ูุฎุตุต ููุจ ุงูู ุญูุงุฆููุง ุจุงุฑูุงุชูููุ ุงุจูููุฉ ูููููู ุจุงุฑูุงุชูููุ ุงูุฑุฃุณููุงูู ุงูุชููู ุชุญู ููู ุงุณููู ุฏูุงูุงูุฑูุทููุงูู ูุณููุงุฆู ุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุณููุจุงู ุงูููุฐู ุงุนุชููุฑ ูุงุญููุฏุง ู ููู "ูุชูุงู Continental ุจูุชููู" ูู ุนุฑุดูููููุงุช ุงููููุฑู ุงู ูููุงูุถุ ูุญูุงุฆููุจ
ููุช. ููุฉ ุงูุตู ููู" ุงูุฐุงุฆุน ููุงุฐุฌ "ุจูุช ููุง ุจุฃุญููุฏ ู ู ูุช ุชูู ู ููู ููู ุณ ุงูุช
ุณูููุงุฑุฉ Meo Costantini ุงูุชููู ุฃุทูููููุง ุตุงูููุน ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช "ุจูุบููุงูุช" ูู ุฅุทููุงุฑ ู ุฌู ูุนุชููู ุงูุดูููุฑุฉ ุนุงู ููููุง Veyronุ ุชุนุชููุฑ ุฑุณููู ูุง ุงุฃูุฑุณุน ูู ุงูุนููุงู ูุ ูุชุจููุงุน ุจุซู ููู ุจุงูููุธ ูุถุงูููู ู ุฒุงูุงูุง.
ููุฏุงุฏ ููุช ุจุฃุน ููู ุฃูุชุฌ ูููุงุฑุฉ Grand Sport Vitesse ุงูุช ููู ุณ ููู ูุง ุน ููู ุฑุณ ููุฑู ุงููุด ููุฏ ุฌ ููู ุญููุฏูุฏุฉุ ูุชุตููู ููุชูููุง ุงูุญุตุงููููุฉ ุฅูู 1200ุ ูู ู ุนููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ุงูููุฏููู ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช. ูุดููุงุฑ ุฅูู ุฃูููู ุณูููุชู ุชุตููููุน ุซููุงูุซ ุณูููุงุฑุงุช ููููุทุ ูุชุจูููุบ ูููููุฉ ุงููุงุญููุฏุฉ ู ููููุง 2.09 ู ูููููู ููููุฑู )10.4
ููู ุฏ.ุฅ.(. ู ุงููููููุฐู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุงูุซุงูุซููุฉ ูู ุณูุณูููุฉ ู ููู ุณููุช ุณูููุงุฑุงุช Veyron ุณูููุชู ุฅุทุงูููููุง ุชุญููุช ุงุณููู "ุฃุณููุงุทุฑ ุจูุบููุงูุช" )Les Legendes de Bugatti(. ููููุฐู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ู ูููุฏุงุฉ ุฅูู ุณููุชุฉ ุฃุดููุฎุงุต ุชุฑููููุง ุจุตู ููุฉ ุฎุงูููุฏุฉ ูู ุชุงุฑูููุฎ ุงูุฑุดูููุฉ. ููููุฏ ูุงู Meo Costantini ุตุฏููููุง ู ูุฑุจููุง ู ูุคุณููุณ ุงูุฑุดูููุฉุ ุฅูุชูููุฑ ุจูุบููุงูุช. ููููุฏ ุชููููู ุฑุฆุงุณููุฉ ูุฑูููู ุงูุณููุจุงู ูู ู ุตูููุน "ุจูุบููุงูุช" ูุณููููุงุช ุนููุฏุฉุ
.Targa Florio ููุงู ุฃูุถููุง ุณููุงุฆูุง ููููุงุฒ ู ุฑุชููู ูู ุณููุจุงููููููู ุฌูููุฑุฌ ุฏูููููุงูุ ู ุฏูููุฑ ูุณููู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุงููุฎู ููุฉ ูููุฏู ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช "ุฅูููู ูููุฑุดู ุนุธูููู ููููุง ุฃู ูููููู ุฃูู ู ููู ูุทูููู ูููุฐู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุนุงู ููููุง ุฎููุงูู ู ุนููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ
ุงูููุฏููู ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช. ุชููุฏุฑู ุจูุบููุงูุช ุฃูู ูููุฉ ูููุฐู ุงูุณูููู".
ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุณูุงุฑุงุช
ู ุนุฑ๏ฟฝุณ ุฏุจู ุงูุฏููู
ูู๏ฟฝุณูุงุฑุงุช
24 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุฌู ุฃูู ุณู ู ูุชูุฑุฒุดูุฑูู ูุชุณูุจูุดู
ุชุฑุดูุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุณูุงุฑุงุช ุชูุทูู ุจุฃููุต ุฒุฎู ! ููุฏ ูุงูุช ููุง ุญุตุฉ ุงุฃูุณุฏ ูู ุงูุฏูุฑุฉ ุงูุซุงููุฉ ุงูุนุฑุดุฉ ู ูุนุฑุถ ุนุงู ู ูู ุชุฃุซุฑุง ูุงุฃููุฑ ุงุฃููุฑ ุงูุญุฏุซ ุฅูู ุฃูุฏุฑูุฒ ุฌูุงูุง ุชูุฌูุช .2013 ูููู ุฑ ูู ููุณูุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏููู ุฏูุจ
ุงูุณูุงุฑุงุช ูู ุงู ููุทูุฉ ู ูุนุงููุฉ ู ุง ููุฏู ู ุงู ูุนุฑุถ...
ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช ูููู ุงููููููู "ู ูุชุณูููุจููุด" ูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุญููุฑู ุนููุงุฏุช ูููุฐู ููููุฏ ุนููุงู 1983(. )ู ูููุฐ ุณูููุงุฑุงุช ูุนููุฏุฏ ุฌูููุฏุฉุ ุจุซููุงุฑ ุงูุนุงููููุฉ ูููููู ููููุง ุชุจููุงุน ุงูุชููู "ู ูุชุณูููุจููุด"
ุงูุนููุงู ู. ูู ุขุฎููุฑ ู ูููุงู ุฃู ูู ุงูุนููุฏุฏ ูู ุงู ููุชููุฏุจ ุงูุนุถููู ูุงู ููุฑุ ูุงุฑู ูููููู ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช "ุงู ุชููุฒุงู ู ููู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุงู ููุถูููุฉ ูู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช. ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ููุน ููู ู ููุนุ ูู ููู ุงูุฌู ู ููุฉ ู ููุฑู ู ุญุจุจ ุงูุจุงุฌุฅุทููุงูู ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ู ููุฑุงุฌ ุงูุฌุฏูููุฏุฉ ุนููุงู 2013 ุงูููุฐู ุฌููุฑู ุงูุฌุฏูููุฏ ุฃูุชุงููููุฏุฑ ูุฌูููุจ ููุฏููู ููุณูููุงุฑุงุชุ ููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ุงู ููู ูู ู ุน ุฅุทุงูู
ุชูุชุณููุจ ู ูุชุณูููุจููุด ุฒุฎููุง ู ุชุฒุงูููุฏุง".ุฌููุฏุง ู ุชุญู ุณูููู "ูุญููู ูุงู ููุฑ ุฃุถููุงู ุฃุชููุฑุงุฌ ู ูุชุณูููุจููุด ุณูููุงุฑุฉ ุฅูุทููุงูู ุงูุฌุฏูููุฏุฉ ูู ููููุช ูุฑูููุจ. ูุนุชูููุฏ ุฃู ูููุฐู ููุงุงู ููุชููู ุฅูุจ ููุฉ ุณ ููุฉ ููุจูุฆ ูููุงุฑุฉ ุงูุตุฏูู ุงูุณ
ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช". ูู ุดููุฏูุฏุง
ูุงููุช ู ุงุฑููุฉ "ุดูุฑู" ุงูุชูู ุชุนุชูุฑ ู ูู ูุจูุงุฑ ุตุงูุนูู ุงูุณููุงุฑุงุช ูู ุงูุตููุ ุนูู ู ูุนูุฏ ู ูุน ุงูุทุงูููุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ูู ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ุจูุถู ุฑุดูุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุณููุงุฑุงุช! ูููุฏ ุฌูุฑู ุงููุดูู ุนูู ุณููุงุฑุงุช "ุดูุฑู" ูู ู ุนูุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ุงููุฏููู ููุณููุงุฑุงุช ูุจู ุฃููุงู ููุท ู ูู ุงูุชุชุงุญ ุตุงูุฉ ุนูุฑุถ ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ ุนู ุทุฑููู ู ุทูุงุฑ ุฏูุจ. ููููู ูุงุฑู ูุงู ูุฑ "ููููู ุงูุชุชูุงุญ ุตุงูุฉ ุนุฑุถ ุซุงูููุฉ ูู ุฃุจูุธุจู ูู ุงููุตู ุงุฃููู ู ูู ุนูุงู 2014ุ ูุตุงููุฉ ุซุงูุซูุฉ ูู ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช
ุงูุดูุงููุฉ ูู ุงูุฑุจูุน ุงุฃูุฎูุฑ ู ูู ุงูุนูุงู ุงู ููุจู".ุชุชุถู ูู ุงู ูุฌู ูุนุฉ ู ุซูุงูู ุณููุงุฑุงุช ู ุฎุชููุฉ ู ู "ุดูุฑู"ุ ุจููููุง ุณููุงุฑุฉ Tiggoุ ูููู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุณููุงุฑุฉ ุฑูุงุถููุฉ ุตุบูุฑุฉ ูุจููุบ ุณูุนุฑูุง ูุญูู 55
ุฃููู ุฏุฑูู ุฅู ูุงุฑุงูุช.ููุฑูู ูุงู ูุฑ "ุชูููููุง ุขุฑุงุก ุฅูุฌุงุจููุฉ ุฌูุฏุง ู ูู ุงูุนู ูุงูุก ุงูุฐููู ุฃุซูููุง ุนูู ุงูุฑุงุญูุฉ ูุงุฃูุณูููุจ ุงูุนูุฑู ุงููุฐููู ุชุชู ููุฒ ุจูุง ููุฐู ุงูุณููุงุฑุงุช. ู ูู ุงู ูุคููุฏ ุฃู ุณููุงุฑุฉ Tiggo ุงูุฌุฏููุฏุฉ ู ูู
ุดูุฑู ุณูุชุญูู ูุฌุงุญูุง".
ุฃุถุงูููุช ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุงุณููุง ุตูููุง ุขุฎููุฑ ูููู "ุฌููู ุฃูููู ูุณ ู ูุชูููุฑุฒ" ุงูุชููู ุชุตูููุน ููุง ูู ููุนุงุฑุ ุฅูู ู ุฌู ูุนุชู ููุฉ ุงุฃูุณ ูููุงุฑุงุช ู ูุจูู ุณ
ุนููุงู 2013.ูููููู ุฌููู ุฑูุบููุงูุ ู ุฏูููุฑ ุงู ูุจูุนููุงุช ูู ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช "ุจุนููุฏ ุงูุฒูููุงุฑุฉ ุงูุชููู ูู ูููุง ุจูููุง ุฅูู ุฑุดูููุฉ ุฌููู ุฃูููู ูุณ ู ูุชูููุฑุฒ ูู ุงูุตูููุ ุชููููู ูุฏููููุง ุงูุชูุงุน ุจุฃููุง ุณููุชููู ุฑุดููููุง ู ุซุงููุง ููููุง ูู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช. ูุงุณููุชุซุงุฑ ุฑุดูููุฉ ุฌููู ุฃูููู ูุณ ูู ุงูุนู ููููุงุช ูุงูุชูููููุฌูููุง ูุถุงู ุนู ู ูุชุฌุงุชูุง ุงููุงุฆูููุฉ ุงูุชูุงูุณูููุฉุ ู ููู ุณูููุงุฑุงุช ููููุฑูุงุจ ูุขููููุงุช ุชุฌุงุฑูููุฉ ุนููู ุงูุณูููุงุกุ ุฌุนููููุง ุฑุดููููุง ููู ููุช ุฌ ููุฏ ุตูู ููุง. ูู ููุจุฉ ุฅููู ููุงู ุจุงููุณ ู ูุถููู ูู ููู ูุณ ูู ูุงู ุฆููุฉ ุงู ูููุงุฑูุงุช ุงูุนููุฑุด ุงุฃููุงุฆ ุฃู
ุตูุงุนููุฉ ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ูู ุงูุตููู".ุณูููู ุชูุชุชููุญ ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ููุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุฃูู ุตุงูููุฉ ุนููุฑุถ ู ุฎุตุตููุฉ ูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ุฌููู ุฃูู ูุณ ู ูุชูููุฑุฒ ุนููู ุทุฑูููู ู ุทููุงุฑ ุฏูุจ ูู ุงูุฑุจููุน ุงุฃููู
ู ููู ุนููุงู 2014.
23 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ยฉ S
hutt
erst
ock
ููุจุฉ ููุฉ ุจุงููุณ ููุง ุงู ููู ููุฑุชุช ุงููุถุงู ููุน. ุงุฎ ููู ุฌุชู ููุงุนุฏุฉ ูู ุฃู ููู ุงู ูุณ ููุชุนุฏ ูุชูุฏู ููู ู ุณ ุฅูู. ููููู ูููุงู ูุญุชููุงุฌ ุฅูููููุง ูู ูุตุจููุญ ุนุงู ููููุง ุฃูุถููู".
ููุฑุฉ ูู ููุงุช ูุซ ูููุฑ ุฃู ุงุงูุญุชูุงุฌ ููู ุงูุญุจุช ูุถูุงูุนููุงู ูุ ูุฃูููู ูุฑูููุฏ ุฃู ุชููููู ู ุคุณุณููุชู ู ุญูููุฒุง ููุชุบูููุฑ: "ุงู ุชูุชููุฑ ู ูู ููุฉ ู ุคุณุณููุฉ ุฎูููู ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุนููู ุงูุชููุฑุน ุจุงู ูููุงูุ ุจููู ุชููููู ุฃูุถููุง ุนููู ุชุญููููุฒ ุงู ูุดููุงุฑูุฉ ูุชุญููููุฒ ุงู ูุฌุชู ููุน ุฑ ุจูุงู ูููู ุนููู ุงุงููุฎููุฑุงุท. ููููุฐุง ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุงู ููููุฏ
ู ุจููุงู".ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุดููุฎุตูุฉ ู ุนุฑููููุฉ ูู ุฅูููููููู ูู ุจุนููุฏ ุตูุชููู ุฐุงุน ุญูููุซ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุงููุงููููุงุช ู ุณููุงูู ุชู ูู ุชุฑู ูููู ูุงุนููุฉ Whipple Hall ูู ุฅูููููููู ูููููุฏุฌุ ุงูุชููู ูุนูููุฏ ุจูุงุคูููุง ุฅูู ุนููุงู 1882. ูุจูุถููู ุฏุนู ูููุ ุชุญููููุช ุงููุงุนููุฉ ู ุฑูููุฒุง ูุชุฏุฑูููุจ ูููุงุฏุฉ ุงููููุฑู ุงูุญููุงุฏู ูุงูุนุฑุดููููุ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ุฎูููู ุจู"ู ุฑูููุฒ ุชุนููุฑู ูุจุงุชููุช ูุจููุฑุฉุ ุชุงุฑูุฎูููุฉ ุฃูู ูููุฉ ููู ุฑูููุฒ ููููููุงุฏุฉ".
ููุณููุชุถูู ู ุญููุงุฑุถุงุช ูููุง ุฃูููู ูุถููู ู ูุชุจููุฉ ุชุญุชูููู ุนููู ุฃูุฑุงู ูุฃุบููุฑุงุถ ุนุงุฆููุฏุฉ ุฃูุจุฑุงูููุงู
ููููููููู.ูููุฑ "ุนููู ุงูุฑุบููู ู ููู ููุฑุฏุฏ ุงูุญุจุช ููุง ู ููุง ู ุบุงูุจูุฑูููู ุงุฅููุฌููุงูุจ ููุชุนููููู ุงููุธุงู ููู ูู ุตุบููุฑูุ ููู ููุฑ ุงูุชุนูู ููุง ุฃุนุช ููุง. ูุฃู ููู ุงูุญู ููุช ุฃูู ูุช ุฃุฏุฑูููุฉุ ููุฑุฉ ุงุฃูุฑุถู ููุชูุจู ุงูู ูููู ู ูุณ ููุฉ ุงููุต ุงุฃูููููููุญ ุนููู ู ุณููุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู ูุคุณุณููุงุช ููุง ู ููุช ููู ุฃู ูุฐู
ููู ุชุญุณููู ู ูุดููุขุชูุง". ููุฉ ุน ุงูุฑุชุจูููุฏุนููู ุจุงู ูููุงู ูุซููุฑุฉ ุฃุญูุงูููุง ุชููุฑุน ููููุฏ ููุงู 2010ุ ููู ุน ููุง. ูู ููู ุจู ููู ูุคู ููุง ุงูุช ุงููุถุงูุฃุญู ููุฏ ุฎูููู ูู ุถููุงุฑ "ุงุณููุชุงุฏ ุงูุชุชููุญ ููุฑุฉุ ููุฉ ูู ุงููุงู ููุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑููู ูููุฑ" ูู ุงูุฌุงู ุน ุงูุญุจุชููุฉ ููุฐู ุงูุถููู ุฅูู ู ุตููุงู ุงู ููุดููุขุช ุงูุฑูุงุถู ูุงูููุน ู ุจุนุงูููุฑ ุฃูู ูุจูููุฉ. ุงูุนุงู ููููุฉ ุงูุทููุฑุงุฒ ุงูุชููู ุชุชู ุชููุงุฏ ููุฉ ุงุงูุชุญ ููู ู ุฏุฑุณ ููู ู ุคุณ ูููุฑ ู ููุงู ุงูุญุจุชูู ุฏูุจ. ููููุฐุงู ููุณููุง ุณูููู ู ุฌููุฑุฏ ู ุซุงูููู ุนููู
ู ุดููุงุฑูุนู ูู ุงููุทููุงุน ุงูุชุนููู ููู.
ูุงู ุฆุชูููุง ูู "ููุฑุจููุณ"ุ ู ุฌูููุฉ ุตููููุช ุงูุณูููููุฉ ุนููู ุงุฃูุนููุงู ุงูุฎุฑูููุฉุ ูุจููุงุฑ ุงู ูุชุฑุนููู ูู ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ. ููููุฏ ุงุญุชููู ุจูููู ูู ุฑูููุฏุง ููุบ ุชุตููู ููุง ู ุจุจุงู ููุฏ ุชุฑุนู ููุณ ุงูุตููุฏุงุฑุฉ ุจุน ุบุงูุชููุง ููุงู 2012. ูุชุจุนู ููุงุฑู ุฏูุงูุฑ ุน ููู ู ูู ุฅูู ูุญุจูููุงุฑู ุถุฆูููู ูุงุฑู ุจุงูููุชุ ู ุคุณููุณ "ุจุฑูุดููุงูุฑ ูุงุซูููุงู" ุงู ูููููุจ ุจู"ุญููููู ุฃูู ุงูููุง"ุ ูุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุงูุชูููููุฐู ู ูููููุน "ูุงูุณููุจูู"ุ ู ููุงุฑู ุฒููุฑุจููุฑุบุ
ููุฉ ุงูุฑุงุจุนููุฉ. ููุฐู ุญููู ูู ุงู ูุฑุชุจ ุงูุงูููููุงู ุงูุฌู ูููุน "ุฃูุงุดููุฏ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ูููููู ู ุจููุง ูููู ู ุจูุฏูุฑูููู ููู ุณููุงูู ุฉ ูู ุงุฃูุนููุงู ุงูุฎุฑูููุฉ. ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฏู ูู ูุงุญููุฏ ู ูููุง ุฏูุฑูุ ุณูููุตุจุญ ูุฃุญูุงุฏูููุง. ุฃููุงูุฏูููุง ุฃูุถููู ู ูุงูููุง ุนุงู ููููุง ุฃุทููููุช ุงู ูุคุณุณููุฉ ู ููู ุฃุฌููู ุชุฃู ููู ุงุณููุชุฏุงู ุฉ ููุฏ ููุฑ ุฌู ููุฉ ุฃู ููุงุช ุฎุฑู ููุงุก ู ุคุณุณ ููู. ุฅูุด ุงูุนู ููู ูููุงุฒู ู ููู ุงูุช ููู ุชุฃู ููู ุงู ูู ููู ู ููุฏุงุ ูู ุฌูุงูููุช ุณูููุงุก ุงุงูุณููุชุฏุงู ุฉุ ุชุญููููู ุฎููุงูู
ุงูุชุตุงุฏูููุฉ". ุฃู ุจูุฆูููุฉ ุฃู ุงุฌุชุงุนูููุฉ
22 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุฃุนู ุงู ุฎูุฑูุฉ
ููุฉ ูู ููุฉ ุฌููุฑู ููุงู ููู ููุญ ุงุฅูุญุณ ุฃุตุจููุฑ ู ููู ุงูููุฑุดูุงุช ุญูููู ุงูุนููุงู ูุ ูุธููุฑ ุนููุฏุฏ ูุจุฎุตููุต ููููุฏ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ. ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ูุฃูููููุง ุฑุฆูููุณ ู ุฌูููุณ ุงุฅูุฏุงุฑุฉุ ุฎูููู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑุ 20 ูู ุงู ูุฆููุฉ ู ููู ุฃุณูููู ุงู ูุฌู ูุนููุฉ ุงูุชููู ุฃุณุณูููุง ูุจููู ุฃูููุฑ ู ููู 40 ุนุงู ููุง ููู ุณููุงุนุฏุงุช ุงุฅููุณููุงููุฉ. ูููููู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ "ุฃุทููููุช ู ุคุณุณููุชู ููุถููุน ูู ููุช ููุง ุชุญ ููุงูู ููู ููู ุฃุณ ููุฉ ุงูุช ููุงู ุงูุฎุฑู ุงุฃูุนู ุธูููุฉ ูุงุญููุฏุฉ ุจุทุฑููููุฉ ู ูุณูููุฉ ุฌููุฏุง. ุฃูุดููุฃุช ู ุคุณุณููุฉ ู ุณููุชุฏุงู ุฉ ุชุนู ููู ุนููู ุฅุญููุฏุงุซ ูููุงุฑู
ููุฏุง". ูููู ูุบ ููุง ุงูู ูู ู ุฌุชู ุนุงุชูุฅู ูููุง ู ุนุทููุงุกุ ุฑุฌููุงู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ูุงู ูุทุงู ูููุง ููุฉ ููุฉ ู ุชูุงุถุน ููู ุฎููู ููุงุฏู ู ููู ู ููุน. ูู ุจุชูุงุถุงูุญุฑู ููุงู. ูุชููุจ ูู ุณููุฑุชู ููุนููุฑู ู ุนูููู ููุช ููุงู 2013 ูุงูุถู ููุฏุฑุช ุน ููู ุต ููุฉ ุงูุช ุงูุฐุงุชูุฅูู ุงูุฆุญููุฉ ุงููุชููุจ ุงุฃููุถููู ู ุจูุนููุงุ "ู ู ููููู ุงูุนุฑูููุฉ ุงูุฑุงุญููุฉ ูุณููุงุฆู ู ููู ุฃูููุง ู ููููู ูููู . ูููุงุช ุงูู ููู ุงู ูุณ ููุงุณ ู ููุง ุงูู ููู ูุนุชุฑู ุงูุช
ุชุญุชูู ู ุคุณุณุฉ ุฎูู ุฃุญู ุฏ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ูุฃูุนุงู ุงูุฎุฑูุฉ ุจุงูุฐูุฑู ุงุฃูููู ูุชุฃุณูุณูุง ูู ููุงูุฑ 2014. ุจุนุฏ ู ุฑูุฑ ุงุซูู ุนุฑุด ุดูุฑุง ุนู ุงุงููุทุงููุฉุ ุชุชููู ุฌูุงูุง ุฃูุฏุฑูุฒ ุนูุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู ูุญุทุงุช ุงุฅููุฌุงุจูุฉ ุงูุชู ูุงูุช ููู ุคุณุณุฉ
ู ุณุงูู ุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูุฉ ูููุง.
ูุงู ุงูุญููุงู ูู ู ูุฒููููุง ุนุจููุงุฑุฉ ุนููู ุญูููุฑุฉ ูู ุงุฃูุฑุถ ุฎููุงุฑุฌ "ุงูุจุงุฑุงุณููุชู" ]ููููุฎ ู ุตููููุน ู ููู ูููุฉ ููุงู ุงูุด ููุญุจ ู ู ููุง ูุณ ููู[. ูู ููุนู ุงููุฎู ุณูููุง". ููุง ุจุฃููุณ ููู ุญูุฑูุงู ููู ู ุฑุชู ููุงุฑ ุจุนู ููู ุขุจ ู
ููุฐุง ููุง ูู ููุท. ุฑู ุจ ููุฐูุฑู ู ูููุฑ ุฌ ููุณ ุงูุญุจุช ู ู ููุงูุณููุจุจ ุงุณููุชุทุงุน ุฃู ูุตุจููุญ ุนููู ู ููุง ูููู ููู ู ููู ุงุณ ููุฉ ุชุญู ููู ู ุคุณุณ ูููู . ุฃุทู ููู ุงูู ุนููููุฐ ุฃุนุงูููู ุงูุฎุฑูููุฉ ุงูููููู ูู ููุงูููุฑ 2013. ูุชููู ููู ุฎููุงูู ู ุณููุฌุฏ ูู ุฑูููุฒ ุงููููุงุฑูู ุนู ููุฑ ููุน ููู ุงูุฑุงุฆ ููุฒ ุจุชุตู ูู ููุฐู ูุชู ู ููู ุงูุฎุทููุงุจ ุงู ุจููุน ุงุฃูุฒุฑู ูู ุงุณููุทูุจููุ ููู ุงูุฌุงู ุงู ูุณููุชูุญู ู ููุฐู ูุฏู ููู ุฑุฆูููุณ ู ุฌูููุณ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ูุงูุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ูุฏูููุฉ ูุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ
ุนููุงู 2011.ูู ุงุฃูุดูููุฑ ุงุงูุซูููู ุนููุฑุด ุงู ูุงุถูููุฉุ ุชุฑุนููุช ุงู ูุคุณุณููุฉ ุจุงุฃูู ูููุงู ููุถุงูููุง ูุซููุฑุฉุ ู ููููุง ู ุฑูููุฒ ุฎูููู ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ู ูุตููุงุฏุฑ ุงูุชูููููุฌูููุง ุงู ูุณููุงุนุฏุฉ ูุนูููู ูุงูููุฐู ุฒุงูููุฏ ุงูุดูููุฎ ุฌุงู ุนููุฉ ูู
ููุฒ ููุฉุ ูู ุฑู ููุงุช ุงูุฎุงุต ููุงู ุฐูู ุงุงูุญุชูุงุฌ ุจุงุฃูุทูุฎูููู ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ููู ุญููุงูุงุฉ ุงูููุฐู ูุถููู ุบุฑูุชููู ุนู ููููุงุช ุนุงููุชููู ุงูุฏูููุฉ ููุญููุฏุงุช ูููุจููุงุฑ ุนู ููููุงุช ูุบููุฑู ุงููุงุฆูููุฉ ููุนูุงูููุฉ ูุงุฃูุทูููุงู. ูุดูููุฏุช ุงู ูุคุณุณููุฉ ุฃูุถููุง ู ุจูููู ูุฃูููููุงู ูู ุฏูุจุ ูุชุนู ููู ุญุงููููุง ุนููู ุจูููุงุก ููุง ููู ุงู ุชุฏุงุฏู ููุฉ. ูู ููุงูุช ุฅู ุงุฑุงุชู ููุฒุงู ูุนุงุฆ 20 ู ู
ููุงุฑุงุช. ููู ุงุฅูู ููุฑ ู ููุฏ ุจูุซ ููู ุฅูู ุฃุจุน ูุตูุชุฃู ููู ูุจููุฑุฉ ู ุจุจุงูููุบ ุชุฑุนููุช ููููุฏ ูููุณููุทูุ ูุณูููุฑูุง ุงูุฑูุฑูููุฉ ุงู ูุณููุงุนุฏุงุช ูู ููููุช ุจูููุงุก ู ุณุชุดูููู ุญููุฑุงุฑ ูู ุดููุงู ูุจูุงู. ููุฑุฉุ ููุฉ ุงุฃูุฎ ููู ุงุขููู ููุณ ูู ูุดุก. ูู ููุฐุง ูู ููู ููุฏุช ุงู ูุคุณุณููุฉ ูููุฏ ุงู ูุณููุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃูุจูููุงุก ุงูุฌุงููููุฉ ุชููุฑุฑูุง ุงูุฐูููู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ูู ุงูููููุจูููููุฉ ููู. ููุฐู ุฑุถุจ ุงูููููุจ ููุฑ ุงู ููุงุฑ ุงู ูุฏู ููู ุงุฅูุนุต ู
ูุชุณููุชุนุฏ ูุชูููููุฐ ู ุฒูููุฏ ู ููู ุงู ูุดููุงุฑูุน.ุชุญู ููู ุงูุชููู "ุงู ูุคุณุณููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูููุฑ ูููููู ุงุณููู ู ุชุชูููุญ ูู ุฃู ุฃูููุฏู ุดูููุฆุง ูู ุงู ููุงุจููู
ุญุจ ุงูุนุทุงุก
To ๏ฟฝnd out which Dyson Airbladeโข hand dryer would be best for your washroom, visit www.dysonairblade.ae
The fastest, most hygienic hand dryers
The new Dyson Airbladeโข hand dryers are powered by the Dyson digital motor V4 โ one of the worldโs smallest, fully-integrated 1600W motors. Its small size and power density are what have made our latest hand dryer technology possible.
It means youโll now ๏ฟฝnd a Dyson hand dryer that dries hands in 10 seconds and a small Dyson hand dryer thatโs just four inches deep. Youโll even ๏ฟฝnd Airbladeโข technology in a tap at the sink.
For more information please contact: Diversey Gulf FZE, now part of Sealed Air P.O. Box 61485, Jebel Ali Free Zone Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Tel +9714 8819470 / 8819431 Fax +9714 8819488 [email protected] www.sealedair.com | www.diversey.com
ู ุซููู ู ูุงุฆููุฏ ุงูุทุนููุงู ุงูุฑูุทุงููููุฉ". ููููู ู ูููุฐ ุฐูููู ุงูููููุชุ ุฃูููุฑุช ุงูุญููู ููุฉ ููููุฐู ููุชุตููุฏู ุงูุณูุงุณููุงุช ู ููู ุนููุฏุฏุง ุชุดููููู ุฐูููู ู ุจููุง ูู - ุงูุตุงุนููุฏุฉ ุงู ููุฌููุฉ ููุฉ ููุฉ ุงู ููุงูุถ ูููู ุงููุฑุงูู ููู ุญ ููุฉ ุนู ู ุฌู ูุนูุฅูุณููุงูู ู"ู ุฑุงูุจููุฉ ุงููุฌููุงุช ุถููุฏ ุงู ูุณูููู ู"
.)MAMA ("ุจุฏุฃูููุง ูุงุฑูุณ ุชููููู ุงูุถูููุก ุชุณููููุท ุฃูุถููุง ูู ุงู ูุญุทููุงุช ุชูููู ุนููู ุญูููุซ ุงุฃููุฑููุจ ุงูุชุงุฑูููุฎ ุฃุฏู ุฑูููุงุจ ุงุฅูุณููุงูู - ุนูุฏ ุฃููููุต ุฅูู ุจููู ุงูุฐูููุงุจ ุญุงู ููุงุช ุฅูู - ุงูุญููุฏูุฏ ูุชูููู ูุงุฆูููุฉ ุฏู ููุงุก ุฎููุงูู ุญุตูููุช ุงูุชููู ุฑุณุจููุชุดููุง ูู ุงุฅูุจููุงุฏุฉ ุงูุจููููุงูุ ุญููุฑุจ ุฃุซูููุงุก ุฅู ูููุง ุฃูุถููุง ุชุณููููุท ุงูุถูููุก ุนููู ุงูุนูููุงุฑุต ุงุฅููุฌุงุจูููุฉ ุงู ูุณูููู ู ู ุณููุงูู ุฉ ูู ุงูุนููุงู ูุ ููู ุดูููู ุญูููู ูู ู ุณููุงูู ุชูู ุฎููุงุต
. " ููููุง ูุทุง ุจุฑูุนูููุฏ ู ุซููุงุงู ูุชุนุทููู
ููููุฑุชุจ "ููููุง ุงุฃูููู: ุงูุนุงู ููููุฉ ุงูุญููุฑุจ ุฅูู ู ููู ุงูุฐูููุฑู ุงู ูุฆููููุฉุ ุฃุญููุฏ ุงุฃูู ูููุฑ ุงูุชููู ููู ู ุณููุงูู ุฉ ููุง ุชุณููููุท ุงูุถูููุก ุน ููุฒ ุนููู ุฃุฑูุฌููููุฏ ุงูููู ูููููุซ ุงูุฐูููู ูุงู ุนููุฏุฏ ูุจููุฑ ุงุฃูุตุบููุฑ ุฅู ุญุชููู ุงู ูุณูููู ูุ ู ููู ู ููููู ุงูุฑุดููุฏ ุจูุบูููุง ุณููู ูููุฏ ูููููููุง ุจูููููู ู ู ููุฑุดุฉ ููุฉ ุน ููุง ูู ุงูุฎุงู ุณ ูููุง ูุชูุงู ููู ูุงู ููุฏุ ุจ ุจุน
ูููุง ุจุญูุงุชูููู ุฎููุงูู ุงูุญููุฑุจ. ู ููู ุงูุนู ููุฑ ุถุญููู ูููุก ุน ููููุท ุงูุถ ููู ุชุณ ููู ุงู ูู ููู ู ููู ุฃู ุฃุธ
ุชูููู ุงููุตููุต".ุงุขูุฑุงุก ู ููุน ุฅุฐุง ุชุชุนุงู ูููู ููููู ุณููุฃูุชูุงุ ุงููุจูููุญุ ุจุฑุฃุณูููุง ุฃุทูููุช ุงูุชููู ุงู ูุชุทุฑูููุฉ ุนููู ุฃุฌุงุจููุช "ุฃูุงูุ ูุฌููุจ ุงุงูุทููุงูุน ุฌูููุฏุง ููู ููู ูู ุงูุนู ููุฑ ุนู ููุนุ ูุงูุชุนุจ ููุงุช ุงููุถ ู ุงูุจุณูุนูุชููู ู ููุง ููููุฐุง -ุงุขูู ูุฏููููุง .2011 ุนููุงู ู ุฑุงูุจููุฉุ ู ุฌู ูุนููุงุช ุฃูููุฑ ุงูุฑุดุทููุฉ ูุชุฑูููุฒ ุงูุจูุงูููุงุช ุฌู ููุน ุนููู ุงููุฑุงููููุฉ ุฌุฑุงุฆููู ุนููู ุจูููุฏ ูุชููุฑุจ ุงูุฏูููููุฉุ ู ููุงูุญุชูููุง. ุญุฏูููุฏ ู ููู ููุงุช ููุง ู ุฌู ูุน ููุง ุฃูุถ ููุฏููุนููู ุชุนู ููู ู ุญููููุฉ ุงุงูููุณููุงู ุงุช. ุฑุฃุจ ุฃูุถููุง ุงุฃูู ููุฑ ููุชุนูููู ุนููู ุงูุถูููุก ุจุชุณููููุท ุงุฅููุฌุงุจูููุฉ ุงู ูุณููุงูุงุช ููุงุช ููุง ุงูุฌุงุน ููู ุชูุฏู ู ุงูุชุงูุฏูููููุฉุ ูุฏุญููุถ ุจุนููุถ ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ุ ุนููู ุงุฃูุณููุงุทุฑ ุงูุญู ูููุฉ ุชุฑุชููุฏู ููููุฐุง ููุงู ู ููุชูู ุงูุน ููู ู ุณ ููุงูู ูุฉ ุน ููุฉ ุงุฅูุณ ุงุงููุชุตุงุฏู
ูููุฑู". ุฃูู ูููุฉ ุงูุญููุฏูุฏ ู ููู ุฃุจุนููุฏ ูุงุฑูุณ ุฏูุฑ ู ูุชููุฏ ูููู ูููู ุญ ููุฏุช ุงูุณูุงุณ ููุฏ ูุงุด ููุฉ. ูู ุงูุฑูุทุงููููู ููู ุฃู ููู. ุชุฎ ููุงู ุญ ุงูุฏูู ููุฑุด ุงูุชุณ ููุงู ู ู ุงูุนุชุชูููุฑุฌ ูุฑุงุญููุช ุงูุญููู ููุงุช ุงูููููุฃุช ุฅุฐุง ูู ุงู ูุณูููุญูุฉ ุณููุชูุงุฌู ุงุฃููููุฏูุ ู ูุชููููุฉ
ุงุฃูุง ูููุฉ ุฌุฏุง โุชูุงู๏ฟฝุณ ู ู
ุงุฌูู ุงุนุงุช
ู ู๏ฟฝุณูุญูุฉ ุง
ุงูุฃู ุงูู ูู
๏ฟฝุณูุฏุช ุงูุชู
ุงูุฏูู ููุฏุฉ
โ ู ู๏ฟฝุณูุญู ุง
20 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุงุงูููููุฑุงุถ. ุฎุทููุฑ ุงูุนุฑููููุฉ ุฃูุทุงููููุง ู ููู ุงู ูุณูููุญููู "ูุทููุฑุฏ ูุงุฑูุณ ุชุญููุฐุฑ ููุฏูููู ู ูููุฏุง ูุงูููุช ุงูุชููู ุงู ููุงุทููู ููุง ูููููุฉ ููู ุณูููุฑูุง ูุงูุนููุฑุงู. ุฃู ุงู ูุณูููุญูุ ู ุซุงู ูุณูููุญูุฉ ุงูุฌุงุนููุงุช ุชูุงูููุต ู ููู ุฌููุฏุง ุงูุฏูููู ูุงูุฏุฉ ุดูููุฏุช ุงูุชููู ุงุฃูู ุงูููู ูู ููุง ููุฏุฏู ู ุจุฒุงู ููุน ุงูุชุน ููุน ุงู ูุฌุชู ูููุญู. ูุชู ุช ุงู ูุณุฅูุฌุงุจูููุฉ ุญููููููุฉ. ุฅูู ุฌุงูููุจ ุฑุถูุฑุฉ ุญุงูููุฉ ุงุงูุถุทูููุงุฏ ูู ูุงูุญููุฉ ุงูุฏูููููุฉ ุงุฃููููููุงุช ุชุญูููู ุงูุนููุงู ูุ ุญูููู ูููู ุชุชุนููุฑุถ ุงูููุฐู ููุง ุชููููู ููุง ุฃูุถููู ุนูุฏู ููุฏุงู ุฃุฏุงุก ุงูุชุตุงุฏู ุงูุจ
ุชุนุฏุฏูููุฉ". ู ุฌุชู ุนุงุชูููุง ู ููู ุงู ูุณููุงุฆู ุงูุฎุงูููููุฉ ุงุฃูุฎููุฑู ุงูุชููู ุชุซููุฑ ุงูุฌููุฏู ูู ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉุ ูููู ูุฌุจ ุญุธุฑ ุงุฑุชููุฏุงุก ุงูุญุฌููุงุจ - ู ุซููู ุงูููููุงุจ ุฃู ุงูุฑูููุน - ูู ุงุฃูู ุงูููู ุงูุนุงู ููุฉ. ุชุญููุฐุฑ ูุงุฑูุณ ู ููู ุงูุณููุฑ ููู ุญุธููุฑุช ุงูุญุฌููุงุจ ุนููู ุฎุทููู ูุฑูุณููุง ุงูุชููููุจ ููุณ ุงุฃูุณ ููุฐุง ูู ููุฉ: "ู ููู ุงูุนุงู ูู ุงุฃูู ุงูููุง ููุงุฑ ุดููุฎูุตุ ูุฃู ุงูุฑูุทููุงูู. ุฅููููุง ู ุณููุฃูุฉ ุฎูุงููุณููุงุก ูุฑุบู ูููู ุงูุฐูููู ุฃููุฆููู ุฃุดููุฌุจ ููู ูููุฉ ููุณูููุง ุงูุช ููุฏุงุก ุงูุญุฌููุงุจ ุจุงูู ุนููู ุงุฑุชุงููุณููุงุก ุนููู ููุฑุถูููู ู ููู ุจูููุง ุฃุดููุฌุจ ุนููุฏู ุงุฑุชููุฏุงุก ุงูุญุฌููุงุจ. ูุฌููุจ ุฃุงู ูุชุฏุฎููู ู ุจูููุก ุฎูุงุฑุงุชูููุง ุชุชุฎููุฐ ุงู ูููุฑุฃุฉ ุฏุงู ููุช ู ููุง ููุฑุญ ุฃู ููุฃูุฉ ุงู ุชุท ููุช ุงู ูุณ ููุง ุฏุงู ููุงุ ูู ุฅุฑุงุฏุชูููุงูู ุฉุ ููุฉ ูุงูุณ ููุต ุจุงูุตุญ ููุง ูุฎุช ููููุฉ ูู ู ู ุด
ููุฉ". ูููุ ุฃู ุงูููู ุฃู ุงุฃูู ูุชุฎุชููู ูุงุฆูููุฉ "ูุจููู ููููุช ุบููุฑ ุจุนูููุฏุ ููุง ูุตููุฑุฉ ููุง ุฅู ุชูุงูุฑู ูููู ูู ูุงู ุงูุฑุฌููุงู ููููููู ููุง ุทูู ููุง ุฅู ุญุฌุงุจู ูููู ูู ุฌููุฏุงุ ูุงุขูู ูููููู ุงูุชุฏุฎููู ุนููู ุณููููููู ู ุชููู ุฌููุฏุง!
ูุจุงุณูููุงุ" ุทุฑููููุฉ
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
ุงูุจุงุฑููุฉ ูุงุฑุณู ูุฏูููุฏ ูุงู ูุฑูู ุฎุงูู ู ุญุงุฏุซุงุช ู ุน ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงูุฌุงููุฉ ุงูุตูู ุงููุฉ ุงูุฑูุทุงููุฉ
50 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 114
ูุงุฑูุณ ุณููุนูุฏุฉ ุงูุจุงุฑููููุฉ ุนููููุช ูุฒุงุฑุฉ ูู ุงู ูุณููุชูู ุฑููุนููุฉ ุฏููููุฉ ูุฒูููุฑุฉ ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูููุฉ ูุงูููู ูููููุซุ ููุฒูููุฑุฉ ุงู ูุนุชูููุฏุงุช ุงูุฌุงููููุงุช ูุฒุงุฑุฉ ูู ูุงูุฌุงููููุงุช ุงูุฏูููููุฉ 2012. ูุงูููุช ูุงูุญูููู ุงู ูุญููู ูู ุณููุจุชู ุฑ ููุฒูููุฑุฉ ุงู ูุญุงูุธููู ุญููุฒุจ ุฑุฆูุณููุฉ ุณููุงุจูุง ู ููู ุฏูู ุญููุจููุฉ. ุฅููููุง ุนุถููู ู ุญุงูููุธ ูู ุจููู ุณูููุง ูุงุฃูุตุบููุฑ ุงูููููุฑุฏุงุชุ ู ุฌูููุณ
ุงุฃูุนุถููุงุก.ุฎููุงูู ุฒูููุงุฑุฉ ุฑุณูุนููุฉ ุฅูู ุฏูุจ ููู ุดููุงุฑูุฉ ููุฉ ูุงููุชุตููุงุฏ ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ู ูุนููุงู ูู ุงููู ููุฉ ุงูุนุงู ููุงูููููุช ุจุนููุถ ุงูุจุงุฑููููุฉ ุฎุตุตููุช ุ2013ูููุฏุบุฉ ููุฑ ุงูุด ููุฑุฉ ูุชุฎ ููุบุงุงูุชูุง ุงููุซ ููุท ุงูุด ูุณุนููู ุดููุบููุง ุจุนู ููููุง. ููููุฏ ุฃูุฌููุฒุช ุงููุซููุฑ ููู ุงู ูููู ุฅู ููุง ุชู ููุฉ ูุตููุฑุฉุ ูููู ููุฏุฉ ุฒู ูู ูู ู ููุง ููู ุฃูุฏุงูู ููุฑ ูุชุญู ููู ูุซ ููุง ุนู ููุฒุงู ุฃู ุงู ู ูููู ูููุฑ ุงูุช ููู ุงุฃูู ููุฉ ู ููุฏู ุงูุฆุญ ุงูุดููุฎุตูุฉ: "ูุฃูุฏ ุงูููููุงู ุจูููุง ูู ุงูุณูุงุณููุฉุ ูุฃุดููู ุทุฑููููู ูุฌููุฏูู ูููููุง ุฃุนู ููู ูุชุญููููููุง. ุจุนููุฒู
ููู". ุฒู ูุฃูุงูุฏูููุง ู ููู ุงูุฏุนููู ููููุงู ุจุฃูููู ุชูููุฑ ุจููู: ุชููููู ู ููุง ูู ูุฌุญููุช ู ูููุง ุงูุฎู ุณููุฉุ ูุฃูุงูุฏู ุจููููุฉุ ูุฏุนู ูููู ุงุขูุฎููุฑ "ูุตูููู ูู ู ุนูููู ูุณููุช ูุซููุฑุง. ูุชููู ูููููู ููููููู ุญูุงุชูููู ... ู ููู ุนููุฏุฉ ู ุญุทููุงุช ุฃุคู ููู ู ุชุงู ููุง ู ุจููุง ุฃูุนููููุ ูุนุงุฆูุชููู ุชุคู ููู ู ุจููุง ุฃูุนููููุ ููููุฐุง ูุณูููู ุนูููููุง ุงุฃูู ูููุฑ. ููุนู ููู
ุฒู ูููู". ุฅูุทููุงุฑ ูููููุง ุฌู ูุนูููุง ููุฉ ููุช ุงูุญููู ููุง ุฏุฎู ุฃุถุงูููุช ูุงุฑูุณ "ุนูุฏู ููุฉ ููู ุฑุฆูุณ ููุงุฒ ุชุนููู ููุช ุจุงู ุชู ููุฑุฉุ ุญุธู ุฃูู ู ุญููุฒุจ ุงู ูุญุงูุธููู. ูุงู ุงู ุชูููุงุฒุง ุญููููููุง ุฃู ุฃุชููุฑุฃุณ ูููุฐุง ุงูุญููุฒุจ ุงูุฑุงุฆููุนุ ููููู ุทูููุชููู ุนููุงู ุซููู ุชุงุชููุฑุด. ุงูุณูููุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุงูููุจ ููููุช 2012ุ ุนูููุฏ ุฅูู ุจููุฏูุฑ ูู ูุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูููุฉุ ุงูุดููุคูู ุจุงูุชุญุฏูููุฏ ู ุณููุคูููุชู ููุงูููุช ุฒุงุฑุช ุงูููููุชุ ุฐูููู ูู ูููุฐ ุงุฃููุบุงููููุฉ". ูููุฐู ุงูุจููุงูุฏ ุงูุชููู ู ุชุฒููููุง ุงูุญููุฑุจ ู ููุฑุงุช ุนููุฏุฉุ ูุชููููุฏ ุงูุชููุฒุงู ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูู ููู ููุฏ ุฑุญู ููู ุจุน ููุฏู ุงูุทูู ููุชุงู ูู ุงู ู ุฃูุบุงูุณู ููู ุงูุฑูุทุงููููุฉ ุงููุชุงููููุฉ ุงูููููุงุช ุฌู ูููุน ููููุงู ูู ุฃูุงุฎููุฑ ุนููุงู 2014ุ ู ุจููุง ูู ุฐูููู ุงูุชููู ุงุฅูู ูุงุฆูููุฉ ุงู ูุณููุงุนุฏุงุช ุนููู ุงุฅูุจูููุงุก ููุง ุฃููุบุงูุณููุชุงู ุชูุฏู ูููุง ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุญุงูููุชุจูููุบ 178 ุฌูููููุง ุงุณููุฑุชููููุง ูู ุงูุณูููุฉ ุญุชููู
ุนููุงู 2017 ุนููู ุงุฃููููู.ุชุชููููู ุนูููุฏ ูููุฐุง ููููู ู ุณููุคูููุชูุง ุงู ููุณ ููู ุฑุฆู ููุฑ 2013ุ ูุด ููู ุฃูุชูุจ ููุฏ. ูู ุงูุญูู ูุงู ููุฑูู ุฏูููููุฏ ุงูุฑูุทููุงูู ุงููููุฒุฑุงุก ุฎุทููุงุจ ุฃู ููุงู ุงู ููุชููุฏู ุงุงููุชุตููุงุฏู ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ู ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุชุตุจููุญ ุฎุทููุฉ ุนููู ุงูุนุงู ููููุ ุฅุณููุงูู ู ุบููุฑ ุจูููุฏ ุฃูู ู ุจูุฌุจูููุง ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุจูููุน ุตูููููุง ุฅุณููุงูู ูุฉ ุจุญุณููุจ ุงูุฑุดูุนููุฉ.
"ูุชุญุฏุซูููู ุงู ูุคู ุชููุฑ ุฃู ููุงู ูุงู ููุฑูู ูููุงู ู ูููุฐ ุณููููุงุช ุนููู ุฅุตููุฏุงุฑ ุตููููู ุฎููุงุฑุฌ ูุญุตููู ู ู ุฐูููู ููููู ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ูุ ุงูุนููุงู ู ูููุท. ููุชููู ุชุบูููุฑ ูููุฐุง ุงููุถููุน ุงูุชุญููู ูููููุง ุงูุณูุงุณูููุฉ. ูุงุฅูุฑุงุฏุฉ ุจุงูุฑุงุบุงุชูููุฉ ุชุฑูููุฏ ุจุงุฃูู ุฑูููู ู ุนููุง. ูุชุญููู ูู ุจุฑูุทุงููููุง ุฃูู ุจุฑูุทุงููููุง ุชุตุจููุญ ุฃู ุงูุญููู ููุฉ ูููุฐู ุฏููููุฉ ุณูููุงุฏูุฉ ุฎููุงุฑุฌ ุงูุนููุงู ู ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ู ุชููููู
ุฅุณููุงูู ูุฉ". ุตููููู ุจุฅุตููุฏุงุฑ ู ููู ู ุชุงู ููุง ูุนููุฑู ุงููููุฒุฑุงุก ุฑุฆูููุณ ูุงู ูููู ุงูุดููุฎุต ุงู ููุงุณููุจ ูุชุบูููุฑ ุงูุฐูููููุฉ - ุจุงูุฑุงุบุงุชูููุฉ ุชุชู ุชููุน ุงูุชููู ูุงุฑูุณ ุงูุจุงุฑููููุฉ ูููููุฉ ุงุฅูุฑุงุฏุฉ. ูููุง ูุงู ุฑุฏ ูุนููููุง ุนููู ูููุฐุง "ุจููุฏุฃุช ูุงุฑูุณ ุชููููู ุงูุทู ูููุญุ ุงููููุฏู ู ููู ุงูุตูููุฑุ ููููููู ุงุทูุนููุช ุฌูููุฏุง ุนููู ู ุฌููุงู ูู ุฑุงุฆููุน ุณููุฌู ูุฏููููุง ุงูุชุญุฏูููุงุช. ููู ููุฑุง ู ููุฏุฏุง ูุจ ููู ุน ููุงูู ูุ ู ูู ููู ุงุฅูุณ ุงูุชู ููุงูุชุฌุฒุฆููุฉุ ุงุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑูุฉ ูู ุตููุงุฑู ุงู ูุตููุงุฑู ู ูููุฏุงู ูู ู ุฒุฏูููุฑ ูุงูููููู ูุทููุงุน ููุฏููููุง ููุจุฉ ููุฑ ุจุงููุณ ููู ุงุฃูู ููุงูู ูุ ููุฐู ููู ุงุฅูุณ ุงูุชู ููุงูุนูู ูููุฉ. ูุงู ูุคูููุงูุช ุงูุชุฃู ููู ูุทููุงุน ุฅูู
ููุง ููุท ู ููุงู ุฑุงุจ ููุงู ูุ ูู ููุช ูู ุงูุน ููุง ุฐูุจ ูุฃููู ููุน ู ุฏููููุฉ ููููุฏู ูุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ".
ุจุงุณููุชุฎูุงู ูุงุฑูุณ ุงูุจุงุฑููููุฉ ุชุชุนุงู ููู ุงู ู ููุน ูุธููุชูููุงุ ูููุณููุช ู ููู ุงูููููุน ุงูููุฐู ูููู "ูุงู ููุฏู. ุชู ููู ู ููุน ู ููุฑุต ุชุถู ููุฏุน ุงูู ููููุฏู ุฅุฑุตุงุฑ ูุจููุฑ ุนููู ุนููุฏู ุชููุฑู ูููุฐู ุงูุชูุตููู ูู ูุฌุญูููุง ููููุฏ ุชุถูููุน. ุงููุฑุตููุฉ ููุงุฏู ููุฑ ุงุงููุชุต ููุงุฏ ุงู ูุคู ุช ููู ุงูุนู ููุงู ูุจ ุฅูู ุงุชูููุฉ "ุฃุธููู ุฃู ูููุฐุง ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ู ุงูุนุงู ูููู"ุ ู ุถููููุง ููุงูู ู ู ูุงุฏู ููุงู ู ุงุฅูุณ ููุงูุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุน ููู ุฑุณ ููุฌโูุญููู ู ููุชุญูููู ุนููู ุงูุนู ููู ู ุนูููู ุ ูุฌููุจ ููู ุ ูุฌููุจ ุฃู ููู ูู ููู ุงู ููุถ ูููู ุงูุฑุดู ุฃู ููููู ูู ููุจุฉ ุฅููู ููุจ ุจุงููุณ ููู ุงุฃููุณ ูููู ุงูุฑุดู ููุงูุชุฌููุงุฑุฉ ูุงุงููุชููุฒุงู โุ ูููุง ุฃู ู ุฏููููุฉ ููููุฏู
ููุงู ู". ููุงูู ูู ุงูุน ููุงุฏู ูุงู ู ููุฒ ุงูุฑู ููู ุงู ูุฑู ูู ููู ุจุฏูููู ุดูููู "ุฅูููู ูุงุฑูุณ ุชุชุงุจููุน ููููู ูุณููุนู ููููุช ูู ุงูุชู ููููู. ุฃุดูููุงู ุฅูู ู ุชููููู ุงูุจูููู ุงูุชุญุชูููุฉ ูููุทููุงุน ุงูุนููุงู /
ุฃุดูููุงู ู ููู ุจุฏูููู ุดูููู ุฅูููู ุงูุฎููุงุตุ . ูููู" ูุชู ู ุง
ุชุจูููุบ ููู ููุฉ ุงูุตููู ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ู ูุญููู 200 ูููู ุฏูุงูุฑ ููุฑุชูููู )320 ู ูู ููู ุงุณ ูููู ุฌูู ู ููุฃู ุฑูููู(. ุฅูู ุฌุงูููุจ ูููุฐู ุงูุตูููููุ ู ุซููุฉ ููุงูู ูุฉ ูู ูููู ุงุฅูุณ ููุคุฑุด ููุณ ููุงูู ู ููุฉ ุฅูุท ุฎุท
ููุฏู. ููุฉ ูู ุจูุฑุตุงูุชุฌุงุฑูููุฉ "ุงูุนุงูู ููุฉ ูุฑุงูุณ ุชููููู ููุฉุ ููุง ุถุนูู ููุงูุ ูููู ููุนุฉ ุงููุท ููุงูู ูุฉ ูุงุณ ุงุฅูุณููุง ููุง ูู ูููุง ุชุนุฑูู ููู ูุถุน ููู ุฃู ู ููุจุจ ู ูุงูุณููุน ููู ูุฏูุงู ููุงู ุจุฐู ููุงุฑูุง ุงููู ููุฉ ุงุฎุช ููู ุฃููู ูุฎูููู ุงููุงู ูููุฉ ุงู ูุจููุงุฏุฆ ุชุชุนูููู ุณูููุจูุฉ. ุงู ูุฎุงุทููุฑุ ู ุจุดููุงุทุฑุฉ ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ู ุงูุชู ููููู ูุนููุฏู ุจูููุน ูุดุก ุงู ู ุชููููู. ููููุฃู ุงูุชู ููููู ููุชุบุงูู ููููุ ูุงุณ ููู ุงูุฏู ููู ุน ููุงูู ู ุจููุณ ุงุฅูุณุงุฃูุดููุฎุงุต ุงูุฐูููู ุฑู ุจููุง ูุนุงููููู ู ููู ุงูุญุฑู ููุงู ููุฑ ููุงู ู ุฃู ููุงุช ุงูุน ููุฉ. ุจ ููุงุฏู ุฃู ุงููุดุงุด ุงุงููุชุตุฌููุฒูููุฉ ููููุฐุง ุงูููููุน ู ููู ุงูุชู ููููู ู ูููุฐ
."2008 ุงุฃูุฒู ููุฉ ุงู ูุงููููุฉ ุนููุงู ู ุชููู ุงููุฒูููุฑุฉ ูุญููู 20 ูู ุงู ูุฆููุฉ ู ููู ููุชูุง ุงูุฏูููููุฉ ุงู ูุนุชูููุฏุงุช ู ุจุณููุฃูุฉ ุงุงููุชููุงู ูู ููุจ ููุฐู ูุฌ ููุฏูุฑ ุงู ููุฑ ูู ุงู ููุงุชุ ูุชูุธ ูุงูุฌุงููุงู ูุณููุงุญุฉ ูู ุงูุฏููููู ุงู ูุนุชูููุฏ ูุคุฏูููู ุฃู ุจููู ุงูุชูุงูููู ุชุนุฒูููุฒ ุณููุจู ููู ุงูุนุงู ููุฉุ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ. ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุงู ูุฎุชููููุฉ ูู ุงูุฌุงุนููุงุช ุจูููุฏ ุฃู ูููุฐุง ุงูุชุญููุฏู ูููุฃูุช ูู ููููุช ูุชูุงู ููู ููููู ุฑูููุงุจ ุงุฅูุณููุงูู . ุชููููู ูุงุฑูุณ "ุฃุดููุนุฑ ุงูุชููู ุงูุทุฑููููุฉ ูู ุฃููููุฑ ุนูุฏู ููุง ุจุงูุฑุนููุฏุฉ ุจููู ุงูููุฐู ุชุณููุจุจ ุงูุชุญููุฏู ุจูููุง ูุงุฌูููุช ููุน ููู ุจุถ ููุงูู . ูุจ ููุงุจ ุงุฅูุณ ููุฉ ุฑู ูููุฏ ู ูุฌ ุตุนุฑูููุงุจ โุงุฌุชููุงุฒ ุนุจููุงุฑุฉ ุฃุทููููุช ุณููููุงุชุ ููุฏุช ููุงู โุ ููุต ููุฏุฉ ุงูุทุน ููุงุฑ ู ุงุฆ ููุงูู ุงุฎุชุจ ุงุฅูุณุจุฐูููู ุฃููููุง ุจุชูููุงุ ูุฃูุณูููุ ููููุน ุนููู ู ุดููุงุนุฑ ุงูุนููุฏุงุก ูุฅูุณููุงูู ูู ุงุฃูู ุงูููู ุงุฃููููุฑ ุชุญููุฑุง
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
18 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ููุฏ ุจุฑูุทุงููุง. ูู ู ูุงู ุง ุงุฃูุนูู ุงู ูุณูู ุฉ ุงูุณูุงุณูุฉ ุงูุดุฎุตูุฉ ูุงุฑูุณ ุณุนูุฏุฉ ุงููู ูููุฉ ุงูุจุงุฑููุฉ ุชุนุชุจ ุชุญุฏุซุช ูุฒูุฑุฉ ุงูุฏููุฉ ูุดุคูู ุงู ูุนุชูุฏุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉ ูุงูุฌุงููุงุช ูู ุงูุญููู ุฉ ุงูุจูุทุงููุฉ ูุฌูุงูุง ุฃูุฏุฑูุฒุ ุนูู ูุงู ุด ู ุดุงุฑูุชูุง ูู ู ุคู ุชุฑ ุฅุณุงูู ู ูู ุฏูุจุ ุนู ููุฉ ุงุฅูู ูุงู ูุงูุณูุงุณุฉุ ูููู ุชุณุนูุ ุนุจ ุงูุชุญู ุจุนุฒู ูุฉ ูุชุนุฒูุฒ ูุฎุงุฑุฌูุงุ ุจุฑูุทุงููุง ูู ุฃููู ุฌุงููุงุช ูุจูุงุก ุงุฅูุณุงูู ูุฉ"ุ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑูุฉ "ุงูุนุงูู ุฉ ุชุญุณูู ุฅูู ุตูุจุฉุ
ุตูุฑุฉ ุงู ูู ููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญุฏุฉ ูุชุตุจุญ ุงููุฌูุฉ ุงู ููุถูุฉ ูุงูุณุชุซุงู ุฑ ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ุฅูู ุงู ูุณูู ูู.
ุจูุฉ ู ูุงยฉ
AP
Imag
es
17 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ยฉ D
ubai
Air
show
ยฉ S
hutt
erst
ock
ุชูููู ู ู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุทููุฑุงู ุฑุดูููุฉ ููููู ูู ุทุงุฆูููุฉ ู ุจุงูููุบ ุฃูููููุช ุงูุชููู ุงููุญูููุฏุฉ ู ุนููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ููุทููุฑุงูุ ููููุฏ ูุดูููุช ุฑุดูููุฉ ุตููููุฉ ุนููู ุฃุจูุธุจููู ูู ููุทููุฑุงู ุงุงูุชุญููุงุฏ ุจููู ููุฉ 25.2 ู ููููุงุฑ ุฏูุงูุฑ ูููุฑุดุงุก 56 ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ ู ููุน ุนุฑูููุถุ ูููููู ุฐุงุช ุฌุฏูููุฏุฉ ุจูููููุบ ุชุชุถู ููู ุฅุถุงููููุฉ. ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ 26 ุฑุดุงุก ุญููููู ุงูุทูุจูููุฉ 25 ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ "ุจูููููุบ 777 ุฅูููุณ"ุ ู30 ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ "787-10 ุฏุฑู ูุงููููุฑ"ุ ูุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ ุดููุญู ุงุงูุชุญููุงุฏ ุฑุดูููุฉ ุชุนุชููุฑ ูุจูููุฐุง ."200-777" 787" ูุทุงุฆููุฑุงุช ุงุฃููู ุงูุนู ูููู ููุทููุฑุงู
ุจูููููุบ. ุฏุฑู ูุงููููุฑ" ู ููู ููุบุ ุฌูู ููุณ ููุณ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุจููู ููุณ ู ุฌู ููุงู ุฑุฆู ูููู ููุงู ุน ููุงูู "ูุงู ุงุฅููุจ ููุงุฆู ุงุฅูุน ููุฑููุ ููุณ ู ุงูุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ 777 ุฅูููุณ ุฑุงุฆุนููุง"ุ ููููุง ููููู ุนููู ููุฐู ููุฑ ุงูุชููู ููุณ ูุงู ูุฏู ููุงูุ ุงูุฑุฆู ุฌูู ููุณ ููุบูุฑุดูููุฉ ุงุงูุชุญููุงุฏ ููุทููุฑุงูุ ูููููู "ูููุงุฏุฑุง ู ููุง ููููู ุงูุทููุฑุงูุ ู ุนููุงุฑุถ ูู ุฅุนุงููููุง ูุตููุฏุฑ ููุฃุฑุณู". ููุงู ู ุจ ููุง ุงูุน ููู ุฅููู ููู ูุตุบ ููุง ููุน ุนูุฏู
ุงููุทุฑูููุฉุ ุฑุดูููุฉ ุงูุฌููููุฉ ุงูุฎุทูููุท ุฃู ููุง ู ุฌูููุณ ุฏูู ูู ุงูุซุงูุซููุฉ ุงููููุฑู ุงูุทููุฑุงู ููุฑุฉ ููุช 51 ุทุงุฆ ููุฏ ุทูุจ ูููุ ูู ููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌ ุงูุชุน"777 ุฅูููุณ" ู ููู "ุจูููููุบ"ุ ูููุง ุชูุฏู ููุช ููู ููุญู "ุฃู ููุฑุงุช ุด ููุณ ุทุงุฆ ููุฑุดุงุก ุฎู ููุจ ู ุจุทู
ู ููุน ุญููููู ุฑุดุงุก ุงูุฑุจููุงุต ู ููู "200-330ููุฉ ูู ุตููููุฉ ุจููู ููุฉ 2.8 ููุฑุงุช ุฅุถุงูู ู ุซููุงูู ุทุงุฆ
ุฏูุงูุฑ. ู ููููุงุฑู ููููุฏ ุญุทููู ูููุฐุง ุงูุญููุฏุซ ุงุฃูุฑูููุงู ุงูููุงุณูููุฉุ ูุญุชููู ุฑุดูููุฉ "ูููุงูู ุฏูุจ" ุงู ููุฎูุถููุฉ ุงุฃูุณููุนุงุฑ ูุงู ูุฏุนูู ููุฉ ู ููู ุงูุญููู ููุฉ ุทูุจููุช ู ุฆููุฉ ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ "737 ู ุงูููุณ" ู ููู ุจูููููุบุ ู11 ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ "737-
800" ู ููู ุงูุฌูููู ุงู ููุจููู ู ููู ุจูููููุบุ ูู ุฅุทููุงุฑ
ุตููููุฉ ุจููู ููุฉ 11.4 ู ููููุงุฑ ุฏูุงูุฑ - ู ููุง ูุดูููู ููุบ ููุฑุงุช ุจููู ููุจ ุฑุดุงุก ุทุงุฆ ููุฑ ุจุทู ููุฒุงู ุงุฃูู ุงุงููุช
ุฐุงุช ู ู ููู ูุงุญููุฏ ูู ุงูููุฑุดู ุงุฃููุณููุท.ุงุฃููุฑูุจูููุฉ ุงูุทููุฑุงู ุฃู ุฑุดูุงุช ุงู ุดููู ูู ุจุนููู ุชูุธููุฑ ุงูุตุนูุจููุงุชุ ูู ุชุชุฎุจููุท ุงูุชููู ุงูุทููุฑุงู ุฑุดูุงุช ุชุญุชูููู ููููุง ุงูุญุณููุฏ ุญููู ุงุชูููุงุ ู ููู ุงู ูุฏุนูู ููุฉ ุงูุฎููุฌูููุฉุ
. ุชูููุง ุญุง ุจูุฌุง
โ ูุงุฏุฑุง ู ุง ู๏ฟฝุณุฏุฑ ุงุฅุนุงููุง ูู ู ุนุงุฑ๏ฟฝุณ ุงูุทุฑูุงูุ ููู ุนูุฏู ุง ููุนู ู๏ฟฝุณุบู ุงุฅูููุง ุงูุนุงู ู ุจุงุฃ๏ฟฝุฑุณูโ
- ุฌูู ๏ฟฝุณ ููุบุงูุ ุงูุฑุฆู๏ฟฝุณ ูุงู ูุฏูุฑ ุงูุชูููุฐู ู๏ฟฝุฑุณูุฉ ุงูุญุชุงุฏ ููุทุฑูุงู
ุตุงุญุจ ุงูุณู ู ุงูุดูุฎ ู ุญู ุฏ ููุชุชุญ ู ุนุฑุถ ุฏุจู ููุทูุฑุงู 2013
๏ฟฝุณููุงุช ู ุจููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏููุฑุงุช
ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุชุ ุทุฑูุงู ุงูุซุงูุซ: ุงุฅููููู ูุฉ ุงูุฌููุฉ ุงูุฎุทูุท ุฑุดูุงุช ุชุฃููุช ููุทุฑูุงู ุฏูุจ ู ุนุฑุถ ุงููุทุฑูุฉุ ูู ุงูุฌููุฉ ูุงูุฎุทูุท ููุทุฑูุงูุ ูุงุงูุชุญุงุฏ ูู ุงููุจุงุฑ ุจู"ุงูุซุงูุซุฉ ู ุฌุชู ุนุฉ ุงูุฑุดูุงุช ูุฐู ุชุนุฑู .2013 ูููู ุจ ูู ุงูุฎููุฌ"... ูุชุดูู ุงูููุฉ ุงู ูุญูุฒุฉ ุฎูู ุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูุทุฑูุงู ูู ุงูุนุงู ู. ุชูุฑูุฑ
ูุฌูุงูุง ุฃูุฏุฑูุฒ...
16 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุทูุฑุงู
ููุฎ ููุฑุงู ุชุงุฑู ููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ููุท ููู ู ุน ุฏุฎุฅุจููุฑุงู ู ููุน ุงูุนุฑูููุถุ ุจุงุจููู ู ููู ุงูุทููุฑุงู ุณูููุง ุงู ุงูููุฏูุงูุฑุงุชุ ู ุจููููุงุฑุงุช ุตููููุงุช ููุฉ. ููููุฏ ู ููู ุฎููุงูู ุฑุดูุงุช ุงูุทููุฑุงู ุงูุฎููุฌููุธููู ู ุนููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ููุทููุฑุงู ูู ุฏูุฑุชููู ุงูุซุงูุซููุฉ ุนููุฑุดุฉ ูู ุงู ููููุงู ุงูููุฐู ุฃููููู ุฎุตูุตููุง ููููุฐุง ุงูุบููุฑุถ ูู ุฏูุจ ููุฑูููุฏ ุณูููุฑุชุงูุ ุนููู ู ูุฑุจููุฉ ุงู ูุทููุงุฑ ุงูููุฏูููุ ู ูุชูููู ุขู ู ุทููุงุฑ ู ููู ุงูุซููุงูู ูู ุฏูุจ ุงูููุฐู ุฃูุดููุฆ ุญุฏูุซููุง. ูุงูุชุชุญููู ููุฏ ููู ุฑุงุด ููุฏ ุจ ูููุฎ ู ุญู ููู ู ุงูุด ููุจ ุงูุณ ุตุงุญูููุฒุฑุงุก ููุณ ุงู ููุณ ุฑุฆู ููุจ ุงูุฑุฆู ูููู ุ ูุงุฆ ุขู ู ูุชูู ุฏููููุฉ ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ูุญุงูููู ุฏูุจ. ุฑู ุจููุง ุณููุงูุฑุช ุงูุนููุงู ู ุดููููู ูุจููู ุณููููุงุช ุนูุฏู ููุง ูููุงู ุงูุดูููุฎ ู ุญู ููุฏ ูู ุฅุนููุงูู ุดูููุฑ ูู ู ุนููุฑุถ ููู ููุฑุงู ุน ููุฉ ุงูุท ููุฑุงู ุฅู ุตูุงุน ููุณ ููุท ุจุงุฑูููุฑ ููุงู ุงูุชุบู ููุง ู ูููู ุฑู ุจ ููุฑ. ุงูู ููู ุฃู ุชุชุบ ูุด
ุชููุนุงุชููู.
ุจูููุบ ู ูุงุจู ุงูุฑุจุง๏ฟฝุณูููุง ูููู ุงูุญููุงู ุฏุงู ุฆููุง ูู ู ุนููุงุฑุถ ุงูุทููุฑุงูุ "ุจูููููุบ" ุจููู ุดููุฏูุฏุฉ ุงู ููุงูุณููุฉ ูุงูููุช ุงุฃูุฑูููุงู ูุงูููุช ุงูุนููุงู ููููุฐุง ู"ุงูุฑุจููุงุต"ุ ู ุฐููููุฉ. ููุงู ุฆููุฉ ุฑุดูุงุช ุงูุทููุฑุงู ุงุฃููุถููู ูู ุฃูุณููุทูุฉ: ุซููุงูุซ ุฑุดูุงุช ุฑุดู ุชุถููู ุงูุนููุงู ู ููุทููุฑุงูุ ูุงุงูุชุญููุงุฏ ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุชุ ุทููุฑุงู ููุฑู ููู ุชุน ููุฉุ ูุงูุช ููุฉ ุงููุทุฑู ูููุท ุงูุฌูู ูุงูุฎุทููุฏ ุณูููุทุฑุช ููุฌ". ูู ููุงุฑ ูู ุงูุฎูู ููุฉ ุงููุจ ุจู"ุงูุซุงูุซุงูุทุงุฆููุฑุงุชุ ุทูุจูููุงุช ุนููู ุงูููุฑุดูุงุช ูููุฐู 320 ู ููู ุฃูููุฑ ู ุฌุชู ุนููุฉ ุทูุจููุช ููููุฏ ููู ุชูููุง ุชุตููู ุงูุทูููููุฉ ููู ุณููุงูุงุช ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ ุงูููููู ุงูููุฏูุงูุฑุงุช. ููู ู ููููุงุฑุงุช ู ุฆููุงุช ุฅูู ุงุฃููู ู ููู ุงู ูุนููุฑุถุ ุชูุฏู ููุช ุฑุดูููุฉ ุทููุฑุงู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุจุทูุจููุงุช ุจููู ููุฉ 99 ู ููููุงุฑ ุฏูุงูุฑุ ููู "ุจูููููุบ" ู ููุง ุฃุซููุงุฑ ุจูุฌููุฉ ุนุงุฑู ููุฉ ูููุฏู ุฑุดูุชููุงุฑุงุช ููุฑุงู ุงุฅูู ููุช ุท ููุฏ ุชูุฏู ููุงุต". ูู ู"ุงูุฑุจ
ุจุทูููุจ ุฃููู ูููุฑุดุงุก 150 ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ "ุจูููููุบ ูุจ 777 ุฅูููุณ"ุ ูุชุจุนููู ุนููู ุงูููููุฑ ุทูููุจ ุจููู ููุฉ 50 ู ููููุงุฑ ุฏูุงูุฑ ูููุฑุดุงุก 50 ุทุงุฆููุฑุฉ "ุงูุฑุจููุงุต ูููู ููุงุช ูู ุงูู ููุฉ ุงูุทูุจ ููุช ููู ููู 380". ุจูุบ ุฅูููุงุฑ ุฏูุงูุฑุ ููู 200 ู ูู ููุฑุถ ูุญ ููู ููู ุน ุงุงููุชุชุงุญููุงุจูุฉ. ูููุฉ ุงูุณ ููุงู ุงูููุงุณ ููู ุงุฃูุฑู ููุช ุจุฐู ูุญุทู ุฃุฑูุงู ููุง ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุทููุฑุงู ุญููููุช ุฑุดูุงุช ูุจููุฑุฉ. ูููุฐุง ู ููุง ูุธูููุฑ ุฌููููุง ูู ุชูุฑูุฑูููุง ุงุฃูุฎุฑ ุงูููุฐู ุฃูุฑุฏุช ููููู ุฃูููู ููู ููุฉ ุงู ูุจูุนููุงุช ุจูุบููุช 21 ู ููููุงุฑ ุฏูุงูุฑ ุฃู ุฑูููู... ุฃู ุถุนููู ุงุฃูุฑุจููุงุญ ุงูุชููู ุฌูุชูููุง ู ุนุธููู ุฑุดูุงุช ุงูุทููุฑุงู ุงุฃูุฎููุฑู. ููููุฏ ุฐุงุน ุตูููุช ุงูุฑุดูููุฉ ุนููู ู ุณููุชูู ุงูุนููุงู ูุ ุจูุถููู ุฌูููุฏุฉ ุฎุฏู ุงุชูููุงุ ูู ูููููุง ุงูุฑุณูููุนุ ููุฉ ุงุงูุณููุฑุชุงุชูุฌูุฉ. ูุงุณููุชูุทุจุช ููุงุช ุงูุฑุนุงู ูุงุชูุงูุงู ูุณููุงูุฑูู ุนููู ุฎูููููุฉ ุฑุนุงูุชูููุง ููุนุฏูููุฏ ู ููู ูููุฑู ูููุฑุฉ ุงููููุฏู ู ุซููู "ุฃุฑุณูููุงู" ู"ุจููุงุฑู
ุณููุงู ุฌุฑู ููุงู" ู"ุฃูููู ูุณ ู ูููุงูู".
ูู ุงูุนุฑุดูููููุงุช ู ูููู ุนู ูููุฑู. ุงูุถูููู ุฅูู ุ1942 ุงููุทููููู ุงุฃููุฑูููููู ุนูููุงู ุงู ูุคู ุชูููุฑ ูููููุงุฏ ุทูููููุฉ ุนุฑุดููููู ุนุงู ูููุง ุญู ููููุฉ ุณููููู ูุฉ ูุบูููุฑ ุนููููููุฉ ูุชุญูููุฏู ุงูุญููู ูููุฉ ูู ุฌูููููุจ
ุฃูุฑููููููุง ูุณูุงุณูููุงุชูุง ุงูุนูุฑููููุฉ. ุนูููุงู 1956ุ ุงุนุชููููู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ู ูููุน 150 ููุฉ ููุฉ ุงูุฎูุงูู ููู ุชูู ู ููุช ุฅูููู ูู ููู ููุฌ ุขุฎุฑููููู ูููุงูุณุ ุฅุงู ุฃูู ููุงุทูู ุงูุณู ููุฉ ูุดู ููู ุฎูููู ุนูุฌูููุฑุช ุชุฑุฆุชููููู ูู ููุงููููุฉ ุงุฃูู ูููุฑ. ูู ุบุถููููู ุงุฃููุฑูููููู ุงููุทููููู ุงู ูุคู ุชูููุฑ ูุงู ุฐูููููุ ูููุฏ ููุทู ุงูุณู ููู ุงููุงุดู ููุฏู ู ู ููุฑุถ ููุชุญู ูุชุนู
ุงู ูุชุดูููุฏุฏูู ุงูุฐููููู ุงููููุฐู ุงูุณููููู ู ุงููููููุฌ ุฃู ุงุนุชูููุฑูุง ููุฑ ููู ุบู ููู ุงุฃููุฑููู ููุฑ ุงููุทูู ููุฏู ุงู ูุคู ุชู ูุนุชู ู
ููููููุฐุง ูุงุนูููู. ุฑุณุนูููุงู ู ูููุง ุงูุดูููููุง ูุดููููููุง "ู ุคู ุชูููุฑ ูู ุงุฃูู ูููุฑ ุงุฃููุงุฑููููุฉ"ุ ุณููููุจุง ุฃุซูููุฑ ุงููููุฐู ุงููุทููููู ุงู ูุคู ุชูููุฑ ูู
. ูููููู ุฃููุฑ ุงุจูููุฏุฃ ุ1961 ุนูููุงู ุฃู ููููุฏุฑู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุงููุถูููุงู ุงู ูุณููููุญ ููููู ุงููุญููููุฏ ุงูุณูููุจูู ุงูุชุบููููุฑ. ูุชุญูููููู ุชุฃุณููููุณ ูู ูุดูููุงุฑู Umkhonto weุฑู ูููุญ )ุฃู Sizweุงุฃูู ูููุฉ(ุ ูููููู ุนุจูููุงุฑุฉ ุนูููู ุฌููููุงุญ ู ุณููููุญ ููู ุคู ุชูููุฑ ุชุงุจูููุน ุงุฃููุฑูููููู ุงููุทููููู ุฃุณูููุงููุจ ุฅูู ูุฌูููุฃ ูุญูููุฑุจ ุงูุชุฎุฑููููุจ ุงูุบุฑููููุงู ู ูููู ุฃุฌูููู ูุถูููุน ุญูููุฏ ููุชู ูููููุฒ
. ูุนููููุฑู ุงู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุนูููู ุญููููู ุ1962 ุนูููุงู ุจุงูุณูููุฌู ุงู ูุคุจูููุฏ ู ูููุน ุงุฃูุดูููุบุงู ุงูุดูููุงูุฉ. ุญููููุซ ุฑูุจูููู ุฌุฒููููุฑุฉ ูู ุณูููุฌู ูููููุฏ ุฃู ูููู 18 ุนุงู ูููุง ู ูููู ุฃุตูููู 27 ูุถุงููููุง ูู ุงูุณูููุฌู. ูุงููููุช ุงูุญููููุงุฉ ูููููุงู ุจุฏุงุฆููููุฉุ ููุงู ุงุงูุชุตูููุงู ุจุงูุนูููุงู ู ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูููู ู ุญูููุฏูุฏุง. ูุชูููุจ ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ูู ุณูููุฑุชู ุงูุฐุงุชููููุฉ "ุงู ูุณูููุฑุฉ ูููู ูููุฉ": "ูุงู ุงูุญูููุงุฑุณ ุงููู ูููุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุญุฑู ุงูุทููููููุธููููุง ุนููููุฏ ุงูุณูููุงุนุฉ ุงูุฎุงู ุณูููุฉ ูุงููุตูููู ุจููููุฑุน ุฌูููุฑุณ ู ูููู ุงููุญูููุงุณ ูู ู ุฏุฎูููู ุงููููุฑูุงู... ู ู ุชููููู ูุฏูููููุง ู ููููุงู ุฌุงุฑููููุฉ ูู ุฒูุฒุงูุงุชููููุงุ ููุงู ุงู ูุฑุญูููุงุถ ุนุจูููุงุฑุฉ ุนูููู ุฏููููู
ููุฏ". ููู ุงูุญุฏูู ู ููุชูููุจ ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ูู ุฑุณูููุงุฆู ุฌูููุฑู ุชูุฑูุจููููุง ู ุคุณุณูููุฉ ุฃู ุดูููุฎุต "ุฃู ุงูุณูููุฌู ู ูููู ูููุตูุจูุง ููู ุณู ููู ูุฑุงู ุชู ููุฏู ู ู ููุงูู ุชุฌุฑูู ุชุญููููุง ูุงู ูููุง ู ู ูููู ุนูู ูููู ุฃุชุฎ ูููู ู ูููู ุฃููู ุงููุด
ุงูุซู ูููู ุฃู ู ููููุง ุงุดูููุชุฏุช ุงูุถุบููููุท".ูู ูุฌููููุฏู ุฎูููุงูู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุฃุตููููุจ
ุงู ูุนุงู ููููุฉ ุงูุณููููุ ููููููู ุจูููุฏุงุก ุงูุณูููุฌู ุฃููููู ู ุจูููุง ุงูุณูููุฌู ุนูููุงู ู ูููู ุงุฃูุณููููุฃ ููุญ ููู ูุฌู ูููุฏ. ูููู ูููุง ุฃุณู ููุฌููุง ุณูุงุณู ูุงู ุณูุงูุญูููููู ูู ุฅุฌูููุงุฒุฉ ุนูููู ุงูุญุตููููู ูู ุฎูููุงูู ููููุฑุชุฉ ุณูููุฌููุ ุนูููู ุทุฑููููู ุจุฑูุงู ูููุฌ
ูููููุฏู. ุฌุงู ุนูููุฉ ู ูููุน ููู ุฑุงุณููููุฉ ุจุญูููููู ู ูุชุตูููู ุงูุณูููุจุนูููุงุชุ ุฃุตุจุญูููุช "ูุถููููุฉ ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุนูููู ุงุฅูููููุฑุงุฌ ู ุณูููุฃูุฉ ููุงุชุ ููุน ุงูุซุงููููู ููุฉ". ููู ู ุทูู ููุฉ ุฑุงุฆุฌู ููุฑุงูููุดูููุนุงุฑ ุชุญูููุช ุฏููููููุฉ ุญู ููููุฉ ุงูุทูููููุช ู ู ูููููู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู". ููููุณููููู "ุงูุญุฑููููุฉ ูููู. ูููู ุงูุฒู ูููุฏ ู ูููุฏ ุนู ูููู ุฅุงู ุจุน ูููู ุฑุณุงุญ ูุทู1985ุ ุฃุนููููู ุงูุฑุฆููููุณ ูุจ ุฏุจูููููู ุนูููุงู ููุง ุฃููููู ู ุณูููุชุนุฏ ู ูููููุญ ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุญุฑูุชูููู ุจูุชูุนูููู ูุชุฎูููู ุฃู ุฑุดุท ุงูุนููููู. ููููุฑุฏ ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุฃู ุจูุชูููุง ุนูููู ุจุฃููููู ูููู ูููู ุนู ูููู ุฃูุงู ุน ูุชุฎุงูุนููููุฑู. ุงูุชู ูููููุฒ ุฑุณูููุงูุฉ ูู ููุชูููุจ "ูุญุฏููููู ุงูุฑููููุถ ูุณูููุชุทูุนูู ุงุฃูุญูููุฑุงุฑ
. ูุถ" ูุชููููุง ุงุนูููู ูุนููููู ูู ู ููุงู ููู ู ุงูุฏูู ููุฑุงุฌ ุนู ุงุฅูููุฃุตููููุจ ุจุนุฏู ูููุง ุฅุงู ููุฉ ููุฉ ุฏู ุงุบูู ููุง ุจุฌูุทู ุจูุชูุฅู ู ูุงููููู ูุญูููู ูููุฑูุ ููุงู ูููู ุฏู ูู ุฏุจูููุฑุงููููุฑ 11 ูู ุฐููููู 1990. ุจุนูููุฏ ุณูููุงุนุงุชุ ุชุนููููุฏ ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุจูุถูููุน ูููุตูููู ูููููุงูุฆ ุญูููุฏ ูู ู ูุงุฆูููุงู ุงูุนููููุฑู ุงุฅูููููุฑุงุฌ ุนูููู ูุนููููู ุฅุงู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุนูููู ุจุนุฏู ูููุง ุฃุตููููุจ ุจูุชูููุง
15 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
"ุงุฃู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฑู ุงูุชู ููุฒ ุงูุนู๏ฟฝุณ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฑู ูุซูุฑุง
ูุจู ุฎุชูู
ุชุฌููุงุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู. ุญุงุฑุจุชู
ุทูู๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฉ ุญูุงุชูุ
ุงุฃุญุงุฑุจู ุงูุขู
ู๏ฟฝุณ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุฃุธู ุงุฃุญุงุฑุจู
ุญุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู ุงูุฑู ู ุงูุฃุฎูุฑโ - ููู๏ฟฝุณูู ู ุงูุฏูุงู
ุงูุญุฑูุฉ ูุฃุฎูุฑุง: ูููุณูู ููููู ู ุงูุฏูุงู ูุญุชูุงูู ูู ูุฐู ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูู ุคุฑุฎุฉ ูู 11 ูุจุฑุงูุฑ 1990
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
ุจุฌูุทูููุฉ ุฏู ุงุบููููุฉ ูุญูููู ู ูุงููููู ุฅู ุฏุจูููููู ุฏู ูููููุฑูุ ููุงู ุฐููููู ูู 11 ูุฑุงููููุฑ 1990. ุจุนูููุฏ ุณูููุงุนุงุชุ ุชุนููููุฏ ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุจูุถูููุน ุญูููุฏ "ุงููููููู ุงูุนููููุฑู ูุงุฆูููุงู ูููููุงูุฆ ูููุตูููู ุชูููุฏุฑู ุบุงูุจููููุฉ ุฃุจููููุงุก ุฌูููููุจ ุฃูุฑููููููุงุ ู ูููู ุงูุณููููุฏ ูุงูุจููููุถุ ุฃููููู ุงู ู ุณูููุชูุจู ูููุตูููู ูููุฑู ูููุงูู ุชุญ ูููู ุฎ ูููุงุคู ู ูููุฑู. ูุฌูููุจ ุฅูู ุงูุนูุฌุงุนูููู ุญุงุณูููู . ุงูุชุธุฑููููุง ุทูููููุงู ููุญุตููููู
ุนูููู ุญุฑูุชููููุง".ููุน ููุงูุถ ู ู ููุงู ูู ุงูุชูู ููุชู ุฑ ู ุงูุฏูู ููุฏ ุงุณู ูููููู ููู ุฃุฌู ููุฑู ู ู ููู ุฏู ููู ููุณ ุฅู ุฏุจููู ุงูุฑุฆููููููุฏ. ูููุง ุงูุณ ูููุงุฑู ููู ูููุงุช ูุด ูููุฑุงุก ุฃูู ุงูุชุฎุงุจ ุฅุฌูุงู ุงูุจููููุถ ูู ุฌูููููุจ ุฃูุฑููููููุง ู ุณูููุชุนุฏูู ูุชูุงุณูููู ุงูุณููููุทุฉุ ูููููู ุนูููุฏุฏุง ูุจูููุฑุง ู ูููู ุงูุณููููุฏ ูุงู ูุฑููููุฏ ุงูุชููููุงุงู ูุงู ูููุงู ููุณููููุทุฉ. ูููููุฏ ูุงุฌููููุช ุงู ููุงูุถูููุงุช ุนุฑุงูููููู ุนูููุฏุฉุ
ูุชุณูููุจุจุช ุจุงููููุฏุงูุน ุฃุนูููุงู ุนููููู.ุนูููุงู 1993ุ ููููุงู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ูุฏู ูููููุฑู ุฌุงุฆูููุฒุฉ ููุจูููู ููุณูููุงูู ุจุตููููุฑุฉ ู ุดูููุฑุชูุฉ "ูุนู ูููููุง ู ูููู ุฃุฌูููู ุฅูููููุงุก ูุธูููุงู ุงููุตูููู ุณููููู ูุฉุ ูุฅูุฑุณูููุงุฆูุง ุจุทุฑูููููุฉ ุงูุนููููุฑู ูููุฉ". ูููู ุจุงูุฏู ููุฑุงุทู ูููุงูุฏ ุชูุน ูููุฏุฉ ูุจ ูููุง ุฌุฏู ุฃุณุณุจุนูููุฏ ุนูููุงู ุ ุฃุตุจูููุญ ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ุฃูู ุฑุฆููููุณ ูู ุงุณูููุชู ุฑ ุฃูุฑููููููุง. ุฌูููููุจ ูู ุฃุณููููุฏ ูููุณูููุจ ุ1999 ุนูููุงู ุญุชูููู ุงู ููุตูููุจ ุฅูููููู ุงููุถูููู ูู ูููููุงุฏุฉ ุฌูููููุจ ุฃูุฑููููููุง ูุญูููู ุญูุจูููุฉ ุฌุฏููููุฏุฉ ุจุนููููุฏุง ู ูููู ุงูุชู ูููููุฒ
ุงูุนููููุฑู.ูููู ูููุง ุถุญ ูููุง ุนุธู ูููุงู ู ุฑุคููู ูููุฑุณ ุงูุน ูููุฏ ุฎ ููููููู ูููุฑุชู ูููุณ ูููุฉ. ู ูููู ุงูุญุฑู ูููู ุฃุฌ ูููุฑ ู ุจุงููุซููุงุฏุฉ ููุฏ ุงููู ููู ุฃุญู ููู ู ูู ููุง ูุฌุนู ููุงู ุฅุฑุซู ู ุงูุฏููุงุฃูููููุฑ ุฅููุงู ูููุง ูู ูู ุงูุนุตููููุฑุ ูููููุฏ ุนูู ููููุง ููุฉ. ููุงู ุญุฉ ูุงู ูุตุงูุญู ููู ููู ุณู ููู ุงูุญูููู ุงู ูุนููุงุฌุชุงุนูููู ุชุบููููุฑ ุชุญูููููู ูู ูุณูููุงูู ุฑ "ุงู ูุญูููุฑ ูุงู ูููููุฏ ุญุงุณูููู . ูุงูุชุตูููุงุฏู ุงูุนุฑุดููููู"ุ ุงูููููุฑู ูู ุงุฃูุฎูููุฑ ุงูุนุธููููู
ููุง. ูููู ุฃูุจุงู ู ููุจ ูู ุจุญุณู
14 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุณูุงุณุฉุณูุงุณุฉยฉ
AP
Imag
es
"ุงู ูููููุช ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ูููุณููููู ููููุงู ุฃู ูููุฑ ุงู ู ููููุฑ ู ููููู. ุนูุฏู ูููุง ูุตููููุน ุงูุฑุฌูููู ู ูููุง ูุนุชูููุฑู ูุงุฌุจูููู ุชุฌูููุงู ุดูููุนุจู ูุจูููุงูุฏูุ ููู ููุฏ ุฃููู ููุงูู . ุฃุนุชูู ููุฏ ุจุณู ููุชุทูุน ุฃู ูุฑูู ูุณููุนููููุช ู ูููุง ุงุณูููุชุทุนุชุ ููุฐููููู ุณูููุฃุฑูุฏ ุฅูู
ุงุฃูุจูููุฏ".ููุฑ ุงุขูู ููุน ุฃูู ููุงุช ููู ููุฐู ุงูููู ููุงุช ููู ุจูููู ููู . ู ู ููู ุงูุนุธูู ููุฐุง ุงูุฑุฌู ููู ูู ููุฏ ุฑุญูู ุจุนูุงูุทุจูุนูููู ุฃู ูุนูููุฑ ููููุฐุง ุงูุนูููุฏุฏ ุงููุงุฆูููู ู ูููู ุงุฃูุดูููุฎุงุต ุนูููู ุงุญุฑุชุงู ููููู ูุชูุฏูุฑููููู ู ูุงูุฏููููุงู. ูููููุฏ ุงูุถูููู ุนูููุฑุดุงุช ุงุขูุงูู ู ูููู ูููู ูููุฑ ู ูููุฏุฏ ูุจ ูููุง ุฅูู ุน ููููุจ ุฃูุฑููู ููููุงู ุฌู ุณ
ููููุงุฏุฉ ุงูุนูููุงู ู ุงูุฐููููู ูุฏุนููููุง ููููุฐุง ุงูุฒุนููููู ูู ููุณูููุงูู ุ ุตุงูุนูููุง ูุงู ุงููููุฐู ุงูุนุธููููู ุฌููุงูุณูููุฑุบ ูู ู ูููููุจ ูุทููููู ู ุฃุชูููู ุณูููุฌู ูููููุฏ ุฏูุณูููู ุฑ. ู ูุชุตูููู ูู ูุฃุนูููููุช ู ูุดููููู ูุนูููุด ูู ุฌุซุงููููู ููุจูุน. ููุฏุฉ ุฃุณู ููุงู ู ูู ููุฏุงุฏ ุงูุนู ููุฉ ุงูุญู ุงูุญููู ูููุง ููู ุชุญุจุจู ููุฐู ูุงู ูุฏุนู ููุงู ุงูู ููู ู ุงูุฏูู ูุฏูู"ู ุงุฏูุจูููุง"ุ ูู ูุฑููููุฉ ูููููููุ ู ุณููููุท ุฑุฃุณููููุ
ูู ู ุญุงูุธูููุฉ ูููููุจ ุงูุฑุดูููููุฉ.ูููุ ูุงู ุงูุฑุฆููููุณ ููุฃ ููุงุชู ูููู ูุจู ููููุฏู ูุตูุงุฃูู ุฑููููู ุจูููุงุฑุงู ุฃูุจุงู ูููุง ุฃูู ู ูููู ููููุฏู ุฅูููููู ุชุญููููุฉุ ูุงุฆูููุงู ุฅู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ูุงู ูุงุฆูููุฏุง ููู ุฃู ููุชุทูุน ุฃู ุฑุฌู ููุง ูุณู ููุฑ ู ู ููู ุฃูู "ุญูู
ููุง". ููู ููู ู ููู ุจุชุญูููู ูุฃู ูููุงุฏุฉ ููุงุฏ ูู ููุงุฒุฉุ ุฃุดู ููู ุงูุฌูู ููุงูู ู ุฑุงุณู ูุฎููุฑุฆููููุณ ุฃูุจุงู ูููุง ุฑุฃุณููููู ุนูููู ุงูุนูููุงู ูุ ุงูููููุฒุฑุงุก ุงูุฑูุทูููุงูู ุฏููููููุฏ ูุงู ูููุฑูู ูุฃู ูููู ูู-ู ูููููุ ุจูููุงู ุงู ูุชุญูููุฏุฉ ุงุฃูู ูููู ุนูููุงู
ุจู"ุนู ูููุงูู ุงูุชุงุฑููููุฎ" ุงูุฑุงุญูููู.ููููุงู ุฃูุจุงู ูููุง ูู ููู ุชูููู ุงูุชุฃุจููููููุฉ "ูุถุงููููู ุงูุชุตุงุฑููููู . ูุงู ูุงูุชุตูููุงุฑู ูุถุงูููููู . ูุงู ูููู ูููู ูุขู ุงู ูููู ูุฑุงู ุชู ูููู ุน ูููุฑุช ุญูุงุช ูููุฏ ุน ูู
ู ูุฏู ููุฑุงุทูุชูููู ุญุฑูุชููููู ูููุฏ ูุชุฌุณ ู ุ ุฅุฑุซูููู ุงูุนุฒููููุฒ... ุงูุนูููุงู ู ูุดููููุฑูู ุฃููููููู
ุชุดูููุงุทุฑุชู ูููุณููููู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ู ุนููููุง".ู ุซูุงู ุฌุฏูุฏ ู ู ูุฑู "ูู ุฃูุจุงู ุง ูุฃุถุงู
ูุดุจุงุจ ุฃููู ููููู ู ุงูุฏูุงู. ููููุณูู ูููู ูููุงู ูุ ู ูููู ููููู ุงูุน ูููุจุงุจ ุญ ูููุงุ ูููุด ุฃูุฑููู
ููู ููุงุญ ุญูุงุชู ูููุง ููู ุฃู ุชุชุจููุงูุฑุคุณูููุงุก ุฃูุถูููุง ุงูุฌููููุงุฒุฉ ูุญูููุฑ ุฏุจูููููู ุฌููููุฑุฌ ุงูุณูููุงุจููู ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููููู ูุงุฑุชูููุฑ ูุฌูู ูููู ููููุชููููู ูุจููููู ุจููููุด ููู ููู. ูุงูุถู ููุงุฏุฉ ุงูุนุงู ููู ููู ุงููู ูููุงูู ู ู ูุณูุชุดูููุงุฑูู ูุงู ูู ุซููููุฉ ุจููููููุ ุงููููุฑูู ูุฌูููู ุซูููุฑููุ ูุนุงุฑุถูููุฉ ุงุฃูุฒููููุงุก ูุนูู ูููู ูุงู ุจููููุ ุฅูู ุงูุนูููุฏุฏ ุงููุจูููุฑ ู ูููู ุงูุดูููุฎุตูุงุช ุงู ูุฑู ูููููุฉ ุงูุชูููู ุญูููุฑุช ูุชูุฑููููู ุงูุฑุฌูููู ุงููููุฐู ููููุงุฏ ููู ูููุฏ ู ู ููุฏ ุนูู ููุฉ ุจุนู ููุงูุฏู ุฅูู ุงูุฏู ููุฑุงุทูู ุจู
ุนููููููุง. ุงูุจูุถูููุงุก ุงุฃูููููููุฉ ุณููููุทุฑุฉ ุญููููุงุฉ ุบุฑ ุนุงุฏูุฉ
ูููููููู 18 ูู ู ุงูุฏููููุงู ูููุณููููู ูููููุฏ ุฌูููููุจ ูู ุชุฑุงูุณูููู ู ููุณููููุ ูู ุ1918ุงูุญุฑููููุฉ ูู ุจูุดูููุงุท ุงูุฎูููุฑุท ุฃูุฑููููููุง. ุงู ููุงูุถูููุฉ ูููุตูููู ุงูุนููููุฑู )ุงุฃูุจุงุฑุชุงููููุฏ(
ุจูู ุงูุนุงูู ุญุฒูุง ุนูู ููุฏุงู ุฑุฌู ุนุธูู ูู 5 ุฏูุณู ุจุฑ 2013. ููุฏ ุชููู ูููุณูู ู ุงูุฏูุงู ุงูุฐู ุงูุญููู ุนู ุงูุฏูุงุน ูู ุทูููุฉ ู ุณูุฑุฉ ุฎุงุถ ุนุงู ุงุ 95 ุฃูุฑูููุงุ ุนู ุนู ุฑ ูู ุฌููุจ ุงูู ุฏููุฉ ูู ู ูุฒูู ูู ุฌููุงูุณุจุฑุบ. ุฌูุงูุง ุฃูุฏุฑูุฒ ุชูุชุจ ุงูุชู ููุฒ ุงููุถุงู ุถุฏ ุจุทู ุชุฑูู ุงูุฐู ุงุฅูุฑุซ ุนู ูู ุนุงู ุง 27 ุฃู ุถู ุงูุฐู )ุงุฃูุจุงุฑุชุงูุฏ( ุงูุนูุตุฑู ุงูุณุฌูุ ุซู ุฃุตุจุญ ุฃูู ุฑุฆูุณ ู ูุชุฎุจ ุฏูู ูุฑุงุทูุง
ูู ุฌููุจ ุฃูุฑูููุง.
(1918-2013) ู ุงูุฏูุงู
ููู๏ฟฝุณูู
13 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุดูุฏุช ุงุฃูุนูุงู ุงูุชุณุนุฉ ุงูุชู ุงููุถุช ู ูุฐ ููุงุฉ ูุงุฑุณ ุนุฑูุงุชุ ุญุฏุซู ู ุชูุงูุถู ุนูุฏ ุฑุถูุญู ุงู ูุจูู ู ุฏุฎู ู ู ุฎุทูุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุนู ููุน ุงูุฐู ูู ูู ุงู ูุชูุงุถุน ุงูุฐู ูุงู ูุณุชุนู ูู ู ูุชุจุง ูู ูุฑุง ูุงู ููุงุชูุ ูุญุชู ุญูุงุชู. ู ู ุงุฃูุฎุฑุฉ ุงูุณููุงุช ูุฐุง ุงู ูุจูู ุฃูุถุง ู ุจุซุงุจุฉ ุณุฌู ููุฒุนูู ุงูููุณุทููู ุงูููุณุทููู". "ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุฑุณู ู ููุจู ูุงู ุงูุฐู ุฃู ุฅุงู ุงู ููุงูุ ุฅูู ูุฑุชุฏุฏูุง ุฃู ุงูุฒูุงุฑ ุจุฅู ูุงู ูุงู ุฃูุถุง ูุณูุทุฑูู ูุงููุง ุงูุฐูู ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูููู ุงูุฌููุฏ ุนู ููุณุทู ุจูุงู ููุงุ ูุงููุง ููุฑุถูู ุนู ุนุฑูุงุช
ุงูุจูุงุก ุฏุงุฎู ุงู ูุฌู ุน.ุงูุญุฏุซ ุงุฃููู ุญุตู ุจุนุฏ ุฃุดูุฑ ุนุฏุฉ ู ู ููุงุฉ ุนุฑูุงุช. ููุฏ ุดุงูุฏุชู ูู ูุฑุดุฉ ุงุฃูุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู ูุณุงุฆูุฉ ูู ุธูุฑ ูุฎุงููู ุฅูููููู. ูู ุฌุงูุณููููู ูู ู ูุฒูู ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงุฃูู ุฑูู ุงุฃูุณุจู ุฌูู ู ูุงุฑุชุฑ ููู ุนูุฏ ุฅูููุงู ูุถุน ููุฏ ุงูุฑุฃุณ. ู ุทุฃุทุฃ ุนุฑูุงุช ุฑุถูุญ ุฑุฃูุช ู ุจุง ูุซุฑุง ุฑุณุฑุช ุงูุฑูุญ. ุนูุฏ ุงูุฒูุฑ ู ู ุฃููู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฅูู ุฌุฏุง ูุจุฑุง ุงู ููุงุฌุฃุฉ ููุน ููุงู ูููุช ูุฃุฏูุช ุงูุชุญูุฉ ุฃู ุงู ุดุงุดุฉ ุงูุชููุฒููู ููุง ุงุบุฑูุฑูุช ุนููุงู ุจุงูุฏู ูุน. ูู ูุธุฑูุ ูุงู ุนุฑูุงุช ุดุฎุตูุฉ ุชุงุฑูุฎูุฉ ุนุธูู ุฉ ุงู ุชุฒุงู ุชุตูู ุนู ุบุฑ ูุฌู ุญู ูู ุฎุงูุฉ ุงุฅูุฑูุงุจูู. ูุงู ู ุฏุงูุนุง ุดุฌุงุนุง ุนู ุญููู ุงูููุณุทูููู ููุฏ ุฌู ุนุช ุจูููุง ุนุงููุฉ ุตุฏุงูุฉ ู ูุง ูุฒูุฏ ุนู ุซุงูุซู ุนุงู ุง. ูุฌุง ู ู ู ุญุงูุงูุช ุงุบุชูุงู ุนุฏุฉ. ุซู ุฌุงุก ุชุฑุดูุญ ุฌุซุชู ููุธูุฑ ุฃูู ู ุงุช
ู ุณู ูู ุง.ุงูุฑุจูุน ุงู ูุงูุถ. ููุฏ ุงูุซุงูู ููุงู ูู ุฃู ุง ุงูุญุฏุซ ููุงุก ุณูุนูุฏ ุฃูุจุงู ุง ุจุงุฑุงู ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุฃู ุนูู ุช ุนุฑูุงุช ุฎูู ุงูุฐู ุนุจุงุณ ู ุญู ูุฏ ู ุน ุฑุณูุนุง ููุณู ุงู ููุชุจ ูู ูุฐูู ุงูููุณุทูููุฉุ ุงูุฑุฆุงุณุฉ ูู ุงูููุณุทูููุฉ" ุงูุชุญุฑูุฑ "ู ูุธู ุฉ ุฑุฆูุณ ูุงู ุงูุฐู ุณููุนู ู ุงุฐุง ุชุณุงุกูุชุ ููุฏ ููุงุชู. ุญุชู ูุดุบูู ุฃูุจุงู ุง ูุฏู ู ุฑูุฑู ุฃู ุงู ุฑุถูุญ ุนุฑูุงุช ุงููุงุฆู ูุฑุจ ูุจูููู ุงุฃูู ุฑููููุ ุขุงูู ูุฒุงู ุงู ุงู ููุชุจุ ุจุงุจ ุจุนุถ ูุงุฎุจู ุงูุณุงุจููุ ู ูุชูุนู ุจุฃู ุนุฑูุงุช ูุงู ุฅุฑูุงุจูุง. ุชุฎููุช ุฃูุจุงู ุง ูุชุดุงูุฑ ู ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู ููุธููุ ูุดููุช ูู ุฃู ูุถุน ุฅูููุงู ุนูุฏ ุงูุฑูุญ. ููุฑุช ูู ุฃูู ุจุฅู ูุงูู ุฃู ูุชููู ูููุงู ููููู ุงูุชุญูุฉุ ูู ุจุงุฏุฑุฉ ุทุจูุนูุฉ ูู ุชููุนุฉ ู ู ุฑุฆูุณ ูู ุญุฑุฉ ุฑุฆูุณ
ุขุฎุฑ ู ุณุฌู ูู ูุนุดู. ูุชุดุช ูู ูุณุงุฆู ุงุฅูุนุงูู ูุณูุงูุง ู ู ุงู ูุตุงุฏุฑุ ูุฑุญููู. ุฃูุจุงู ุง ููุตูู ุจุงูุตูุฑ ุชุบุทูุฉ ุฃุฌุฏ ููู ุฑู ุจุง ุณูู ุทุฑููุง ู ุฎุชููุง ูููุงุก ุนุจุงุณ. ููุฏ ุงุนุชุฑุช
ุฃู ุนุฏู ุฅููุงุฆู ุงูุชุญูุฉ ุนู ุนุฑูุงุช ูู ุฑุถูุญู ููู ุนู ุงุฒุฏุฑุงุก ูุฑุฌู ุนุธูู . ูุชุณุงุกูุช ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุฃูุจุงู ุง
ูุฑู ููุณู ูู ุชูู ุงููุญุธุฉ. ููุฏ ุฃุธูุฑ ูู ู ูุงุณุจุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู ููุฉ ูุดุฌุงุนุฉ. ููุฏ ุงุนุชุฑุช ุฃู ุณูููู ููุฏู ุฏููุงู ุฏุงู ุบุง ุนู ุฃู ุงููููุจ ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูู ูุชู ุชุน ุจูุจุถุฉ ูููุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฅูู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูู ููุฌุญ ุญุชู ูู ุชุฑููุจ ุฑุฆูุณูุง. ูุฑุณุนุงู ู ุง ุชุญูู
ุบุถุจู ุฅูู ุดููุฉ.ุฃุชุฐูุฑ ุฌูุฏุง ุฃู ูุงุฑุชุฑ ุฎุฏู ุฃุญูุงูุง ู ุตุงูุญ ุฅุฑุณุงุฆูู ูู ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุฑุฆุงุณุชู. ููุฏ ุชุจูู ุณูุงุณุฉ "ุนุฏู ุงููุงูู " ูู ู ุจูุฌุจูุง ุงู ุชูุน ูุงูุชู ุฅุฑุณุงุฆููุ ุงุชุจุนุชูุง ุงูุชู ุงู ูุณุคููู ูู ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ูุงุฑุชุฑ ุนู ุงูุชูุงุตู ุงู ูุจุงุฑุด ู ุน ูู ุงูููุณุทูููุฉ". ุงูุชุญุฑูุฑ "ู ูุธู ุฉ ูู ุงู ูุณุคููู ุนุฑูุงุช ู ุน ุงูุซุงูู ุงุฌุชุงุนู ุจุนุฏ ุ1978 ูููู ุฑ ู ู ุฃุตู ุณุชุฉ ุงุฌุชุงุนุงุช ุนูุฏุชูุง ู ุนูุ ุนุฏุช ู ู ุฏู ุดู ุญุงู ุงู ุฑุดูุทุง ู ูุตูุฉ ููุณุงูู ุงูุฐู ูุงู ูู ุนุฑูุงุช ุฅูู ู ู ุดุฃู "ู ูุธู ุฉ ุงูุชุญุฑูุฑ ุงูููุณุทูููุฉ" ุงูุนูุด ุงูููุณุทููููู ููุจู ู ุจูุฌุจูุงุ ุจู. ุงููุจูู
ุจุณุงูู ู ุน ุฅุฑุณุงุฆููุ ููุชุฎููู ุนู ุฃู ู ุณุนู ููุฑุถ ุชูุณูุน ููุณุทู
ุจุงูููุฉุ ุงูุฌุฏูุฏุฉ ููููู ูู ุนุงููุงุช ุชุฌุงุฑูุฉ ุงููุงูุน ุงุฃูู ุฑ ุจุญูู ุฃู ุฑุดุท ุฅุฑุณุงุฆูู ู ุน ุชุนุฑุชู ูุฐู ุงุฃูุฎุฑุฉ ุจุฃู ููุณุทู ุชุชุฃูู ู ู ูู ุงุณุชููุช ุงูุชู ุงุฃูุฑุงูุถ ููููู ูู ุฅุฑุณุงุฆูู ุนูููุง ูุตู ู ู ุฑ ู ุน ุ1967ุจุบุฒุฉ. ุงูุบุฑุจูุฉ ุงูุถูุฉ ุฌุฏูุฏุง ุชูุงุฒุงู ูุฐุง ูุงู ุงูููุณุทูููู ู ู ู ูุง ุฅูู ุฅุฑุณุงุฆูู. ูุฏู ุนูุฏูุช ุงูุชููุช ูุงุดูุทูุ ุฅูู ุจุฑูุฌูุณูุ ุฒุจูุบููู ูุฃูู ู ูุงุฑุชุฑ ู ุณุชุดุงุฑ ุงุชุถุญ ุฃูู ุฅุงู ุงูููู ูุ ุจุทุฑููุฉ ููุชุฒู ุฃูู ูู "ุนุฏู ู ุจุจุฏุฃ ู ุจุงุฑุดุฉ ุบุฑ ุงููุงูู " ู ุน ุงูููุณุทูููู.
ููู ู ู ูุจุฏ ุฃู ุงูุชุงู ุจุงูุชูุฑูุฑ ุงูุฐู ุญู ูุชู ู ู ุนุฑูุงุช.
ุนู ูุงุฑุชุฑ ู ุญุงู ูุง ูููุกุงุ ุฑูุจุฑุช ุดุฑุชุงูุณุ ู ุจุนูุซุง ุฎุงุตุง ุฅูู ุงูุฑุดู ุงุฃููุณุท. ููุฏ ุจููุช ุนุงููุงุช ูุซููุฉ ู ุนู. ุฐุงุช ููู ูุงู ูู ุดุฑุชุงูุณ "ุฃุฑุบุจ ูุซุฑุง ูู ููุงุก ุนุฑูุงุช. ุฃูุง ูุงุซู ู ู ุฃููู ุฃุณุชุทูุน ุงูุชุนุงู ู ู ุนู ูุชุณููุฉ ุงุฃูู ูุฑ. ููู ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ูู ูุณู ุญ ูู ุจุฐูู".
ุฑุตูุฏูุ ูู ู ุชุณุฌ ููุทุฉ ููุฐู ูุงุฑุชุฑุ ุฃู ุฅุงู ู ุบุงุฏุฑุชู ูุจู ุงุฃูุจูุถ ุงูุจูุช ูู ุนุฑูุงุช ุงุณุชูุจู ู ูุตุจูุ ูุฃุดุงุฏ ุจู ุงูุญูุง ูู ูุชุจู ูู ูุงุงูุชู. ููุฏ ูุฑุถ ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ูุงุฑุชุฑ ู ุฑุชู ุนู ุฑุฆูุณ ุงููุฒุฑุงุก ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูู ู ูุงุญูู ุจูุบู ููู ุงูุนุฏูุงู ุงูุนุณูุฑู ุนู ูุจูุงู. ุชููุฏ ุฅุฑุณุงุฆูู ุฃู ู ู ุจุฑูุฌูุณู ุงุดุชูู ูู ุคุฎุฑุง ุงูููู ุงูุญููู ุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููุฉ "ู ุซู ุจุบู ุฃุญู ู". ููุฏ ุฃุฑุณู ุฃูุจุงู ุงุ ุจุฏูุน ู ู ุฅุฑุณุงุฆููุ ุณููุง ุญุฑุจูุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุชุฎุทูุท ุฅุทุงุฑ ูู ุณูุฑูุงุ ูุจุงูุฉ ุงุฅููููู ูุฉ ุงู ููุงู ุงูุณูุฑู. ุงููุธุงู ุถุฏ ู ุญุฏูุฏุฉ ุนุณูุฑูุฉ ุฃูุนุงู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููููุจ ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูู ู ุง ูุฒูุฏ ุนู ู ุฆุชู ุดุฎุต ููุชุฃูุฏ ู ู ุฏุนู ุงููููุบุฑุณ ูููุฌูู ุนู ุณูุฑูุง.
ูุฌุฃุฉุ ุฏูุนุช ุฃุญุฏุงุซ ุฃุฎุฑู ุจุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงุฃูู ุฑูู ุฅูู ุชุบูุฑ ู ุณุงุฑู. ููุฏ ุงูุชุดู ุฃูุจุงู ุง ูุงููููุบุฑุณุ ููุง ููุง ู ู ู ุนุฌุฒุฉุ ุฃู ุงูุดุนุจ ุงุฃูู ุฑูู ูุนุงุฑุถ ุจุดุฏุฉ ุดู ูุฌูู ุนุณูุฑู ุนู ุณูุฑูุง. ู ู ุชุทูู ุฎุงูู ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูู ุงููููุจ ูุนุงุฏ ูุงุญุฏุฉ. ุฑุตุงุตุฉ
ุงูููุงุถ. ูู ู ุชุณูุท ุงูุณุงุก ุนู ุงุฃูุฑุถ.ููุฏ ุชุตุฏู ูุฒูุฑ ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููุฉ ุฌูู ูุฑู ููููุจ ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูู ูู ู ุณุฃูุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุนุฑ ุงูุชูุตู ุฅูู ุงุชูุงู ู ุคูุช ู ุน ุฅูุฑุงู ุญูู ุจุฑูุงู ุฌูุง ุงููููู. ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูููุฉ ููุญููู ุฉ ุงูุชูุงุฏุงุช ุฃูุถุง ููุฌู ูุฑู ุงูููุณุทูููู ู ุน ุงูุชุนุงู ู ูู ูู ุฌูุชูุง ุจุณุจุจ ุงูููุช ุญุงู ุฑู ุจุง ุฅูุฑุงู. ู ุน ูุงูุชูุงู ูู ุนุงุฑุถุชูุง ููููุฑ ุฃูุจุงู ุง ุนู ุฃุฎุทุงุฆู. ูุฎุงูู ุงูุนุงู ู ุงู ูุชุจููู ุฅุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงุชุฎุงุฐ ูุณุชุทูุน ุงูุฑุฆุงุณูุฉุ ูุงููุชู ู ู ุจุฅู ูุงู ุงูุณุงุจูุฉ. ุฃุฎุทุงุฆู ุนู ููุชุนููุถ ุญุงุณู ุฉ ุฃูุจุงู ุง ุฃู ูุตุฏุฑ ู ุฑุณูู ุง ุชูููุฐูุง ููุต ุนู ุชุนููู ุจุณูุงุฏุฉ ุชูุจู ุญุชู ุฅุฑุณุงุฆูู ุฅูู ุงู ูุณุงุนุฏุงุช ูู ุงููุงููู ูุชููุน ู ุนุงูุฏุฉ ุณุงูู ู ุน ููุณุทู. ู ู ุดุฃู ู ุฑุณูู ู ุงุซู ุฃู ูุนูู ุงุฃูู ุฑูููุฉ ุงูุญููู ุฉ ุงุฃููู ุนู ุณูุชู ู ูุฏุฉ ุงูุชูุงุทุค ูู ุงุฅูู ุนุงู ู ู ุฅุฑุณุงุฆูู ุงุบุชุตุงุจ ูู ุงูููุณุทููููุ ูุญููู ุนู ุฃู ู ุฃู ูุฏูุน ุจุงุชุฌุงู ููุณุทูููุฉ ุฏููุฉ ููุงู ุจุณุงูู ุชุนูุด ู ุณุชููุฉ ุฃู ูู ููู ุฅุฑุณุงุฆูู. ู ุน ุญุชู ููู ูุฐุง ูุชุญูู ู ู ุฏูู ุฃู ูุฃู ุฑ ุฃูุจุงู ุง
ุจุฅุทุงูู ุฑุตุงุตุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ.ุญูู ู ุฌุฑุฏ ูุฐุง ูู ููู ุฑู ุจุงุ ู ุณุชุญููุ ุงู ูุนุฌุฒุงุช ุชุญุฏุซ. ุนู ุฑู 92 ุนุงู ุงุ ูุขู ู ุจุฃู ุฃุนูุด ุฃูุดูุฏ ุนู ุณุงูู ุนุงุฏู ูู ุงูุฑุดู ุงุฃููุณุทุ ูุฃุดุงูุฏ ู ู ุฅูููุงู ูุถุน ุฃูุจุงู ุง ุงูุฒููุฑ ุนู ุฑุถูุญ ุนุฑูุงุช. "ู ุง ุฃุถูู ุงูุนูุด ููุงู
ูุณุญุฉ ุงุฃูู ู".
ุงูุฒุนูู ุจููุงุฉ ูุญูุท ุงูุบู ูุถ ูุฒุงู ุงู ุชุณุนุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุนุฑูุงุช ูุงุณุฑ ุงูููุณุทููู ุฃุนูุงู ุนูู ุฑุญููู. ููุฏ ุฎูุต ูุฑูู ุทุจู ุฅูู ุณููุณุฑู ูุงู ุจู ุนุงููุฉ ุฌุซุชู ู ุคุฎุฑุง ุฃู ุฑุฆูุณ "ู ูุธู ุฉ ุงูุชุญุฑูุฑ ุงูููุณุทูููุฉ" 210 ุงูุจููููููู ุจู ุงุฏุฉ ู ุณู ูู ุง ู ุงุช ุฑ ุจูู ูููุฏูู ุงุฃูุฒู ูุฉ ุงูุบุงุจุฑุฉ ุงููุงุชูุฉ. ูุชุฐูู ุฎุชููุชูู ู ูุงุฑุจุชูู ุนูุฏ ููุชููู ุงุฃูู ุฑููู ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ู ู ูู ุฃุธูุฑูู ุง ุงูุญุงูู ูุงูุฑุฆูุณ ูุงุฑุชุฑ ุฌูู ู ุงุฃูุณุจู ุจุงุฑุงู ุฃูุจุงู ุง ูู ุงูุชุนุงู ู ู ุน ุนุฑูุงุช ุจุนุฏ
ููุงุชู.
โุงูุชูู )ุงุฃูุจุงู ุง( ุจุงูุชูุฌู ูุญู ุจุงุจ
ุงูู ูุชุจ ู ู ุฏูู
ุงููุชูุงุช ูู ูุฉ ุงุฃู
ู๏ฟฝุณุฑุฉ. ููุฏ ุชุฌุงูู
ุฑุฌุงู ๏ฟฝุณุงูุญุง ูุนุธูู ุง.
๏ฟฝุณุนุฑุช ุจุฎูุจุฉ ุงุฃู ู
ูุจูุฑุฉุ ูุช๏ฟฝุณุงุกูุช ุงุฅุฐุง
ูุงู ุงุฃูุจุงู ุง ููุฑู ูู๏ฟฝุณู
ูู ุชูู ุงููุญุธุฉ โ
ุฌูู ู ูุงุฑุชุฑ ูุถุน ุฅูููู ุงูุฒูุฑ ุนูู ูุจุฑ ุนุฑูุงุช
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
ุณุฉ ุณูุง
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
ุญูู ู ๏ฟฝุณุชุญููุ
11 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
ู ุฑู ููููุฉ. ููุนุชูููุฏ ุนููู ูุทููุงู ูุงุณููุน ุฃูููู ูุงู ููู ููู ุนููู ุงุฎุชุงูู ููุชูููู ูุญููู ุฎุตูู ููู. ูุฎููุฑ ุฏููุงูุนูููู ุงุฏุนููุงุคู ุฃูููู ู ูููู ุงุณูููุชููุฏุง ูู ููููู ุฅูู ูุชุงุจููุฉ ุฑุณููุงุฆู ุญููุจ ู ูุฌูููุฉ ุฅูู ุงู ูููููุฉ ุงูุฑูุทุงููููุฉ.
ูุธูููุฑุช ุบุฑุงุจููุฉ ุงุฃูุทูููุงุฑ ุฃูุถููุง ูููุฏู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุงูุณููุงุจู ูู ุบูููููุง ุงุงูุณููุชูุงุฆูุฉุ ูุฑุงูุณูุณูููู ู ุงุณูููุงุณ ูุบูููุงุ ุงูููุฐู ุฏูุนุชููู ุนูููุฏุฉ ุงูููููุต ูุฏูููู ุฅูู ู ุญููู ููู ููุฉ "ู ุซูููู" ู ููู ูุงู ูููุณ ุจููุงูุฏู ูุฅุบููุงูู ูุงูููุฏู ูุงู ุงูููุฐู ููุบูููุง ุงูุฎุงุตููุฉ. ุงู ูููุฏุงุฑุณ ู ุดููุนูุฐุงุ ุฃุตูููุจ ุจุฎูุจููุฉ ุฃู ููู ุนูุฏู ููุง ูุฌููุฏ ุฃู "ููููุงู ุงูุณููุญุฑูุฉ" ู ู ุชุณููุนูู ูุชุฒููููุฏ ู ุญุทููุฉ ููุทุงูุฉ ููุง ู ููู ุงุณููุชุฎุฏุงู ููุง ู ูุนู ูููุฏ ุจุนุฏู ููุฉ ุจุงููู ุงูููุฑุจุงุฆู
ููุญูู . ูููุงุฏ ุงูุชุด ู ููููุฏ ุฎูููู ูุฏููุชุงุชูุฑูููู ูููุฑ ุฃููููู ู ููููููู
ู ููุจููุฉ ุงููุชุงุจููุฉ. ููููุฏ ุฃุบูููู ุณููุงุจุงู ูุฑุงุช ููููุงุฒููุ ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ู ูููุฏู ุงูุญูููุงุฉ ูู ุชุฑูู ูุณููุชุงูุ ุงู ููุชุจููุงุช ูู ุนุงุตู ููุฉ ุจููุงูุฏู ููุชุญูุงู ููู ูุณ ููู ุงููุฐู ููู ุงููุญูุฏู ููุฑุง ุฃู ุงููุชุงุจ ู ุนุช )Ruhnama( "ุงููููุฑุงุกุฉ ูููุง ุงููุฑุขู ู"ูุชููุงุจ ุงูููุฑูุญุงูููุฐู ูุถุนููู ุจููุณููู ููููุฑุถ ุนููู ุฌู ูููุน ุงูุณูููุงู ูุฑุงุกุชููู. ูุบููุฑ ุฃุณููุงุก ุงุฃูุดูููุฑ ุชูุฑู ูููุง ุฃููููุฑุงุฏ ุฃุฑุณุชูููุ ูุฃุทูููู ุนููู ุดูููุฑ ุณููุจุชู ุฑ ุงุณููู Ruhnama. ูู ููู ููุฑุงุ ูููุ ูุงุฃููุจ ููุต ุงูุจุงูู ููุฑ ุฑู ููุฉ ุญุธ ููู ุงูุบุฑูุจ ุชุฑูุงุชูุงูุณููุฑู ู ุนุชููุฑุง ุฃููููุง ู ูุงูุถููุฉ ููุชูุงููููุฏ ุงูุฑุชูุงููููุฉ. ููุนุฑ ุงูุทููููู ุฃู ุฅุทููุงูู ุงููุญููู ูููุฏู ูู ูููุน ุงูุดู ููุงุช ุงูุฑุงู ููุฌ ุงูุชููุฒููููููุฉ ุงูุฑุฌููุงูุ ูููุง ู ูุนููุช ู ูุฏ
ู ููู ูุถููุน ู ุณููุงุญูู ุงูุชููุฑุฌ."ุงููุชููุงุจ ุงุฃูุฎููุฑ" ุงูููุฐู ุถู ูููู ุงูุนููููุฏ ุงูููุจููู ู ุนู ููุฑ ุงููููุฐุงูู ู ุจุงุฏุฆููู ุงูุณูุงุณูููุฉ ูุถููุงู ุนููู ุขุฑุงุฆููู ุฅูุณููุงู ูุงูุฑุฌููู ุฅูุณููุงู )"ุงู ูููุฑุฃุฉ ุงู ูููุฑุฃุฉ ุญูููู ุฅูู ูุตูููุงู ุดููู"(ุ ูุงู ุฎููุงูู ุฐูููู ูู ููููุณ ุงูููููุงุฏู ุงูุฑูุงุถูููุฉ )"ุฃุฏูุงุช ุงุญุชูุงุฑูููุฉ ุงุฌุชุงุนูููุฉ"( ูุญุฑูููุฉ ู ุถููุงุฏ ูููุฑุณู )"ุนู ููู ุงูุญุถุงูููุฉ ูุฏูุฑ ููุฑุง ุฃู ููุฑ ู ุนุช ููุฉ ุงูุชุนุจ ุงููู ููู ุงูุณููููู "(ุ ุฃุดููุงุฏ ุจุญุฑูููู ููู ููุณ ููุฑ ุน ููุฑ ูู ุงูุชุนุจ ููู ุญ ููุฎุต ุงูุทุจูุน "ุงูุดุญุชููู ููููู ุชููุฑู ุจุฌููููู ููุนููุฑ ุนููู ุฃูู ู ุฌููููู".
ููููู ููู ุจุชุณ ููุงู ูุฌููู ููุฐุงูู ุงูุนู ููู ุงูู ููุฏ ุฃุทู ูููุณููุงุก ุนููุฐุฑุงูุงุช ู ุณููุคูููุฉ ุญุฑุงุณููุชู ุงูุดููุฎุตูุฉุ ุฃุฑุงูุถ ูู ู ุจูููููุงุช ู ุฌูููุฒุฉ ุฎูููู ููุตููุจ ุงูุฎููุงุฑุฌ. ุฅูู ุณูููุฑู ุฎููุงูู ุงูููุจูููุฉ ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุช ูุทุงูููุจ ุงุฃูุฎ ุงููุงุฆููุฏ ูู ุฑุดููุฏ ุงูุซูููุฑุฉ ุจุตููุฏูุฑ ูููุฑุงุฑ ุนููู ุงุฃูู ููู ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ููููู ุจุญููู ุณููููุฑุณุงุ ููููุฏู ุงูุฏุนููู ูููุฑุงุตูููุฉ ุงูุตูู ุงููููู ูู ุงูุฌู ุนูููุฉ ุงูุนุงู ููุฉ ููุจู ููุฑู ุงุฃูุณ ููุณ ุงู ู ููุจ ุงูุฑุฆู ููุฏุฉ. ูุช ููู ุงู ูุชุญ ูุฃูู ุฃููููุฑ ุงูุณููุงุฏุงุช ูู ู ุฐูุฑุงุชููู ุฃู ุงูุฒุนูููู ุงูููุจููู
ู ุฎุชููู ุนูููููุง ููุญุชููุงุฌ ุฅูู ุนููุงูุฌ.
ููู ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูููุฑ ุงูุนุฑุงูููู ุตููุฏุงู ุญุณููู ุฃุฑุจููุน ุฃูููุฉ ุจุงุณููู "ุฑูุงูููุฉ ููุงุชุจูููุง". ุฑูุงูููุงุช ููุตุงุฆููุฏ ู ููุนูู "ุฒุจูุจููุฉ ูุงู ููููู" ุงูุชููู ุชููุฑูู ุญูุงูููุฉ ุดููุงุจุฉ ููุฉ ู ููู ุนุงู ููุฉ ุงูุดููุนุจ ู ุชุฒูุฌููุฉ ู ููู ุญุงูููู ุฌู ููููุฑ ููู ุงุฃูู ููุจ ุงูุฑูู ู ููุฏุงู ุงูุฌุงู ููุฑุถ ุต ููุงุณุ ูุน ูููููููุฉ ูู ุดููุฎุตูุชู. ุฃู ููุง ุฑูุงูุชููู "ุงูููุนููุฉ ุงูุญุตููููุฉ" ูุชุชุญููุฏุซ ุนููู ุณููุฑุฉ ุจุทููู ุญููุฑุจ ู ุตููุงุจ ู ุฑุชุจููุท ุจุนุงููููุฉ ุนุงุทููููุฉ ู ููุน ูุชููุงุฉ ูุฑุฏูููุฉ. ููููุฏู ุนูุฏุชููู ุฅูู ู ูุฒููููุ ุชุฑูููุถ ูุงูุฏุชููู ุชูุณูููู ุงุฃูู ููุงูู ูุงุฆูุฉ ูู ูุงูู ูุฑู ููุฒ ุฅูู ุงุฃูู ููุฉ ุงูุนุฑุงููููุฉ "ููููุท ู ููู ูุฑููููููุง ููุง". ููุง ูุณููุชุญููู ู ูููุชู ููู ููุฏุงูุนูููู ุนูู ุจุฏู ุงุฆู
ู ููุง ูุฌููููู ูููุฑ ูููู ุฃู ุตููุฏุงู ูุงู ูุณููุฎุฑ ู ููู ููุฉ ุนููู ุฑุฌููู ุฃุฎููุฐ ุฌูููุงุฒ ููุฑูู ุฏุนุงุจ ููุณููู. ูุงู ูุงูุชููุฒููููู ุงูููุฐู ู ูููููู ูุชุตููุญููู. ููููุฏู ุนูุฏุชููู ุงูุณููุฑุชุฌุงุนูุ ุบุถููุจ ูุฑุคูููุฉ ุตูููุฑุฉ ูุตููุฏุงู ู ูุตูููุฉ ุนููู ุงูุดุงุดููุฉ. ูุนูุฏู ููุง ุงุดููุชููุ ุฃุฌุงุจููู ุงูุฑุฌููู ุงูููุฐู ุชููููู ุชุตููุญููู "ู ููุง ุงู ูุดููููุฉุ ุงููููุดุก ุงููุญูุฏ ููุฏุงู ". ููู ุต ููู ูุฌ ูููู ู ููู ุงูุชููุฒู ููุฑุงู ุน ููุฐู ู ุงููููููุงู ุฅู ุตููุฏุงู ูุงู ู ูููุณููุง ุจุบุณููู ูุฏูููู ููุงู
ููุฉ. ููุฉ ุงููุธุงู ูุชุญููุฏุซ ุจุงุณููุชู ุฑุงุฑ ุนููู ุฃูู ูููุง ู ููู ุงูุทุบููุงุฉ. ูู ููุง ุฃูุถููุง ุญุตุชู ููุงูููุช ุฃููุฑูุจูููุฐุง ุงุฅูุทููุงุฑุ ูุชุจููุงุฏุฑ ุฅูู ุฐูููููุง ุนููู ุงูููููุฑ ุฃุฏููููู ููุชูููุฑ. ู ููุง ูุฌููููู ูููุฑ ูููู ุฃู ูููุฐุง ุงูุฑุฌููู ุงู ูุณููุคูู ุนููู ู ูุชููู ุงู ูุงูููููุ ูู ููููู ุณููุชุฉ ู ุงููููู ุชุฏุนููู ูููุฏูููุฉ ุจูุชููุงุฉ ู ูููุณููุง ูุงู ูููููุฏูุ ุณููุชููุงูู ุงุณููุญู ูู ุดููุจุงุจูุ ูููููุฑ ูู ุงุงููุชุญููุงุฑ ุฃูููููุง ู ู ุชุจุงุฏูููู ุงูุญููุจ. ูุงู ููุชูููุฑ ู ุนุชููุฏุง ุจููุณููู ุฅูู ุฃููููุต ุงูุญููุฏูุฏ ูู ุณูููููุง ุจูุงุฌููุณ ุงููุธุงูููุฉ. ู ู ูููู ุงูุทูููุณ ููุง ูู ููู ุนูุฏู ููุฒุน ุณููุฑุชุชู ุญุช ููู ูู ููููู ุฏูู ููู ู ููุฏ ุจุฑุคูุช ููู ุญ ุฃูุญ ููู ูุณ ููุงุฑุงุ ูู ู ูู ุญูููุฑ ุงููููุงูุด ุงุฅููุทููุงูู ููุฏ ูุชููุจ ุงูุฏููุชุงุช ู ุงูุจููุณ. ููุจูููุชููู ู ูุณููููููู ูู ู ุฐูุฑุงุชููู ุนููู ูุธููุฑู ุงุฃูู ูููุงูู ุจุฃูููู "ุญุณููุงุณ ุฌููุฏุง ุฅูู ุฏุฑุฌููุฉ ุฃู ุงูุฏู ูููุน ุชููู ููุฑ ููุฑ ูู ููุฑ ูุชู ููู ุฃู ููุชุญ ูููุ ูุจ ููู". ุจุงููุน ููู ุนููู ู ุบุฑูุชููู ุงู ูุญุตูููุฉ ุชุญููุช ุงุฃูุฑุถ ูู ุจุฑููููุ ุนูููุฏ ูุฑุงูููู ุนููู ุนุดููููุชู ุฅููููุง ุจููุฑุงูู. ููููู ูููู
ููุงูุ ููุฑ ูุน ุงูุชุญูุคูููุฏ ุงููุงุชุจููุงู ุงูุฑูุทุงููููุงู ุฌููุฑุงุฑุฏ ููููุงู ููุฒ ูุณููุงู ููู ุฏุงูุณููุชุงู ูู ูุชุงุจูููุง "ุงูุฐุฆููุจ ุงูุฑู ููุงุฏู: ูููุฑูุจ ุฃุฏููููู ูุชูููุฑ"ุ ุฃูููู ูููุฑ ู ููู ุงูุบุฑูููุฉ ููุฑุฉ ููุชูููุง ุทุงุฆ ููููููุง ูุงุณ ููุฑุงูู ูุด ููุน ุจ ููุฉ ู ุงู ูุญุตูุฅูู ุฅุณููุจุงููุง ูู ููููุง ุฅูู ุงุฃูุฑุฌูุชููู. ูููููุงู ุนููุงุด ููุง ููู 73 ุนุงู ููุงู 1962ุ ุจุณ ููู ุน ููู ููุงุช ููุงูู ุญุช ุจุณููุฏุฑูุ ููู ู ููุฉุ ู ููุฉ ูุฒูู ููุฏู ุฑูุงู ููู. ุชุจ ููุงุฑูุง ุงุจูุช ุชูุญูููุงุฉ ูููุฐุง ุงูุตูููู ู ููู ุงูุจููุฑุด ุงูุฐูููู ูุณููู ููู
ููุงู. ููู ุงูุฎู ููุฑุจ ู ููุง ุฃุบ ููู ุฏุงู ุฆ ููู ู ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูุฑู
ยฉ S
hutt
erst
ock
ุงูุนููุฏ ู ุนู ุฑ ุงููุฐุงููุนูุฏู ุฃู ูู ุฏุงุฏุงููู ุฌููุบ ุฅููู ูุจูุชู ุณูุณู ุณููู
115 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 10
ูู ูุฑุชุงูู ุงูุทุบูุงู ุญูุงู ู ุน ุบุฑุงุจุฉ ูู ุงุฃูุทูุงุฑุ ู ู ุงููุงุฏุฑ ุฃู ูุฌุฏ ุจูููุง ุฃุดุฎุงุตุง ุงู ูุนุงููู ู ู ููุงุท ุถุนู ุฃู ุณุงู ุช ุบุฑูุจุฉ ูู ุดุฎุตูุชูู ุ ููู ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูุฑููู ุฅู ุง ูุนุงููู ู ู ูุฐู ุงูููุงูุต ุฃูุฑุซ ู ู
ุณูุงูู ูุฅู ุง ุงู ูุนุชุจูู ุฃู ููุงู ู ุง ูุฌุจูู ุนูู ุฅุฎูุงุก ุบุฑุงุจุฉ ุฃุทูุงุฑูู . ุชุญููู ูููุฏุง ุณ. ูุฑูุฏ.
ุณูุงุณุฉ
ููุงุท ๏ฟฝุณุนู ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูุฑููู
ุงูุทุบุงุฉ
ููุฉุ ููุฉ ุงูุฎูุงูู ููุฎุตูุฉ ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูุฑู ููุช ุงูุด ูุงูุงุฃูู ููุฑุงู ุนููุงูุก ุงูุฏููููุ ุงูุชููู ุณูููุท ุนูููููุง ุณุงุดููุง ุจููุงุฑูู ุจุงุฑูุฏูููุง "ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูููุฑ"ุ ูููู ููู ูู ุงูุถูููุก ูููููู ููุงุช ูููุฃ ุงูุณ ููู ุฃุณ ููุง ู ููุฑ ุจุนุถ ููุง ุชุฎุช ููุฉ. ูููู ูุฒููุงุฃููุงููููุฉ ู ุซููู ุงูุณูููุทูููุ ุงููููุงุฏุฉ ุดููุฎุตูุฉ ูู ูุงูุฑุฌุณูููุฉ ูุงูุณููุงุฏูุฉ ูุญููุจ ุงูููุฐุงุช ูุฌููููู ุงูุนุธู ููุฉ ููุฉ ูููู ู ุจุนุงูู ููุงุก ุงูููุณ ููู ุญ ูุฃูุทุจ ููู ุณ ููุง. ูู ูุงูุจุงุฑุงูููุจุฃููููู ุจุนุถูููู ูุดููุฎุต ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูุฑูููู ูููุคุงูุก
ููู. ููุฑุถ ุนู ูููู ู ุจ ู ุตุงุจูููููุฏุฌ ู. ูุฑูุฏุฑูููู ูุงุฏูููุง ุฏุฑุงุณููุงุช ุชุดููุฑ ูุฏุงููููุงู ู. ุณูููุบุงู ู ููู ุฌุงู ุนููุฉ ููููููุฑุงุฏู ุจุงุงูุณููุชูุงุฏ ููุงูุ ุฅูู ููููุฏ ุนู ููุงุช ุด ููุฉ ูุฑูุงู ููุงุช ู ุชุฎุตุต ุฅูู ุชูููุฃู ุฃุฏููููู ููุชูููุฑ ูุงูุฒุนูููู ุงูููููุฑู ุงูุดููุงูู ุงูุฑุงุญููู ููู ููุงู ุงุฃููุงุน ููุงูุงูู ุจุงูุชุธ ููุง ูุชู ูููุ ูุงู ููุบ ุฅู ููู ุฌูู ูููุงูุนูุงูููุจ ููุงูููุง ู ููุนููู ุฌููุฏุง ุจุฅููุฒุงุจูููุซ ุชุงูููููุฑุ ููุงู ุฃูุถููุง ู ููู ุงููุตููุงู ุงูุดููุฎุตูุฉ. ูุจูููู ููุง ูุนุงูู ููุงูููุฉ ููู ุฃู ุงูุณูููุทุฉ ุงู ูุทูู ุณููุคุงู ู ููู ุฏูู ุฌูููุงุจ. ูุนูููุฑุก ููู ุงู ู ููู ุฃู ุชุฌุน ููู ู ูู ููู ู ููุงุต ูู ููุฏ ุงุฃูุฎ ุชูุณููุงุ ููุง ู ููุง ููุน ููู ุทุจูุนู ููุง ูุงู ุนูู ููู ุจุนุฏู ููุฏ ุตูุงุจ ููู
ูุฌู ููุฑูููุฉ ุงูุณููุงุจู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุฃู ูู ุดููู ุงู ุงูุฏูู ููููููุงู ุฑุงูุงุฆูููู ุชุฑูุฎูููู ูุงู ุจุญุงุฌููุฉ ุฅูู ุนููุงูุฌ ุฃูุฏู ุงูููุฐู ุงุงูุณููุชุจุฏุงุฏู ุญูู ููู ูุฎููุงูู ููููู. ุจุญูููุงุฉ 50 ุฃูููู ุดููุฎุตุ ูููุฑุถ ุนุจููุงุฏุฉ ุดููุฎุตู. ูุบููุฑ ุงุณููู ุนุงุตู ููุฉ ุงูุจููุงูุฏ ู ููู ุณููุงูุชู ุฏูู ููุบููู ุฅูู ู ุฏููููุฉ ุชุฑูุฎูููู )Cuidad Trujillo(ุ ูุงูุชููุฑุดุช ู ุชุงุซูููู ุงููุงุฆุฏ )The Jefe( ูู ูู ู ูููุงูุ ููุถุนููุช ุงููุชููุงุช ููุฑุจุงุฆูููุฉ Dios( "ููู ููู ูุชุฑูุฎู ููุง "ุงูู ููุณ ุฏูู ุนููู ุฎููุงุฑุฌ ุงูููุงุฆy Trujillo(. ููููุฑุถ ูุงููููู ูุถููุน ุดููุนุงุฑ "ูุนูููุด ูููุงุฑุงุช ููุงุช ุงูุณ ููู ููุญ ููู" )Viva Trujillo( ุน ุชุฑูุฎููุงูููุฉ. ููููุฏ ุฌู ููุน ุชุฑูุฎูููู ุซููุฑูุฉ ููุงู ูุฑุชููุฏู ุฃุฒูููุงุก ููุฑ ููู ุฃู ููุฑุฉ ูู ูู ููุงุช ูุซ ููุง ู ูุฏุงูู ุจุงุฐุฎููุฉ ุนููููุช ุนููููููุ ุนููู ููุช ุฅุฑุซ ููู. ูุจูููุฏู ุชุซุจู ููู ุฑุจุทููุฉ ุนู ู ููู ุฃููุฌูููู ุงูุจุงูููุบ ู ููู ุงูุนู ููุฑ ุซููุงูุซ ุณููููุงุช ูู ุฑุชุจููุฉ ุฌููุฑุงูุ ูุดููู ุญู ูููุฉ ู ููู ุฃุฌููู ุญุตูููู ุฒูุฌุชููู ุงุฃูู ูููุฉ
ููุขุฏุงุจ. ููู ู ููุฒุฉ ููุจ ุนููู ุฌุงุฆุฃู ููุง ุฑุฆูููุณ ูุงูุชููู ู ูููุฏู ุงูุญูููุงุฉุ ูุฑุงูุณูููุง ููุง ุฌููุฏุง ูููุงู ู ุดูุด ูููุ ู ููุง ุฏูู" ุฏููุงููู "ุจุงุจููุช ููู ูููู ู ููุฏ ุฃู ุฎุตู ููู ุงุนุชู ุฅูู ุฏุฑุฌููุฉ ุฃูููุฉ ูุงุดูููุฉ ูุงูููููุงูุจ ููุฐู ูููุงู ู ุจุญุงูู ููู ุงู ุจุงุฑุจููุฉ ู ุทููุงุฑุฏุฉ ูุงุณููุนุฉ ููู ุญู ู ููุช ู ูููุ ูุฃูู ุนููุดูููุชูุง ุงูุฑุดุทููุฉ ูููุจููุถ ุนูููููุ ุชุญูููู ุฅูู ููุจ ุฃุณูููุฏ. ููููุฏ ุฃู ููุฑ ุจุงุจููุง ุฏูู ุนููู ุงูููููุฑ ุจูุชููู ุฌู ูููุน ุงููููุงูุจ ุงูุณูููุฏุงุก ูู ุงูุจููุงูุฏ. ุจุงูุทุจููุน ููุงู ููุฉ ุงู ูุท ููู ูู ููุงู ููู ุจุงุฑุจ ููุถ ุน ููู ุงููุจ ุฃููู ุฑุฃุณููู ุฅูู ุฏููุงูููููู ุงูุณููุชุฎุฏุงู ู ูุฃุนููุฏู ุ ููููุฏููุฉ ุงูุชููู ูุงู ูุญูููููุง. ุนููู ูู ุงูุทููููุณ ุงููุฏูููุบููุฑุงุฑ ุชุฑูุฎููููุ ุงุนุชููุฑ ููุณููู ู ุจูุฒูููุฉ ุฅููููุ ูุฃุฑุบููู
ููุฉ ููุฎุฉ ู ุญุฑู ููุง ูุณ ููุฑุฏุฏูุง ููู ู ููู ุฃู ู ูููุงู ุน ุงูุณุนููู ุฅุญููุฏู ุงูุตููููุงุช ุงู ูุณูููุญูุฉ "ุฃุจุงูููุง ุงูููุฏูู ุงูููุฐู
ููุงุฉ...". ููุฏู ุงูุญู ููู ู ู ููุฑ ุงููุทู ูู ุงููู ููููุฐุฌ ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูููุฑ ุงุฃููุฑููู ุฌุณููุฏู ู ูุจูุชู ุณูููู ุณูููููุ
ุฑุฆูููุณ ุฒุงุฆููุฑุ ุงูููุฐู ูุงู ู ูุงูุถููุง ุจุดููุฏุฉ ูุงูุณููุชุนุงุฑ ุนููู ุงูุฑุบููู ู ููู ุฃู ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุจูุฌููููุง ูููุง ุงููุชููุงู ูุตุจุชููุงู ูู ุงูุฑุฆุงุณููุฉ.
ุทูููุจ ู ููู ุงู ููุงุทูููู ุฐูู ุงุฃูุณููุงุก ุงูุบุฑุจูููุฉ ุงูุทุงุจููุน ุงูุชุฎููู ุนููููุง ููู ููู ุน ููุงุ ููุงู ูุญู ููุฏุงู ู ูู ููุฉ ุจ ููุงุก ุฃูุฑููู ููุชุฎุฏุงู ุฃุณ ูุงุณ
ุงููููููุฉ ุงูุฐูููู ูุฌููุฑุคูู ุนููู ู ูููุญ ุงูุนููุงุฏ ูุทูููู ูุญู ููู ุงุณููุง ุฃูุฑูุจูููุงุ ุจุงูุณููุฌู ุฎู ููุณ ุณููููุงุช. ูู ูููุน ุงูุฑุฌุงู ููุง ููุงุช ุนููู ููุงุฑ ูุจุน ููุฉ ูุงุนุช ููุณ ุบุฑุจู ููุฏุงุก ู ุงูุจ ููู ุงุฑุช ู
ุทุจุนููุฉ ุงููู ููุฑุ ููููุฐู ุงููุจุนููุงุช ูุงูููุช ุญูููุฑุง ุนููู ู ูุจูุชููู ุฏูู ุณูููุงู. ููููุฑุถ ุนููู ุงู ูุญุทููุงุช ุงูุชููุฒููููููุฉ ุงู ูุญููููุฉ ุฃู ููุฒู ููู ููููู ูู ููุฉ ู ุจุดูููุฏ ู ูุจูุช ุชุณููุชูู ุชูุงุฑูุฑูููุง ุงุฅูุฎุจุงุฑู
ู ููู ุงูุณููุงุก.ูุงู ุดููู ูู ุฃู ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูููุฑ ุงููู ุฌููู ุงุฃูุดูููุฑ ูู ุฃูุฑูููุง
ูุงู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุงุฃููุบูููุฏู ุนูููุฏู ุฃู ููู ุฏุงุฏุงุ ุงูููุฐู ูุงู ุทุงููููุง ูู ุงูุฌูููุด ุงูุฑูุทููุงูู ูุจุทููุงู ูู ุงู ูุงููู ููุฉ.
ููู ููุฑ ุน ููุช ุชูุงุฑู ููุฏุง"ุ ูุชุญุฏุซ ููุฒุงุฑ ุฃูุบู ููุจ ุจู"ุฌ ููููุงู ููู ุจุทููุฑุฏ ุงุขูุณูููููู ู ููู ุจููุงูุฏู ุจุนุฏู ููุง
ูููููุฉ ููุฉ ุขุณ ููู ุนุงุฆู ููุงุจุฉ ู ููุฑุฃุฉ ุด ููู ุงู ุฑูุถุช
ููุฏุฉ" ูุชูุงุตููู ุจูุงุณููุทุฉ ุงูุญููุงู ุงูุฒุงุฌูููุ "ุงููุงุนููุฉ ููุงุงูุช ุงููุงุชูู ููู ุงุงูุชุต ููุช ุน ููู ุงูุชูุต ููุฏุงู ู ุจููููุงุฏุฉ ุงูููุฏูู ุงู ูุชุญุงููููุฉ ู ููุน ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉุ ุนููู ุงูููู ููู ุงุฃูู ููู ููุงูููุฉ ุชุฑูููุฒ ุงู ู ูููุงุฐุง ุงู ูุนุฑููููู ููุฌูุงุฏูููู ุงููุงุชููููุฉ ุงุงูุชุตููุงุงูุช ุงูุฑูููุฏ ุจูุงุณููุทุฉ ูุชุจุงุฏููููููุง ุงูุชููู ูุงูุฑุณููุงุฆู ุงุฅูููููุฑุชูููุ ุงู ูุณููุนูู ุณูููู ุงุงูุณููุชูุชุงุฌ ุจููุฃู ุงูุชูุธูููุงุช ุนููู ุบููุฑุงุฑ "ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ุชุณููุชุนู ู ููุฉุ ููููู ุงูุณููุคุงู ูุจูููู ู ููุง ูููู ุฃูุบููุฑุงุถ ู ุนูู
ููุฑุงุถุ ููุฐู ุงุฃูุบ ู
ู ุง ูุนุฑูู ูู ุงูุขุชููู ุงูุธุงูููุฑุ ุชุจููุฏู ุฅูููุฑุงู ู"ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ุนููู ููุจุชู ุฑ ููุฉ 11 ุณ ููุฑ ูุฌู ููุถุ ุฅุงู ุฃู ุชูุฑู ููุฑูู ููู ุทููุน ุชุณููุนูููุงุช ุงููููุฑู ุงู ูููุงูุถ ููู ูู ู ุทู ูููุฑุฏ ุฃู ูุชูุธูููู ูู ูุจููุงุฑ ุจูููู ูู ุฏุฑ ุนู ููุงูุก "ุชูุฌููู ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ ุฅูู ุฅูููุฑุงู ููุญุตูููู ุนููู ุชุฏุฑูุจููุงุช ูู ููุช ููู 2011ุ ุงุชูู ููุฑุงุช". ููู ูููู ููุงู ุงู ูุชูุฌ ู ุฌุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุฅูููุฑุงู ุจุชุฃู ููู ู ููุงูุฐ ุขู ููู ุงูุชูุธูููู ุนููู ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ ูู ุณููุงุนุฏุฉ ูุนูููุงุฑุต
ููููู ุงุฃูุณูููุญุฉ ูุงู ููุงุชูู ููุงู. ูุงู ู
ุฐููููุ ุนููู ุนููุงููุฉ ู ูุซูููุฉ ุจุฑุงูููู ู ุซููุฉ ุชุซุจุช ุฃู ู ุนุธููู ููุงุฏูู ููุง ูููุง ุฃูุถ ููุฏุฉ" ูุงู "ุงููุงุนุฌุงุนููุฉ ูู ุฃุนุถููุงุก ุงู ูุณูููู ู". "ุงุฅูุฎูููุงู ููุฏ ููุงุฑุ ูุนุชู ููุฐุง ุงุฅูุท ูู ูุงู ูููุฑู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุฃู ู ุญู ููุฏ ุงู ูุนููุฒูู ู ููุฑูุณ ุณููู ุญ ูุชูุธูููู "ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ูู ุฌู ูุนููุงุช ุฃุฎููุฑู ุฅุฑูุงุจูููุฉ ุจุงูุญุตูููู ุนููู ู ูุทููุฆ ูููุฏู ูู ุณููููุงุกุ ูู ููุงุฑุณ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ูููุฏู ุถุบูุทููุง
ููุจ ุฃูุจุงู ููุง ูุฅููููุฑุงุฌ ุนููู ุนู ููุฑ ุนุจููุฏ ุงูุฑุญู ููู ุงู ูููุจู"ุงูุดูููุฎ ุงุฃูุนู ููู"ุ ุงูููุฐู ู ูู ุนููุจุฉ ุจุงูุณููุฌู ุงูุชุขู ููุฑ ุจุชูู ููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุคุจููุฏ ูู ูุงูุชุญุฑูููุถ ูู ุชูุฌููุฑุงุช ู ุฑูููุฒ ุงูุชุฌููุงุฑุฉ ุงูุนุงู ูููู
.1993 ุนููุงู
ูู ุซููุฉ ุชูุงุฑูููุฑ ุบููุฑ ู ุคูููุฏุฉ ุฃูุถููุง ุจููุฃู "ุงุฅูุฎูููุงู ููู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุฉ ูููู ูู ุงููุฌูููู ุน ุงู ูุณูููู ู" ุถุงูุนุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉ ูู ุจูุบููุงุฒูุ ูู ููุน ุฐูููู ุณููุนุช ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ููุฑ ููุฉ ู ุ ุฅูู ู ุนุงูุจ ููุฑ ููุฒ ู ุญ ููุฐุง ูุบ ููุงุ ูู ุฃูุจุงู ููู ุนููู ุนููุฏู ุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ุงุฅูุฎูููุงู ูู ุฎุฑูุทููุฉ ุงูุทุฑูููู ุฅูู ุฃู ููู ุฏูู ุฃู ุชุฃุจ ููุฏุฉุ ู ูููุฉ ุงูุฌุฏู ุงูุณูุงุณููุฉ ููุฉ ุบููุฑ ุฑุดุนู ููุฉ ุงู ูุคูุช ููุฑ ุงูุญููู ููู ูุนุช ุงูุชูุธู
ูููุฉ. ููุฉ ุงูุณูุงุณ ููุถ ุฃู ู ุดููุงุฑูุฉ ูู ุงูุนู ูู ููุฑููุชูุธูููุงุช "ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ูุฌูููุฏ ุฃู ูููุง ุฌูุงุฏูููุฉ ุฃุฎููุฑู ุชูุงุฌููู ููููุงุช ุงููุธููุงู ุงูุณูููุฑู ููู ูููุงุก ู ููู ุงูุณ ููุฑ" ุน ูููุฑู ุงูุญ ููุด ุงูุณ ู"ุงูุฌููุบููุฒ ู ุญููุฑ ุขุฎููุฑ. ููููู ูุฏุฎููููู ุณูููุฑูุงุ ูู ููู ุฃูููู ูุฃุชูููู ุจุงูุณููุงูุญุ ู ููู ู ููุญูููู ุงูุชุณููููุงูุชุ ููุงูุ ููุฏุ ููููุฏ ูุฌุญูููุง ูู ุชุนูููุฑ ุงู ูู ู ุซููุฉ ุฃู ููุฑ ู ุคููุงููุธููููุฉุ ุงูุดููุฌุงุนุฉ ุงู ูุนุงุฑุถููุฉ ููุซูููุง ููููุฏ ูุจููุงุช ู ููู ุงุฃูุตุนููุจ ุนููู ุงูุจูููุฏุงู ุงูุชููู ุชุฏุนููู ุณููููุท ุงุฃูุณููุฏ ุชุฒููููุฏ ุชูููู ุงู ูุนุงุฑุถููุฉ ุจุงุฃูุณูููุญุฉ ููู ููุง ู ููู ูููู ุจุฃู ููุณ ุงูุญุงุฌููุฉ ุฅููู ููุฉ ุงูุช ุงูุซูููุฃุฌููู ุฅููููุงุก ุงูุญููุฑุจ ุงุฃููููููุฉ ุฑุณูุนููุง. ููู ุงูููููุช ููุณูููุ ูุตููุจ ุชุฏุฎููู ูููุฐู ุงู ูุฌู ูุนููุงุช ูู ู ุตูุญููุฉ ุงุฃูุณููุฏุ ุฅุฐ ูุชูููุญ ู ููู ุฃู ุงุงูุฏุนููุงุก ูููู ูุญุงุฑุจูููู ุฌูุดููู ูููู ู ุฏุนูู ูููู ุฅุฑูุงุจููููู
ููุงุฑุฌ. ููู ุงูุฎ ู ููุงุช ููุช ุงููุงูู ููุฏ ูุงู ููุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุญููุงุคูููุง ูู ููู ููุงู ุงุฃูุทู ููู ุด ุญููุฑุตุชูููู . )ุงููุงุชููู( ููุฏุฑูุง ููุงุก ูู ูููุง ุงูุฏู ุฃุฑุงูุฃููููู ุฅุงู ุงู ููููุฏุฑุงุช ุงุฌุชุซููุงุซ ูู ุฃุฎูููููุง "ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ุฃู ู ูุนูููุง ู ู ุชุฌููููุฏ ุนูููุงุฑุต ุฌููุฏุฏ. ููู ุญููุงู ุงูููููุช ูู ูุทุจููู ููุฑูุจ ุงูุชุฒุงู ุงุช ููุงู ู ุงูุน ุงูุนุงุฃูู ููููุฉ ูู ูููุฐุง ุงู ูุฌููุงูุ ููุชุจูููู ู ูุงุฑุจููุฉ ุญุงุฒู ููุฉ ููุชุฎูููุต ู ููู ูููุฐุง ุงูุดูููุทุงู ุงูููุฐู ููุฏุฏูููุง ุฌู ูุนููุง ูุจููู ุฃู ูุญูููู ููุญ ููุง ููุตุจ ููู ู ูุทูุชู ููุฉ ุน ููู ุงูุฎุงูู ููุฑ ูุจุถุช ุฃู
ุชุญุทูู ูููุง. ุงู ูุณููุชุญูู ู ููู )ูุฑุดุช ูู ุงูุตุญุงูุฉ ุจุชุงุฑูุฎ 27 ุฃูุชูุจุฑ 2013(
9 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุงููุงูููุฐุฉ ุนููู ุฃุฑูููุน ุงู ูุณููุชููุงุช.ูู ุฃุนูููุงุจ ูุฌููุงุช 11 ุณููุจุชู ุฑุ ุชููููู ูููุฏู ููู "ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ูุญุตููู ููุฃู ุชูุธู ููุงุน ุจ ุงูุบููุฑุจ ุงูุชูููู ููููุฉ. ู ููุฉ ุณ ููู ู ุตููุงุฏุฑ ุนุฑุจู ููู ู ุนููู ุงูุชู ูููููุฉ ูููู ูู ุงูุณ ููุง ูุงู ุงู ูุณ ููุงุ ู ู ููู ุตุญูุญ ูุงู ุฐูููุงู ููู . ูููู ูู ู ููู ุงุฃููููุฏุงู ุงุฃูุณุงุณูููุฉ ููุชูุธููุงูููุฐูู ุบููุฑ ุฏูููููู ุญููู ููุงุช ุฃู ุงูุนุจูููู ูุญุฑููููู ุงูุชูุธูููู ูู ุงูุฎูููุงุกุ ููู ูููุฐู ุงูุญุงูููุฉุ ู ููุง ูููู ุงู ูููุขุฑุจ ุงูุชููู ูุณููุนูู ุฅูู ุชุญููููููุง ููุจ ููู ุฃู ูุชุนู ููู ุ ููู ููุฐุง ุงูุฏุน ููุงูู ู ููู ุฎ ู ู ุตููุฏุฑ ุงู ูููุงู ูููุชุดููู ู ููู ูููู ุฃุณูููุงุฏ ุงู ููููุช
ูููู. ุงูุญููููุฃูููุงุฑุง ู ุชูููู ุงููููุฑู ุงูููููู ูุงูููุช ุฅุฐุง ูููุฒุฑุน ุตูุงุนูููุฉ ุชุณููุชุทูุน ุฃู ุชุฑุตููุฏ ุดููุฎุตุง ููุญููุงุช ุฃุฑูููุงู ูููุฑุงุกุฉ ุชุชูููุญ ุฃู ูู ุญุฏููุชููู ุงูุณูููุงุฑุงุชุ ูุฅุฐุง ูุงูููุช ู ุชูููู ุงููููุฏุฑุฉ ูุงูููููุฉ ุงููุงุฑูููุฉ ู ูุญููู ุงูุชูุธูููุงุช ุงุฅูุฑูุงุจูููุฉ ุนููู ูุฌููู
ุชููุฑุชุฏุฏุ ููููุงุฐุง ุงุฃูุฑุถุ ูููู ููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุงูู ูููู ูุณููุชูุชุฌ ุฃู ุงููุงููุงูุนุธู ููู ููุณููุช ุนููู ู ุณููุชูู ูููุฐู ุงู ููู ููุฉุ ูุณููุชู ุฑ ุฅุฏูุงุฑุฏ ุณููููุฏูุ ุงู ููุธููู ุงูููุฐู ูุงู ู ุชุนุงูููุฏุง ู ููุน ููุงูููุฉ ุงุฃูู ููู ุงูููู ููู ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉุ ูู ุงููุดููู ุนููู ุชุฌุณููุณ ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ููุฑุชูููุ ููุฏ ุงุฅููู ููุฉ ูุงูุฑู ููุงุงูุช ุงููุงุชูู ููู ุงุงูุชุต ุนููู ููุฑุชุถ ุฃู ุชูุธู ููู ูู ุฑุฉุ ูู ููู ููู ุงู ูุด ููู ุชู ุญุช
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
โูุทุงู ุงููููุฐ ุงูุฐู ุชูุธูู ุจู ูุชู ุชุน
ูุญุฌู ุงููุงุนุฏุฉ
ูุจูุฑุงู ุฌุฏุงุ ุงุฃู๏ฟฝุณุทุชู
ุงูุช๏ฟฝุณุฏูู ูุชุนุฐุฑ ุจุญูุซ
ุงูุชู ููู ุงูุฐู ุจุงุฃู
ู ๏ฟฝุณุฏุฑู ุนููู ูุญ๏ฟฝุณู
ุงุฃูุฑุงุฏ ู ุชุนุงุทููู ููุท
ู ุนูโ
8 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุณูุงุณุฉ
ยฉ A
P Im
ages
ุนููู ุงู ูุฒุนูู ููุฉ ุงูุญููุฑุจ ุฃู ุชุจููู ุงุฅูุฑูููุงุจ ุงูุชููู ุฃุทููููุช ูุจููู 12 ุนุงู ููุง ุฑุฏุง ุนููู ููุง ููุฉ ู ุชุงู ููุฉ ุงููุงุนูู ููุจุชู ุฑุ ุนุฏู ู ููุงุช 11 ุณ ูุฌู ุซููู ุงูุญููุฑุจ ุนููู ุงู ูุฎููุฏุฑุงุช. ูุนููู ุงูุฑุบููู ู ููู ุฅููููุงู ู ููููุงุฑุงุช ุงูููุฏูุงูุฑุงุช ุนููู ุงุณููุชุฆุตุงู ุงููุจููุงุก ุงุฅูุฑูููุงูุจ ุงูููุฐู ูุณููุชูุฏู ุงุฃูุจุฑูููุงุก ููู ูููุงุ ููุงุช ููู ูุงูุฌุงุน ููุฏุฉ" ูุฃุฐุฑุน ููู "ุงููุงุน ููุฏ ุชูุธู ุตู ุงู ูุณุชูุณููุฎุฉ ุนููููุ ุงู ุจููู ุฃูููุฑ ู ููู ุฐููููุ ุชุฒุฏูููุฑ
ููุฉ. ููุงุกุงุช ู ุฎุชูู ููุช ุบุท ููุงุช ุชุญ ููุฐู ุงูุชูุธู ูุนููุงู 2001ุ ูุงู ุชูุธูููู "ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ุนุจููุงุฑุฉ ุนููู ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ุตุบููุฑุฉ ูุณููุจูุง ู ููู "ุงูุนููุฑุจ ุงุฃููุบููุงู" ุงู ูุณููุชุงุฆู ู ููู ุงูุณูุงุณููุฉ ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูููุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉุ ููุงู ูุชู ุฑูููุฒ ูู ุดูููู ุฃุณููุงูุณ ูู ููุง ูู ุงูุนููุฑุงู ููู ุฃุฐุฑุน ููุง ุงุขูู ููู ู ุฃูุบุงูุณููุชุงู. ุฃู ูุณูููุฑูุง ูุงููู ู ูุงูุณูููุฏุงู ูุงูุตูู ููุงู ูุงูุตุญุฑุงุก ุงูุบุฑุจูููุฉุ ูุงู ููุงุทููู ุงููุจููููุฉ ูู ุจุงูุณููุชุงูุ ูุดููุจู ุฌุฒูููุฑุฉ ุณููููุงุก ูู ู ููุฑุ ูุฃูุฏูููุณูููุง ูุงูููููุจููู. ููุฉ ููู ู ุฌู ูุน ููู ูููุฐู ุงุฃูุฐุฑุน ุชุญุฑู ูู ูุงุญููุฏ ู ููุฉ ุงูุทุงุจููุนุ ููููููุง ู ุชููุนููุฉ ู ููู ุงุฃููููุฏุงู ุงู ูุญููููุณูููุง ุงูุฌููุฑูููุฉ ุจุงูุนููููุฏุฉ ูููููุง ุชูุชููุฒู ููุงุฉ ููู ุญู ููุชุบูุงุก ุน ููู ุงุงูุณ ููู ู ูู ููุฑ ุฃู ููู ุชุนุช ุงูุชุฃู ุฑุฌููู ุฃู ุงู ููุฑุฃุฉ ุฃู ุทูููู ุงู ูุดููุงุทุฑ ุชูููู ุงูุชูุธูููุงุช ุงูุชูุงุนุงุชูููุง ุงู ูุชุทุฑูููุฉ. ููุนููู ุงูุญุงุฏุซููุฉ ููู ููู ุชูุธู ููุง ุฃุฑุณ ููุฑุง ุนูุฏู ูููุฏูุงูุง ู ุคุฎ ููู ุด ุงูุชููุฒ ุชุณูููู ูู ููู ุฅูู ู ุฑู ููุฉ ูู ุฌู "ุงูุดููุจุงุจ" ูุชู
ุจููู ุฎูู ุงุฃุญู ุฏ ุงุญูุจุชูุฑ
ููุฑุงู ููุงูู ุงูู ููุฎุตุง ุจุฅุท ููุซ ุฃุฑุฏูุง 68 ุด ููุง ุญู ููููููู. ููู ุฐู ููู ุน ููุฑ ุฏูู ููุงุฑุฏุ ุฎ ููุฏู ุจ ููู ุจ ุนููู
ููุงู ุฃุณููุงู ุฉ ุฑู ุจููุง ุชุจุงูููู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุฃูุจุงู ููุง ุจุงุบุชูููู ููู ู ู ูุญู ูููุ ููู ููู ุงูุฏู ุงูุถุนูููู ูุงู ูุชุฎู ุจุงูุนูุงุฆููุฏู ููููุฑู ุงุฌุชุซููุงุซ ูู ูุฐูููุฑ ูุฌุงุญููุง ุงูููุฐู ูุจููุฏู ุฃูููู ุณูููุนู ุฑ ุทููููุงูุ ูุงู ุชุคุซููุฑ ููููู ุงููุฌููุงุช ุจุงูุทุงุฆููุฑุงุช ุจููุฏูู ุทูููุงุฑุ ูุงู ูุงู ุงู ูุชุทูููุฑุฉุ ุงู ูุฑุงูุจููุฉ ุชูููููุงุช ูุงู ุงูููุงุจูููุ ููุง ุงูุชุนููุฑู ุนููู ุฑุตููุฏ ุงุงูุชุตููุงุงูุชุ ูุงู ุชูููููุฌูุงููุฌููููุ ูุงู ุชุจููุงุฏู ุงู ูุนููู ููุงุช ุงุงูุณููุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุชูุฉ
ููู. ููุชูู ุงูุนุงู ู ููู ุงู ูุณ ุนูุฑูุฏูููุง ุฎููุฑุงุก ุงุฅูุฑูููุงุจ ุฃู ูุตููุฏู ุฃู ู ุนุธููู ุนููุฏุงุฏ ูู ุฃุตุจุญูููุง ูููุฏ "ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ู ุคุณููู ุงุฃูู ูููุงุช ุฃู ูู ุงูุณููุฌูุ ู"ุงูุบููู ููุฉ" ุงุฃูุฎููุฑุฉ ูู ุฃุจููู ุฃูููุณ ุงูููุจููู ุงู ูุดููุชุจู ูู ุถููุนููู ูู ุชูุฌููุฑ ููุงู ููุง ุน ููุง ูุชูุฒุงูู ููู ูู ูููู ูููุงุฑุชู ุงุฃูู ุฑูููุช ุงูุณ1998ุ ููููุฏ ุฃููููุช ุงูููููุงุช ุงูุฎุงุตููุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉ ุงููุจููุถ ุนููููู ุฎููุงุฑุฌ ู ูุฒูููู ูู ุทุฑุงุจูููุณ ูู ููู ููุฑู ุฃู ู ููุฒุงู ุงู ู ููุงุฑู. ุงู ู ูููุฑ ุงูุฌ ููุน ุงูุด ู ุทูุงูุธูุงูููุฑูุ ุงูููุฐู ูุงู ุงูุณููุงุนุฏ ุงุฃูู ูููู ูููู ุงูุฏูุ ููุฉ ููุงู ุฉ ูู ุดูุด ููุงุช ุณ ููุฏุฑ ุจูุงู ููุง ูุต ููุฑุง ุทููู ุญูุญููุถ ูููููุง ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ูู ุงู ูุฑูููู ุนููู "ุฑุต ูููุฑู ููุงูุจ ุงูุนุณ ููุฒุงุฑ ุงุงููู ููู ุฌ ูููู ูู ูุฌ ุงูุตูุงู ูุชุฃู ููุฑู"ุ ูููุง ูุฏุนููู ุงูุฌูุงุฏูููู ูู ุณูููุฑูุง ุฅูู ูููู ููุช ุงูู ููุฏ ุงุนุชูู ููุฉ ุฅุณููุงูู ูุฉ. ูู ุฅูุดููุงุก ุฎุงูู
ููุทุณ ููุฏ ูู ุฃุบุณ ูููููู ู ุญู ููุฉ ุด ููุฉ ุงู ูุฑู ุงุฃูู ููุงู ูููุงูุถุ ููููู ุงูุธูุงูููุฑู ุงูููุฐู ููููุงู ุฅูููู ุงูุนูู ุงู ูุฏุจููุฑ ุฎูููู ูุฌููุงุช 11 ุณููุจุชู ุฑ ุงู ูููุฒุงู ูููุงุฑุง ูููุ ููุฉ. ูุฃูููู ูููู ูู ููู ูุญู ู ู ููู ูุฌููู ุงูุนุฏุงู
ุงู ุชููุฒุงู ุฃุณููุฆูุฉ ูุซููุฑุฉ ู ููู ุฏูู ุฃุฌูุจููุฉ ุญุชููู ููู ูููุง ูููุฐุง. ูู ููู ุฃูู ูุญุตููู ุชูุธูููู "ุงููุงุนุฏุฉ" ุนููู ุงูุชู ูููููุ ุฃูููู ุชูููุน ู ุนุณูููุฑุงุชู ุงูุชุฏุฑูุจูุฉุ ู ููู ูุตููุฏุฑ ุฃูุนุถุงุฆููู ูุซุงุฆููู ุชุชูููุญ ููููู ุงูุณูููุฑุ ูููููุฉ ููุงู ู ุจุณ ูููู ุงูุน ูููู ุญ ููู ู ูุงุชู ููู ูุชูู ูููู ููู ุฏูู ุฃู ููุถููุญ ุฃู ุฑูููู ุนููู ุงูุฑุบููู ู ููู ุงุฅูุฌููุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู ูุดููุฏุฏุฉ ุงูุชููู ุชุทุจููู ุนุงู ููููุง ูุถุจููุท ุงูุญููุฏูุฏุ ูุทููุงู ุงููููููุฐ ุงูููุฐู ูุชู ุชููุน ุจููู ุชูุธูู ุฌููุฏุงุ ูุจููุฑุงู ุฃูุดููุทุชู ูุญุฌููู "ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ููุฐู ููู ุงู ููุฃู ุงูุชู ูู ููู ุจ ููุฐุฑ ุงูุชุตุฏู ููุซ ูุชุน ุจุญููุญุตููู ุนููููู ู ุตููุฏุฑู ููููุท ุฃูููุฑุงุฏ ู ุชุนุงุทููููู ู ุนููู. ูููุง ุฃู ุฅู ูุงูุงุชููู ุงุงูุณููุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุชูุฉ ุงู ูุชุทูููุฑุฉ ููุฑ ููู ุจุงูุฏูุงุฆ ููุงูู ุชุฑุจุท ููุงุช ุชุน ููุฑ ุฅูู ุฃู ุนุงูู ุชุด
ุชูุธูู ู๏ฟฝุณุชู ุฏ ุงุฃูู ู ู
ุง๏ฟฝุณุชู ุฑุงุฑูุชูุ
โุงููุงุนุฏุฉโ
7 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ููุฏุฉ ููู ุงู ูุชุญ ููุน ุงุฃูู ููู ุฏู ููู ุฃุฌ ููุฑุจ ู ููู ุงูุบ ู ููุน ููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุงุงูุชุญููุงุฏ ุงุฃููุฑููุจ ุฅูู ุฑู ูุงููุงููููุฎููุฏุน ุฃู ูุนูููู ููููู ุนููููุง. ุงูุนููุจููุงุช ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงูููู ููู ูู ุงุฃูู ููู ู ุณุชุดููุงุฑู ููุงููู ููุฏ ุงู ู ูููุงูู ุฃุญ ูููููุฉ ุจ ููุฐู ุงูุณ ููู ุจู ุงุฃูู ุฑูููู ุฑูุญููุงูู ููููู ูุณููุนู ุงู ูุนุณููููู ุงููุณููุงู ู ุซููุง ููุงุฑุ ู ููุฑุงูู ุงู ููู ููุงุฏ ุงุฅูู ููุงุฐ ุงุงููุชุต ููุฏุง ุฅููู ุฌุงููููู ุนููู ุงู ูุญููู ุฃูููุฑ ุจูุซููุฑ ู ููู ู ุฌููุฑุฏ
ู ุณููุงูู ุฉ ุนููู ุณููุนุฑ ุณููุฌุงุฏุฉ ูุงุฑุณูููุฉ.ููุนูุงู ููู ูุณ ููุฃู ุงูุฌุงูุจ ููู ุจ ููู ุงูุชุตุฏู ุงู ู ููููุงุ ููุฉ ูุถุญุงู ููู ููู ูููุงู ุจ ููุงู ุญุฉ ูุงููุณ ุฅูู ุงู ูุณูููุงู ุจููุฏ ู ููู ุฃู ู ุจุงุญุซููุงุช ุชุฌููุฑู ุจูููููุง ุฎูููู ุงูููุงููููุณ ู ูููุฐ ุฃุดูููุฑ ุนููุฏุฉ. ููููุฏ ุฃุซูููุช ูุงุซุฑูู ุงุฃููุฑููุจ ูุงูุชุญููุงุฏ ุงุฃูุนููู ุงู ูู ุซููู ุฃุดููุชููุ ููู ููุฉุ ุน ููุฉ ุงุฃูู ูู ููุฉ ูุงูุณูุงุณ ููุคูู ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌู ููุดุงู ูุญุงุฏุซููุงุช ุจููู ุงู ููุงูุถููู ุงุฅููุฑุงููููู ูู ุฌู ูุนุฉ "5+1" ุงูุชููู ุชุถููู ุณููุช ููููู ุนุงู ููููุฉุ ูุงุตูููุฉ ุฅูุงูููุง ุจุฃููููุง "ุฌููุฑูููุฉ ูุชุชุทูููุน ุฅูู ุงุฃูู ููุงู ". ููู ูุงู ุฐูููู ุตุญูุญููุงุ ู ูููุฐ ู ุชููู ุชูููู ุญุชููู ูุฅูููุฑุงู ุจูุนูุฏูููุงุ ุฃู ู ุชูููู ุงู ูุดููููุฉ ู ูููุฐ ุงูููููู ููุฉุ ููุฉ ุงุฅููุฑุงูู ููุง ุงููููู ููุงุจ ู ููู ุงูููุงู ุงุฃููู ุงุงูุฑุชู
ููู ููู ุชุญูู ููุฉ ูุญ ููู ุฑุณูุน ููุฑุงู ุจุฎุท ููุฑ ุฅู ุชุณููุฏุฃุช ููุฏ ุจ ููุน ุงูุบููุฑุจ. ูู ููุง ู ููุฑุงุฌ ูู ุนุงููุชู ุงุงููููู ู ููู ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุฅูููุฑุงู ุงุณููุชุนุงุฏุฉ ููุฉ ููุน ุงู ูู ูู ููุฉ ู ูููุฉ ุงููุงู ู ููุงุช ุงูุฏุจููู ุงุณ ุงูุนุงููุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉุ ููุชููููุน ุฃู ูุญุตููู ุงููููุดุก ููุณููู ู ููุน ููุงุช ููู ุงู ูุญุงุฏุซ ููุฏุฉ ุฑุดุท ุฃู ุชุชูู ููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญ ุงููุงููุงูููููููุฉ ุจุงููุฌููุงุญ. ูููุงู ู ุณููุคูู ูุจููุฑ ูู ุงูุจูููุช ุงุฃูุจูููุถ "ุฅุฐุง ูุงููููุง ู ุณููุชุนุฏูู ููุชุนููุงููุ ููุญููู ููุฑุจ ููุฒ ุงูุบ ููุฑูุ ูุฑู ููุฑุฉ ุฃุฎ ููุชุนุฏูู". ู ููุง ู ุณ ุฃูุถุงูุฌููููุฑ. ูุชุฌุงูููู ููููุง ุงูุชูุงุตูููู ุนููู
ูุงูุฑูุงู ููุฌ ุงููููููู ุงุฅููููุฑุงูู ู ุฌููุฑุฏ ุฌุงูููุจ ูุงุญููุฏ ููู. ููุฏุฏุฉ ุงุฃููุฌ ููุฏุฉ ู ุชุน ููุฉ ูุงุญ ูู ุนู ู
ู ููู ุดููุฃู ุฅุนููุงุฏุฉ ุชุฃููููู ุฅูููุฑุงู ูู ู ุฌู ูุนููุฉ ุงุฃูู ููู ุฃู ูููุคุฏู ุฅูู ุชุนุฒูููุฒ ุฃุทุงุนูููุง ุงูุชูุณููุนูุฉ ูู ุงู ููุทูููุฉ ููููุง ูุชุณููุจุจ ุฐูููู ู ุจุฒูููุฏ ู ููู ููุง ููุง ุฒุฎ ููุญ ุฃูุถ ููุฌ. ูู ูู ููุฏูู ุงูุฎูู ููุฉ ู ุงููุดุงุดููุฐู ููุงุชููู ููุงููุ ุงู ููู"ุ ุนู ูููููุง ุงููุจู ูู"ุญููุฒุจ ุงููููุฑุงูู ูู ูููุฑู ุงุฅูู ููุฑุณ ุงูุซ ููุจ ุงูุญ ููุง ุฅูู ุฌุงู ุญุงููุณูููุฑูุงุ ูููุง ุฃูููู ูุฑุณููุฎ ู ูุงูููุฉ ุงูุญููู ููุฉ ุงูุชููู ูุณูููุทุฑ ุนูููููุง ุงูุดูููุนุฉ ูู ุงูุนููุฑุงู. ูุณูููู ููุฑุงูู ููู ุฅูู ุงูุชุบููุงูุถ ุนููู ุงูุฏุนููู ุงุฅูู ููุคุฏู ุฐู ูุงู ูููุงุฏู ููุญูุซูููู ูู ุงููู ูููุ ูุนููู ุงูุฑูุงุจููุท ููู ููุฑุงู ุจุชูุธู ููุท ุทู ููู ุชุฑุจ ููุง ุงูุช ููุฑ ุบู ูุถ ุงุฃูู"ุงููุงุนููุฏุฉ" ุงูููุฐู ุฃุชูููุญ ูุนู ุงูุฆููู - ุณูููู ุงูุนููุฏู ููู ููููุงู ุฃุจ ููู ูุณ ููุฏ ุงูู ููุฏ ุนุจ ููู ุฃุญู ููุฏ ุงูู ูุนุจ
ุบูููุซ ูุฃุจููู ุญูููุต ุงู ููุฑูุชููุงูู - ุนููู ู ููุงูุฐ ุขู ููู ููุฑุงู. ูู ุฅู
ูููุฏุฑู ุฑุฆูููุณ ุงููููุฒุฑุงุก ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูููู ุจููุงู ููู ููุง ูุฌููุฑูุ ูู ูููุงุฑุณ ุถุบูุทููุง ููุฉ ู ูุชููุงูููู ุญููููููุจ ููุง ุฅูู ูุฌ ููุฏุฉ ูุชูุจููู ููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญ ููุฏู ุงููุงูู ูุนููุฏู ุงุงููุฎููุฏุงุน ุจุงููุงูู ุงู ูุนุณูููู ูุงู ูุถูููู ุงูุฐู ูุตููุฏุฑ ุนููู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุฑูุญููุงููุ ููููู ูุงุดูููุทู ุงู ุชุฃุจููู ู ูุฎุงููููู ูุชุนุชุฑูููุง ู ุฌููุฑุฏ ุฑุตุงุฎ ูุณููุชุฑู ููุฑุงูู- ููุงุฑุจ ุงุฅูู ููุงุฏ ุงูุชู ููุฉ ูู ุฅูุณ ููู ุฑุบุจ ููู ุน ูู
ููุฉ ููุง ุตุงุบู ููุฑ ุขุฐุงู ููุงู ุงู ูุน ููู ุณ ููู. ูุงูุน ุงุฃูู ุฑูููุชููุงูููู ูู ูููุฐู ุงู ูุณููุฃูุฉุ ูู ูููู ูู ู ุณููุงุนูู ููุฏู ุฃููููุง ุณููุชุตุจุญ ููู ูุจ ููุฑุงู ุงูุช ููุชูููุฑุจ ู ููู ุฅูุงูุตุฏููููุฉ ุงู ููุถูููุฉ ุงูุฌุฏูููุฏุฉ ูููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ.
ุงูุณููุคุงู ุงู ูุทููุฑูุญ ูููู ู ูููุงุฐุงุููุงุก ูู ุงู ููุทูููุฉ ูููุง ุงุฃูููู ูุดููุนุฑ ุฃุตุฏูููุงุก ุฃู ุฑูููุฐู ุณููููุชู ููุงุน ุฅุฒุงุก ุงู ููุญููู ุงู ุจุงูุฐููููู ูุงุงูุฑุชูุงุฃูุญููุฏุงุซ ู ุคุฎููุฑุง. ูููุฏุฑู ุงููููุฑุงุก ุงูุฐูููู ูุชุงุจุนูููู ุชุตููู ุฃู ุชููุนููุช ุฃููููู ุจุงูุชุธููุงู ู ูููุงุงููุช ููุทุงู ูููุง ุงุขูู. ุนููููู ู ููุง ูุตูููุช ุฅูู ุงุฃูู ูููุฑ ุฅูู ุงูุฎููุฌููู ุงูุชุนููุงูู ู ุฌูููุณ ุฏูู ูุจูููุช ููู ุงูุญูุทููุฉ ูุงูุญููุฐุฑ ู ููู ุงู ููุญููู ูุฌูููุจ ุชูุฎุงูููุฐู ุชุชุฎููุฐู ุงุฃูุญููุฏุงุซุ ูุฐูููู ู ููู ุฎููุงูู ููุง ููู ูุฌูุชู ููุงุฆู ุงูุช ููุงุงููุช ูู ุงูุตุญูููุ ูุงูุฑุณ ู ูุฅูู ุงููููุงุฏุฉ ุงูุฎููุฌููููุ ูุงูุชูุงุฑูููุฑ ูุงุงูุฌุชุงุนููุงุช ููุนูุฏูุฉ ููุช ุงูุณ ููุง ุชูุจู ููู. ุงุขูู ุจุนุฏู ููุง ููุฌ ูุฌูุฅูู ุงูุฎุทููุฑุ ุชููููุญ ูุฃุฎููุฑุง ุจููุงุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู ููู ูู ุงุฃููููู. ููููุฏ ููู ุฒู ููู ุงุงูุชูููุงู ุนููู ุงุขูุฎุฑูููู. ุจุงุชุญุงุฏูููุง ููู ุชุนููุงููุ ูุณููุชุทูุน ุฃู ููุฉ ุงูู ูุงุณููุชูุงูููุงุ ูู ุจุนูู
ูููุฉ. ููุฒู ูู ููู ุจุน ูุฌุงุจ
)ูุฑุดุช ูู ุงูุตุญุงูุฉ ุจุชุงุฑูุฎ 24 ุฃูุชูุจุฑ 2013(
ยฉ S
hutt
erst
ock
โุฑุจู ุง ุฏูุนุช ุงูุชุทูุฑุงุช ุงูุฃุฎูุฑุฉ
ุจุงู๏ฟฝุณุนูุฏูุฉ ุงุฅูู
ุงูุช๏ฟฝุณุงูุคู โู ู ูุญุชุงุฌ
ุงุฅูู ุงุฃุนุฏุงุก ุจูุฌูุฏ
ุงุฃ๏ฟฝุณุฏูุงุก ู ู ูุฐุง
ุงููุจููุโ ูู ุง ุงุฃูู ุญุช
ุชูุงุฑูุฑ ุจุซุชูุง ู๏ฟฝุณุงุฆู
ุงุฅุนุงูู ูุจุฑู.โ
6 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุณูุงุณุฉ
ุจููู ุฎูู ุงุฃุญู ุฏ ุงุญูุจุชูุฑ
ุงูุชูุฏุฏ ุงูุฃู ุฑููู
ุงู๏ฟฝุฑุณู ุงูุฃู๏ฟฝุณุท ุงุฅูู ุงุฅูุฑุงู ูุซุฑู ูููุฑ ุญููุงุก ุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญุฏุฉ ูู
ุชูุชููุงุจ ู ุดููุงุนุฑ ู ููู ุงุฅูุณููุชูุงุก ุงูุดููุฏูุฏ ููุฏ ููุฉ ุจุน ูููุง ูู ุงู ููุทู ููุฑุจ ุฅูู ุฃู ุฑู ููุงุก ุงุฃูู ุงูุญููุณูุณูููุฉ ู ููู ุงูุตุฏู ููุงุช ุงูุชููู ุชููููููุง ู ููู ูุจููู ููู ููุถ ุฃู ูู ููุจุจ ุจุชููู ููู ุชุชุณ ููุง ูุงูุช ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุฃูุจุงู ููุช ููุง ุฏูุน ููุฉ. ูุฑู ุจ ููู ุงููุทูู ููู ูู ุตุงูุญู ุงูููู ุงูุชุทูููุฑุงุช ุงุฃูุฎููุฑุฉ ุจุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุชุณููุงุคู ููู ููุงุก ู ูููุฏ ุฃุตุฏู ููุฏุงุก ุจูุฌ ููุงุฌ ุฅูู ุฃุน ููู ูุญุช "ู ุจุซุชูููุง ุงููุจููููุ" ูููุง ุฃู ูุญููุช ุชูุงุฑูููุฑ ูููุฐุง
ููุฑู. ููุงูู ู ููุงุฆู ุฅุน ูุณููุนูุฏูุฉุ ููุชุฎุจุงุฑุงุช ุงูุณ ููุณ ุงุงูุณ ููู ุฑุฆู ููู ุน ููุงุฃูู ููุฑ ุจูููุฏุฑ ุจููู ุณูููุทุงูุ ูููููู ุฅู ุจููุงูุฏู ุชุฌููุฑู ููู ููุงุฏ ุน ููุฑ ุงุงูุจุชุน ููุง ุน ููุฑุง" ูู ู ูููู ูููุงู ูุจ "ุชุญุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุงูุชููู ูุงูููุช ุชุฑุจุทูููุง ุจูููุง ุฑุดุงูููุฉ ุฐุงุช ู ููุนููุฉ ู ุชุจุงุฏูููุฉ ุงุณููุชู ุฑุช ู ูููุฐ ุนุงู 1932 ุนูุฏู ููุง ุจููุฏุฃุช ุงูุนุงููููุงุช ุงูุฏุจููู ุงุณูููุฉ ุงูุชุฏุงุนูููุงุช ูู ููู ุงูุจูุฏูููู. ุจููู ุงููุงู ูููุฉ ูููุฑ ูู ููุฐุง ุงูุชุฏู ููู ู ููุจ ุน ููู ุฃู ุชุฑุชุช ููู ู ูู ุงูุชููุฉ ููุงุถ ูุญููู ู ุตููุงุฏุฑ ุจุฏูู ููู ุงูุฑู ุงูุนุงููููุงุช ุชูุฌููุงุฒุงุช ููุฏ ุงุงูู ุชู ููุญุตูููู ุนููู ุงุฃูุณูููุญุฉุ ุฃู ุชูููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉุ ููุง ุงููุงูู ููุน ุจู ููู ุชุชู ุช ููุฉ ุงูุช ุงูููุทูุฃู ููููุงู ุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ุจุจูููุน ุณูููุฏุงุช ุงูุฎุฒููููุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉ ุงูุชููู ุจุญูุฒุชูููุง ูุณููุญุจ ุงุณููุชุซุงุฑุงุชูุง
ููุฏุฉ. ููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญ ููุฑู ูู ุงููุงูู ุงุฃูุฎุฏูู ู ุนุธููู ู ููู ู ุฏุนูู ููุฉ ูุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉุ ุงูุฎููููุฌุ ุถุงูููุช ุฐุฑุนููุง ู ููู ุงูุฎุทูููุงุช ุงู ูุชููุจููุฉ ููุฉ ููุง ูู ุงูุณูุงุณ ููุณ ุฃูุจุงู ููุง ุงูุฑุฆู ูููู ุจู ููู ูู ุงูุชุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูููุฉ ูุงูุชููู ุชูููุงุฏ ุชูููู ุนููู ุงุฒุฏูุงุฌูููุฉ ููู ููุงุช ุงูุช ููุง ุฃูุถููุง ุงุงููุนุทุงู ููุฑุ ูู ู ุชุฑูู ูู ุงู ูุนุงูููุถ ููุง ุฃุฏู ุฅูู ุชููู ููุฉุ ู ููู ุงูุซุงูู ูููุฏุชูุง ูุงููุช ุดุงูุซูููุฉ ุจุฃู ุฑููููุง ูุงูุชุดููููู ูู ู ููุฏู ุงุณููุชุนุฏุงุฏูุง
ูููุฉ. ููุง ุงูุณ ููุฉ ูุญููุงุฆู ููุน ุงู ูู ูู ููุงูู ู ููุชุน
ุฌูููู ุงุฃูู ุฑูููู ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูููุฉ ูุฒูููุฑ ูููููู ูููุฑู ุฃู ูููููู ููููุงู ุฃู ุชุตููุฏุน ูู ุงูุนุงููููุงุช ุจููู ุงูุจูุฏูููู. ุงู ุดููู ูู ุฃูููู ูุนูููุด ุญุงูููุฉ ููู ู ููู ุฎููุงูู ู ููู ุงูููููุฑุงูุ ููููุง ููุนูููุณ ุฐูุงุฃูุณูููุงู ุงูุนุงู ููููุฉ. ููููุฏ ุณููุฌูุช ุฃุณููุนุงุฑ ุงูููููุท ุฃุนููู ู ุณููุชูู ููููุง ู ูููุฐ ุณููุชุฉ ุฃุดูููุฑ ุจุนููุฏ ุณููุงุนุงุช ู ููู ุงูุชุดููุงุฑ ุงุฃููุจููุงุก ุนููู ุงูุบุถููุจ ุงูุณููุนูุฏู ู ููู ุงูุณูุงุณููุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉ. ูุณูููุก ุญููุธ ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉุ ุงูููู ููุฉ ุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ู ููู ุงูุตููููุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉ ู ููุน ุฑูุณูููุง ุญูููู ููู ููุฉ ุงูุณูููุฑูุฉุ ูุงูุช ููู ุงุฃูุณูููุญุฉ ุงูููู ูุงุฆู ุชูููุชุนุชููุฑ ุงู ูู ููููุฉ ุฃููููุง ู ุชูููุญ ุฑุดุนูููุฉ ููุธููุงู ุงุฃูุณููุฏุ
ููู. ููุงูุถ ุนู ููู ุงูุชุบ ููุน ุงู ู ูู ููุฑ ูุงู ุฃู ูู ูุชููู ุงูุจูุตูููุฉ. ุฃูุจุงู ููุง ุฃุถููุงุน ููููุฏ ููุฉ ุงุฃูุณูููุญุฉ ุงุฃูุจุฑูููุงุก ู ุฃุณููุงุฉ ุณูููุงุก ุณูููุทูุง ุถุญูุฃู ุงูุชูููุฏูููุฉ ุงุฃูุณูููุญุฉ ูููุฑุงู ุฃู ุงูููู ูุงุฆูููุฉ ุงููุตููู ุงูุฌูููู. ู ููุงุฐุง ูููููุน ุฅุฐุง ุชุฎูููุช ุณูููุฑูุง ุนููู ุบููุงุฒ ุงูุณููุงุฑูู ุงูููุฐู ุฃูุฏู ุจุญูููุงุฉ ุงู ูุฆููุงุชุ ุชุณููุจุจุช ุงูุชููู ุงุฃูุณูููุญุฉ ุจูููุฐู ูุงุญุชูุธููุช ุญุชููู ุงุขูู ู ุจูุชููู ุฃูููุฑ ู ููู 120 ุฃูููู ุดููุฎุตุ ุฃูุฌููุฒุช ูููุฐู ุงูุตููููุฉ ู ููุน ุงูุดูููุทุงู ููุชู ูููู ุงูุญูููุงุธ ุนููู ู ููุงุก ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููู ู ููู ุงููุฌูููุ ู ููู ุฏูู ุงุงููููุฑุชุงุซ ู ูุงููููู ุงูุงูุฌุฆููู ุงูุฐูููู ููุงุฌููููู ุดููุชุงุก ูุงุฑุณููุง ูู ุงู ูุฎูููุงุช ุงูุชููู ูููู ูููู ูููููุงุ ุฃู ุฃูููุฆููู ุงูุฐูููู ูุฌุงุฒููู ููุฉ ููู ุฅูู ุงูุดูููุงุทุฆ ุงุฃููุฑูุจู ููู ูู ุทุฑููู ุจุญูุงุชูููุงู ููุง ูู ู ู ููุฑุง ูุงู ุช ูููุง ู ุต ููู ุฃู ููู ููุซ ู ูู ุญู
ููุท. ููุถ ุงู ูุชูุณ ููุฑ ุงุฃูุจู ุงูุจุญููุงุช ููู ุงููุงูู ููุฑุฒุช ุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ู ุฎููุฑุฒุง ูู ุน ุบุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุนููุฑ ุฑูุถูููุง ุดููุบู ู ูุนููุฏ ุบููุฑ ุฏุงุฆููู ูู ู ุฌูููุณ ุงุฃูู ููู ุงูููุฏููู ุจุณููุจุจ ู ููุง ูุธูููุฑู ู ููู
"ุงุฒุฏูุงุฌูููุฉ ูู ุงู ูุนุงูููุฑ" ูุนููุฏู ูุงุนููููุฉ ูู ุงูุนู ููู ู ููู ุฃุฌููู ุฅูุงู ููุฉ ุฏููููุฉ ููุณููุทูููุฉ ูุฅุฑุณููุงุก ููู ู ููููุฉ ุฅุฌููุงูู ุชุญูููุฉ ุณูููุฑูุง. ูู ุงูุณููุงูู ุฃูููููุง ุงุชุฎููุฐุช ู ูููููุง ุญุงุฒู ููุง ูู ู ูุงุฌูููุฉ ุนุฌููุฒ ุงู ูุฌุชู ููุน ุงูููุฏูููุ ูู ููู ุฃุฌููู ุงู ูุทุงูุจููุฉ ุนููู ุญููู ุจุชูุนูููู ู ุฌูููุณ ุงุฃูู ูููุ ููููุฏ ุงููุงูููุง ูู ู ููููููุง ูููุฐุง ูู ู ููู ุฌุงู ุนููุฉ ุงูููุฏูู ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉุ ูู ูุธู ููุฉ ุงู ูุคู ุชููุฑ ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ูุ ูู ุฌูููุณ ุงูุชุนููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌูููุ ููุนูุฏูุฉ ูููุทุงุช ุงูุณ ูููุช ุงูุณ ููุฏ ุฃุญุณ ููุง. ูู ูุชุฑููููุฉ ุฅูู ููุฉ ุงููุงุฏู ููุฐู ุงู ููุฒู ููุงุฑูุฉ ูู ู ููุฏู ุงู ูุด ุจุนููุฏูู ุงุฃูุนุถููุงุก ูู ุงูุญูููุงุธ ุดูููููุง ุนููู ุนููุฏุฏ ุงูู ุฌูููุณ ุงุฃูู ูููุ ูู ุญููู ุฃูููู ู ุจูููุฏูุฑ ูุงุญููุฏ ู ููู ููุณ ููู ุงู ูุฌู ููู ุฃู ูุด ููุฉ ุงูุฏุงู ุฆ ููุงุก ุงูุฎู ุณ ุงุฃูุนุถ
ููู. ุจูุงู ูุชููุฏู ูุงุดูููุทู ุงู ูุณููุงุฑ ุชูููู ุงุขูุฎููุฑ ูู ูุนููุด ููุง ููุฐ ุฅุญุฌุงู ู ููุฉ ู ู ููุงุช ุงุฃูู ุฑูููุฉ-ุงูุฎููุฌู ุงูุนุงููุงูุณููุนูุฏู- ุงูุนุณูููุฑู ุงูุชุฏุฎููู ุฏุนููู ุนููู
ุงูุฎููุฌููู ูู ุงูุจุญุฑูููู ููุจุญ ู ุชููุฑุฏ ุนููู ู ุฏุนูู ู ููู ุฅูููุฑุงู. ูุงุนุชููุฑุช ุงุฅูุฌููุฑุงุกุงุช ุงูุนูุงุจูููุฉ ุงูุชููู ุงูุฌูููุด ุจุญููู ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงุชุฎุฐุชูููุง ููุฑู ููุน ู ุซ ููุฉ ู ูููุถ ู ูุงุฌู ููุฐู ูุฎ ููุฑู ุงู ุงู ูุงูุดููุบุจ ุงู ููุชู ููู ุฅูู "ุงุฅูุฎูููุงู ุงู ูุณูููู ู" ูู ููุน ููุฉ ููุง ุตูุน ููููุงุกุ ุจุฃูู ููุฉ ูู ุณ ููุงุช ุงุฅูุฑูุงุจู ุงูุฌุงุนุฅุถุงููููุฉ ููุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ูุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุงููููููุช ุงูุชููู ุชุณููุชุซู ุฑ ู ุนูููููุง ูู ุงุฏูููุง ูู ุงุฃูู ููู ูุงุงูุณููุชูุฑุงุฑ ูู ุฐูููู ุงูุจูููุฏ ุงูุนููุฑูุจ ุงุฃููููุฑ
ูููุงู. ููุง ุจุงูุณ ุงูุชุธุงุธููู ุฃู ุงู ูุณููุงุฑ ุงุฃูุณูููุฃ ุนููู ููุง ุงู ุดููู ูู ูู ุฅูู ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉ ุงุฅูุฏุงุฑุฉ ุชูููุฏุฏ ูููู ุงุฅูุทููุงูู ุฅูููุฑุงู ุงูุชููู ููููุฑุชุถ ุจุฃููููุง "ุนุฏูุชูููุง ุงููููุฏูุฏุฉ"ุ ูุงูุชููู ูุจููุฏู ุฃู ููุงุฏุชูููุง ุชุณููุนู ุฅูู ุงูุชูููุฑุจ
ูุถูููู ุดูููุชูู ุฃู ุงู ููููู ุงูุจุญุฑููููู ุฃุญุจููุท ููุนูุฏูุฉ ููู ุงูุณ ููุจ ู ููุง ุทู ููุท ุนูุฏู ููุฐุง ุงู ูุฎุท ูุงู ูุณููุงุนุฏุฉ ูู ุฅุฎููุงุฏ ุงูุนุตูููุงู. ุฅุฐุง ูุงูููุช ูููุฐู ุงู ูุนุทูููุงุช ุตุญูุญููุฉุ ููููู ุจููุงู ุดููู ู ุดููููุฉ ูุงู ููู ูู ููู ุนู ู ููููู ูุณูููุงู ูููุฐุง ุงูุณููููู ุฃู ุงูุนูุฃู ุธููุฑู ู ููู ุงูุธููุฑููุ ุงู ุณูููุง ูุฃู ุงูุชุฏุฎููู ุทูููุฑุงูุ ูุจุถููุฉ ูู ุงูุนููุฑุงู ูุถููุน ุงุฃูู ุฑูููู ููู ููุฑุฉ ูู ุญ ูููุงุช ู ุชูุงุญ ููุง ุฅูู ู ูููุด ูููู ููุจู ูุณููุฏ ููู ุงูู ููุฑุงูุ ุทูู ููู ุจุดููุงุฑ ุงุฃูุณููุฏุ ุฑุฌููู ุฅู ุฃุจูููุงุฏุฉ ุงูุชููู ูุดููููุง ุนููู ุบููุฑ ูููุงุตููู ุญููุฑุจ ุงุฅูุจ
ูููุนุฉ. ุงูุดูุนููู ุฌุงููููุฉ ุงู ููููู ูุงูู ูุฃุฎููุฐ ุญู ููุฏ ุงูุฌููุฑุงู ุดูููุชูู ุนููู ููููุฑุฏ ุงูุฌููุฏ. ู ุญู ููู ุฒูููุฑ ุจููููู ู ูููุงู ุงููุงููููุงุช ุฃู ุณูููุชุงู ู ุงุฑุณููุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ููู ููู ุงูุนุงู ููุง ุน ุถุบูุทุงูุจุญุฑููููู ุฅููุงูููุฉ ุฑุฆูุณ ุงููููุฒุฑุงุกุ ุงูุดูููุฎ ุฎูููููุฉ ุจููู ุณูููุงู ุขู ุฎูููููุฉุ ุชูุจูููุฉ ู ูุตุจููู ู ููู ุงู ูุชู ุฑุฏูููู ู ูุทุงูููุจ ู ููููุญ ู ุจููุง ุงูุดูููุนุฉุ ุงูุชุตููุงุฑุง ู ูุซุฑู ุงูุดููุบุจ
ุฅููููุฑุงู. ูุจุงูุชููุงูู ุฃู ุงูุงููููุช ู ููู
ููุจุช ูููู ุงูุณ ููุฏู ู ููู ุฃุจ ูููุฒุฑุงุก ุงูุจุญุฑูู ููุณ ุงู ุฑุฆูุงุชุญููุงุฏ ุฎููุฌููู ูุชุดููููู ุงููุงุฆููุช ุญุงุณููุชู ููู ููุน ุงูุทุฑู ููู ูุท ููุฌ ุน ููุถ ุฏูู ุงูุฎูู ููุง ุญ ููุฃู ููุงู ุงูุชุฏุฎููู ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌููู. ููุจููู ุฃูููุงู ู ููู ูููุฐุง ุงูุชุฑูููุญุ ูุงู ุงู ููููู ุญู ููุฏ ูููุฏ ุฒุงุฑ ู ููุฑ ุฅูุฌููุฑุงุก ู ุญุงุฏุซููุงุช ู ููุน ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุงู ูุคูููุช ุนููุฏูู ู ูุตูููุฑ ูุงู ูุดููุงูุฑุงุช ุงูุชูุณูููู "ุชุนุฒูููุฒ ุฃุฌููู ู ููู ููุงูู ููุณ ุงูุชุน ููู ูุฏูู ู ุฌู ููุฑ ูุงูุจุญุฑู ููู ู ุจุงูุฎููุฌููู". ููููุฏ ุดููุฏุฏ ุงูุนุงูููู ุงูุจุญุฑููููู ุนููู ุฏุนู ููู ู ูููุฑ ูู ู ุฌููุงุงูุช ุนููุฏุฉุ ูุฌููุฑู ุงูุชูุตููู ุฅูู ุงุชูููุงู ุญูููู ุงุณููุฑุชุงุชูุฌูุฉ ุดููุงู ูุฉ ูุฃูู ููู ููุฑ ุชุดููููู ูุฌููุงู ุนุณูููุฑูุฉ ููู ุงูุนููุฑูุจ ุน ุงูููู
ูุฃู ููููุฉ.
ูู ุงุฃ๏ฟฝุณุจุญุช ุงู๏ฟฝุณูุฑุฉ
ูุง๏ฟฝุณุญุฉุููุชูููุง ุณููุงุจูุง ูุณูููู ุฃุฑุฏุฏูููุง ู ููุฑุงุฑุง ูุชูููุฑุงุฑุง. ููู ููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌ ููุณ ุงูุชุน ููุงุฏุฉ ุฏูู ู ุฌู ูููู ู ุนุฃู ูุชูุจููููุง ููุฎุทููุฑ ุงูููุฐู ูููููุญ ูู ุงุฃููููู. ููููุฏ ุจููุฏุฃ ุงูุนููุฏ ุงูุชูููุงุฒููุ ูุงูุฎุทููุฉ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููุฉ/ุงุฅููุฑุงููููุฉ ุนููู ูุดููู ุฃู ุชุณูููู ุทุฑูููููุง ูุญููู ุงูุชุทุจูููู. ุงู ุจููุฏ ู ููู ุงู ูุจููุงุฏุฑุฉ ุญููุงุงู ุฅูู ูุถููุน ุฎุทููุฉ ุฌุฏูููุฉ
ููุชุญููุฑู.
ููุณ ุงูุชุนููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌููู ููุน ุฏูู ู ุฌู ุฃูุงูุ ุชุชู ุชููุง ููุฑูุ ุงูุชุตุงุฏู ููุฉ ููุชุญ ูููุฉ ุงููุงูู ููุฉ ุจุงูู ู ุฌุชู ุนูุนุณูููุฑูุง ุนููู ุงูุณูููุงุกุ ููุฌููุจ ุฃุงู ุชุณููู ุญ ููููููู ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูููุฉ ุจููุฃู ุชุชุฎููุฐ ูุฑุงุฑุงุชูููุง ููุงุจููุฉ
ููุง. ุนููุซุงููููุงุ ุนููู ู ุฌูููุณ ุงูุชุนููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌููู ุชูููููุน ุฃุณูููุญุชู ุนุจููุฑ ุฑุดุงุฆูููุง ู ููู ุจูููุฏุงู ู ุฎุชููููุฉุ ุจููุฏุงู ู ููู ุงูุฎุถูููุน ุฃูููููุงุก ุฏููููุฉ ุชุฎููุฑุณ ุจุฑุณุนููุฉ ุซูุฉ ุงูุนููุงู ู ุจูููุงุ ูุนููููู ุฃูุถููุง ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุนุงููุงุชููู ุงูุฏูููููุฉ ูููุง ุชููุฏุงุฑ ุงู ูุดููุงุฑูุน ูู ู ุฌููุงู ุงุฃูุนููุงูุ ุฃู ุฅูู ูุจุงุงูุณููุชูุงุฏ ุจุซูููุฉ
ููุท. ููุฉ ูุงูุชุฎุทู ุงูุฑุคูุฏูู ุนููู ุซุงูุซููุงุ ุงูุฎููููุฌ ุฃู ุชุชู ุนููู ูู ููุฑุชุงุชูุฌูุฉ ููุฉ ุงุฅูุณ ุงูุณูุงุณุฏูู ุชุฌููุงู ุงุฅููุฑุงููููุฉ ุงูุฎููููุฌ ูุฐูููู ุจุงูููุฑุฏ ุงูุฏุนููู ุชูุฏูููู ุนููุฑ ููู ุนุงุฑุถููุฉ ุงู ูููุงุฏู ูููููุณ ุงุฅููุฑุงููููุฉุ ููุฑุจ ููู ุน ูููุฏ ุจุฐู ุงู ููุตูุญุณููุจ ุงุฃูุญูููุงุฒ ุฅู ูููุง ุฃูุถููุง ุงุฅููุฑุงูููููู ุฅูู ูุณููุนูู ุงูุฐูููู ุงููู ููุน ู ููู ุงูุชุญููุฑุฑ ูุฌููุจ ูุงุฅูุณููุชุจุฏุงุฏ. ุงูุญููู ููุฉ ุชุชููุฐูู ุฃู ุงุฅููุฑุงููููุฉ ุงูููุฏูุงุก ุงู ูููุฑ ููุณููู ุงูููุฐู ุชุฌุฑุนููู ูููุ ููู ุงูุฏุงุฎ ููุฑุงู ู ููุงู ุฅู ููุฏ ุฅุถุน ููุง. ุนู ูุฌุฑุงููููุง ูููู ุฃูุธุงุฑู ููุฉ ูุชุชุญ ููุคูููุง ุงูุฏุงุฎูู ููู ุจุด ุชููู ุนููู ุงูุชุณููุจุจ ุจููุงุฃูุฐู ูู ุงูุฎููุงุฑุฌุ ุนููู ุฃู ููู ุฃู
ุงูุฏุงุฎููู. ู ููู ุฅูููุงุฑูููุง ุฅูู ุฐูููู ูููููุฏ ุฑุงุจุนููุงุ ุนููู ู ุฌูููุณ ุงูุชุนููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌููู
5 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุฃู ููููู ุนููู ุงุงูู ุชุซููุงู ูุฅูู ููุงูุกุงุช ุงูุบุฑุจูููุฉ. ุนูููููุง ููููุท ุฃู ููุจููู "ุงููุตุงุฆููุญ" ุงูุชููู ูุนุชุฑูููุง ููุฉ. ุฅุฐุง ููุง ุงููุทูู ููุฏู ู ุตุงูุญู ููู ุชุฎ ููุฏุฉ ูุงูุช ู ููู ู ูุชุญููู ุจุงูุซูููุฉ ุจุงูููููุณ ูุงูููููุฉุ ูููู ุชุญุฑุชู ูููุง
ููุฏูู ุงุฃูุฎููุฑู. ุงูุฃุฎููุฑุงุ ุนููู ุญูููุงู ุฏูู ู ุฌูููุณ ุงูุชุนููุงูู ููู ุฑุฃู ูููู ูู ููุนูุจูู ููู ููุฌูุน ุด ููู ุชุด ุงูุฎููุฌุงูุชููู ุชุคุซููุฑ ูู ู ุณููุชูุจููู ุ ููู ุงููููุฑุงุฑุงุช ูู ููู ููุฎุงุต ูุทูู ูููู ูุฃุด ููู ู ุญุฑุชู ููุนุฑูุง ุจุฃูู ูุดุฃูููููุงุก ูููุทููู ุงูููุฐู ูุนุดูููููู. ุนูุฏู ููุง ุชุนู ููู ุงูุญููู ููุงุช ูุงู ููุงุทููููู ูููุฏุง ุจูููุฏุ ูููู ููุฌููุญ ุฃู
ููุง. ูููู ุจููู ููู ูู ุฏู ุฅุณ ููุท ุฃุฌูุจ ู ุฎุทุฌูููุฏุง ุงูุชุฏููููู ูุฌููุจ ุฐููููุ ุบุถูููู ูู ููุงุช ููู ู ุฎุทุท ููุฏุซ ุน ููู ุชุชุญ ููุงุช ุงูุช ูู ุงุงูุชูุงู ุงู ููุทูููุฉุ ูู ุงุงูุณููุชูุฑุงุฑ ูุฒุนุฒุนููุฉ ุฃู ุฑูููููุฉ ููู ูููู ุงู ูุซ ููุงุช. ูู ููุฐู ุงู ูุฎุทุท ููู ู ููู ู ูุงูุชูุจุงุงูุณูููุชููุฏู "ุงุฃูุตุฏูููุงุก ุงูุฒุงุฆููููู ุฃุณูููุฃ ู ููู
ุงุฃููููุฏุงุก". ุงุฃูุนููุฏุงุก
)ูุฑุดุช ูู ุงูุตุญุงูุฉ ุจุชุงุฑูุฎ 9 ุฃูุชูุจุฑ 2013(
ยฉ A
p im
ages
ยฉ A
p im
ages
ุงูุณููุฑุฉ ุณูุฒุงู ุฑุงูุณ
ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงุฅููุฑุงูู ุงูุฌุฏูุฏ ุญุณู ุฑูุญุงูู
ุฏูู โุชุชู ุชุน ุงูุชุนุงูู ู ุฌู๏ฟฝุณ
ู ุฌุชู ุนุฉ ุงูุฎููุฌู
ุงููุงููุฉ ุจุงูููุฉ
ุงูุช๏ฟฝุณุงุฏูุง ููุชุญุฑูุ
ุนูู ูุน๏ฟฝุณูุฑูุง
ููุฌุจ ุงู๏ฟฝุณูุงุกุ
ููููู ุช๏ฟฝุณู ุญ ุงุฃู
ุชุชุฎุฐ ุจุงุฃู ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูุฉ
ุนููุงโ ููุงุจุฉ ูุฑุงุฑุงุชูุง
ูู ุชุฎุทุท ุงููููุงุชุงู ูุชุญุฏุฉ ูู๏ฟฝุฑุณ
ุงููู๏ฟฝุณู ููุงู ููุทูุฉุ
ุณูุงุณุฉ
4 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ุฅููููู ูุนููุฏูู ู ุฎุทุทููุง ู ููุง ูู ุงูุจูุช ููุงู ููู ุจุงุชุฌ ูููุญ ู ู ููู ุชู ููุฉ ุงูุช ููุถุ ูุงูุฑุงุฆุญ ุงุฃูุจูุงูุณููุนูุฏูุฉ ูุฏูู ุงูุฎููููุฌ ูู ููุฑ ุงู ุชุจููุฑุด ุจุงูุฎุฑ ุนููู ุงุฅูุทููุงูู. ุฃู ุฑููููุง ูููู ู ููู ุฃูููุฑุจ ุงูุญููููุงุก ุงูุบุฑุจูููู ุฅูููููุงุ ุฃู ูููุฐุง ู ููุง ูุฎูููู ููููุง. ูููููู ู ุง ูููุดููู ู ููู ุงู ูุณููุชูุฑ ูุดููุฑ ุฅูู ุงูุนูููุณ ู ุชุงู ููุง. ุชูุชูููุฑ ุงูุณูุงุณููุฉ ุงูุชููู ุชูุชูุฌูููุง ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุฃูุจุงู ููุง ุญูููุงู ุงูููุฑุดู ุงุฃููุณููุท ูุงูุฎููููุฌ ุฅูู ุงูุดูููุงููุฉุ ููุง ูููุดุ ูุฑู ุจ ููุถ ูุงูุชุด ููุน ุจุงูุชูุงู ููุง ุชูุทุจ ููุง ุฃูู ูููุงูู ููู ุฎ ููุนู ู ูููู ุฃุณ ููุฏุง. ุณ ููู ู ุชุนู ูุงู ุฐู
ูููุฐุง ุงู ููููุงู ุฅูู ุชูุถูููุญ ุงูุตูููุฑุฉ ุฃูููุฑ.ูููุฏ ูุชุญูููู ุฃุญููุฏ ุฃูููุฑ ุงูููุงุฌููุณ ุงูุชููู ุชูููุถ ููุฐุฑุช ูู ููุฏ ุญ ูููุณ. ูู ููุน ู ูู ููู ุฅูู ูุงู ู ุถุฌุนููุงู ุชุญุงูููู ุบููุฑ ู ูููุฏุณ ู ูููุงุงูุช ุนููุฏุฉ ู ููู ููููุฉ ุงุฅูุณููุงูู ูุฉ ููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุงูุฌู ููุฑู ููู ุงููุงูู ุจุงุฅููุฑุงููููุฉ ุนููู ุญุณููุงุจ ุฏูู ุงูุฎููููุฌ. ููุชุจููุช ูู ู ูููุงู ุจุนููููุงู "ูููู ุงูุณูููุฉ ุถุญุงูููุง ูุนุจููุฉ ูููุฑู ููุง ุฐูููุฑุช ูู ููู 2012ุ ูู ููุฑุด ูู ุฃุจุฑู ููุฏุฉ" ู ุฌุฏู
ุญูููููุง:"ุชุนุชููุฑ ู ุฏุฑุณููุฉ ููุฑูููุฉ ุฐุงุช ู ุตุฏุงููููุฉ ุฃู ุฃุฌูููุฏุฉ ูุงุดูููุทู ูู ุงู ูููุฏู ุงูุทููููู ุชุชู ุญูููุฑ ุจุงู ูุนุณูููุฑ ูุงููุชุญููุงู ุฅูููุฑุงู ุฅุบูููุงุก ุญูููู ูููุนุฉ ููุฃู ุงูุด ููุฑุชุงุถ ุจ ููู ุงุงูู ููุง ู ููู ุงูุทุงูู ุงุฃูู ุฑููุธุฑูููุงุ ุฎุทุงูููุง... ุนููู ุณูุณููุฑูู ุงูุนููุฑุจ ุชุฑุบููุจ ูุงุดูููุทู ูู ุฑุคูููุฉ ููููุงู ููููู ุนููู ุบุฑุงุฑ ุฅูููุฑุงู ูููููู ุจุงุฃูุนุจููุงุก ุงูุชููู ุชููููู ุจูููุง ูู ุงู ููุทูุฉ ู ุชุงู ููุง ูููุง ูุงู ุงูุดููุงู ููุนููู ุญุชููู ุงูููููุงุฑ
ุฃููููุงู ุงูุนุธู ููุฉ ูุฏูููู. ููููู ุฃูุงูุ ูุชูุฌููุจ ุนูููุง ุงูุชุถุญูููุฉ ุจุงูููุฏูู ุฐุงุช ุงูุบุงูุจูููุฉ ุงูุณููููุฉ".
ูุจููู ุนููุงู ุ ุนูุฏู ููุง ูุงู ู ุญู ูููุฏ ุฃุญู ููุฏู ููุง ููุฉุ ุฑู ุจ ููู ุงูุงูุฐุน ููุซ ุงูุชูุงุฏุงุช ููุฒุงู ููู ููุงุฏ ุงู ู ูุฌูุฌููุฏ ุจุนููุถ ุงููููุฑุงุก ุตุนูุจููุฉ ูู ุชุตุฏูููู ุงูุชุญููููู ุฃุนููุงููุ ุนููู ุงูุฑุบููู ู ููู ุฃู ุงูุนุฏูููุฏ ู ููู ู ุฑุงูููุฒ ุงูุฏุฑุงุณููุงุช ูุงูุจุญูููุซ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููููุฉ ูุถููุงู ุนููู ูููุ ููู ุจุงุฑุฒู ููู ูุณูุงุณูููู ุฃู ุฑููู ููุงุจ ูู ุญูู ูุชุจูููููู ุฌูููู ูููุฑูุ ูุฑูุฌูููู ู ูููุฐ ููููุช ุทููู ููุชูููุงุฑุจ ุจููู ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุฅูููุฑุงู. ุงู ุจููุฏ ู ููู ุงุฅูุดููุงุฑุฉ ูู ูููุฐุง ุงุฅูุทููุงุฑ ุฅูู ุฃู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุฃูุจุงู ููุง ุชุนูููุฏ ู ููุฏ ุงููููุฏ ุฅูู ุงุฅููุฑุงููููู ุฎููุงูู ูุงููุชููู ุงุฃููููุ ูุงุฆููุงู ุจููุฃู ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุชุฑูููุฏ ูุถููุน ุญููุฏ ููุนุงููููุฉ ุงู ูุชูุชููุฑุฉ ุจููู ุงูุจูุฏูููู. ุฅุงู ุฃู ููุฉ ูุดูููุชุ ูุงูุณููุจุจ ุงุฃูุณููุงูุณ ูููู ููู ุงู ููุงุฑุจ ุชูุฃู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ุงุฃูู ุฑูููู ุงู ูุณููุชุทูุน ูุชููุญ ููููุงุฉ ููุฉ ููุฉ ุงููููุฏู ููุฑ ุงู ูุญุฑู ููุณ ููู ููุน ุฑุฆู ููู ู ููุชูุงุตู ููู ุฏูู ุฅุซููุงุฑุฉ ุบุถููุจ ุงููููููุจ ุงู ููููุงูู ุฅูุฑุณุงุฆูููู.
ุซููู ูุตููู ุญุณููู ุฑูุญููุงูู ุฅูู ุงูุฑุฆุงุณููุฉุ ููููุฏ ู ููุงุฑุณ ูููุฐุง ุงุฃูุฎููุฑ ุณููุญุฑู ูุฏุฎููู ุงูุชุงุฑูููุฎ ููุฉ ููุฉ ูุงุชูู ููุฑุงูู ูุฌููุฑู ู ูุงู ู ููู ุฅู ููู ุฃูู ุฒุนู ุจุฃูููุฐ ุนููุงู 1979. ุชููููู ููู ู ู ููุณ ุงุฃูู ุฑู ู ููุน ุงูุฑุฆูุฃูุจุงู ููุงุ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ูู ุงูููู ููู ุงุฃูู ููู ู ุณุชุดููุงุฑุฉ ููุง ููุฏ ูุชุจุนู ูููุฉ ู ููุฐู ุงูุฎุท ููุณุ ุฅู ู ูููุฒุงู ุฑุงู ุณุชุทุจูููุน ุงูุนุงููููุงุช ุจููู ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ูุฅูุฑุงู. ุงูุนุงูููู ุงูุณููุนูุฏู ุนุจุฏุงููููู ููููุณ ู ููุฑุณูุฑุง ู ุจููุง ููู ุจููุงู ููู ูููุฒุฑุงุก ุงุฅูุฑุณุงุฆู ููุณ ุงู ููุง ุฑุฆู ูุฌููุฑูุ ุฃู
ููุงูู ููุง ุฑูุญ ููุง ูุงุนุช ููุฏ ุบุถุจ ููู ููุฒุจ ููู ูุฑุบ ูุชููุงูููุน. ููู ูุฏู ูููุจ ุญู ููุจ ูู ุซ ููู ุฐุฆ ุจุฃู
ุงูุชูููุฏูููู ุญููุงุฆููู ูููููุฑ ุฃูุจุงู ููุง ูููุฑ ู ู ููุชุฌุฏ ููุงุฑุจ ุงู ูุณ ููุฐุง ุงูุชู ููุงูู ู ููู ุฎ ููุจ ู ูุญุณู ููุน ูุธููุฑู ุงู ููุชุญูููุ ุจููู ุฃุตููุงุจ ุงู ูุฑูููู ุจุงูุตุฏู ููุฉ ูุงูุฐููููู ุฃูุถููุง ุนููุฑ ุฏุนููู "ุงุฅูุฎูููุงู ููุจุจ ููุฉ ุจุณ ููุฉ ุงู ูุคูุช ููุฉ ุงูุญููู ูููู ู" ูุฅุฏุงู ุงู ูุณุฅุนุชูููุงู ููุงุฏูููู ุฌุงุนููุฉ ุงุฃูุฎูููุงู ุงู ูุณูููู ู. ูุณูููุฏ ุงุนุชูููุงุฏ ูู ุฃูุณููุงุท ุงู ูุฑูููู ุจููุฃู ุงูุฑุฆูููุณ ูู ุงุฅูุฎูููุงู ุญู ูููุฉ ุจุชู ููููู ูููุงู ุงุฃูู ุฑูููู ููู ููุงูุถ ุน ููุงู ุงู ู ููุช ุงูุน ููู ุฃุฌุฑู ููุงุช ุงูุช ุงุงููุชุฎุงุจููุฏุฉ ููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญ ููู ุงููุงูู ููุฉ ุจ ููุฉ ู ุนูู ููุฉ ุตูู ุฎูููููุฑุฉ! ููุฉ ุงู ูุคุงู ููุง ูุธุฑู ูููู ู". ุฅูู ูููุงู ุงู ูุณ ู"ุงุฅูุฎูููุฐุง ู ููุง ุงุนุชูุฏุชููู ุฅูู ุฃู ูููุฑุฃุช ู ูููุงุงู ูู "ููุฑูููุฏ ููุณ ููู ุฑุฆู ููู ุน ููุงู ูู ููุฉ ุฃู ููู ุจุถุน ูููู" ูุจ ุชุฑูุจูููุฆููุฉ ุงุฃูุฑูุงู ุงูุณููุงุจู ูู ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉุ ุงูุฌููุฑุงู ููููู ุดูููุชููุ ูููููู ูููููุงุฉ "ูููููุณ ูููููุฒ" ุฅู ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุฃูุจุงู ููุง ุชุนู ููู ูู ุงูุนุงู ู ุงู ูุงุถูู
ููู. ููุฑ ูุงูุจุญุฑู ููุชูุฑุงุฑ ูู ู ููุฉ ุงุงูุณ ููู ุฒุนุฒุน ุนููู ููู ู ู ูู ููู "ู ูููุชูู ููู ููู ุด ููู ุน ููุฏ ูู ููููุช ููุฑูุณุ ูุชุญูู ููุน ู ูููู ุจุฎู ููู ุฃูู ุงูุณ ุงููุฑูููุฑ". ูููุงู ุฌูุดูููุง ูููุฏ ุฏู ู ููุฑ ุณูููุฑูุง ุซุงููููุฉ ููุฃู ููุง ุจุงููุณููุจุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุจุญุฑููููุ ููููุฑุดุญ ุฃู "ุฃู ุฑููููุง ุงุนุชูููุฏุช ุฃู ุงูุจุญุฑูููู ุทุฑูููุฏุฉ ุณููููุฉ ู ููููู ููุณ ููุฉ ู ุฌู ููุงุฑ ู ูุธูู ููุง ุงูููู ููุชุฎุฏุงู ูุง ู ูุชุงุญ ุงุณููุท ููู ุฑุดูุงุช ุงููู ููุง ู ูู ููู ู ููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌ ุงูุชุนุงูุนู ุงููููุฉ ู ููู ุงูุณูููุทุฑุฉ ุนููู ุงูููููุท ูู ุงูุฎููุฌ".
ุจููู ุฎูู ุงุฃุญู ุฏ ุงุญูุจุชูุฑ
ยฉ S
hutt
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ููุฏ ููู ู ุจุซุงุจููุฉ ุชุฃูู ูููู ู ููุฐุง ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ ุงู ูุฑู ูููุง ูุฑุชูููู ุฑุณูุนููุง ูุญููู ูู ููู ุฃูููุฑ ุนุงู ูููู ุจุฃููุนููููุงุ ูุจุฃููููุง ูููุงุฏุฑูู ู ุชุงู ููุง ุนููู ุชูุธูููู ุจุฃุจูููู ูุฅุธูููุงุฑู ุงูุถุฎููู ุงูุญููุฏุซ ูููุฐุง ููุฉ ูุงุณููุชุถุงูุฉ ู ุงููููู ุงุฃูุดููุฎุงุต ูู ุฃุฌูููุงุก ุญู
ู ููู ุงูุฑูููู ูุงูุชู ูููุฒ.ููุจู ููุฑุถ "ุฅูุณ ููู ุฃู ู ุน ููู ู ููู ูู ููุง ุน ุฃู
2020" ุณูููุฏุฎู ุงูุชุงุฑูููุฎ ูู ุญุทููุฉ ุฃุณุงุณูููุฉ ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ ูููุฐุง ุณููุฌู ูู ุชุญูููู ูููุทููุฉ ุงูููุฏููู. ุฃููููู ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ ุงุฃููู ุงูููุฐู ุนููุฑู ูู ุงูุตูุงุนููุฉ ุฃูุนููุงู ุงููุจููุฑ ุจู"ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ ูุนููุฑุถ 1851 ุนููุงู ููููุฏู ุงูููุฏูู"ุ ูู ูู ูุณูููุท ุงูุตูุงุนูููุฉ. ุงูุซูููุฑุฉ ุฅูุฌููุงุฒุงุช ูู ุฃุฌููุฑู ุงูููุฐู ุงูููุฏููู 1900 ู ุนููุฑุถ ุงูุถูููุก ูููุฑู"ุ "ุชูููููู ุจุนููููุงู ุจุงุฑูููุณ ุณูููุง ุงู ุงูุฌุฏูููุฏุฉ ุงูุชูููููุฌูููุงุช ุนููู ูุงุฃููููุงูู ุงูุฏูููุฒูุ ูู ุญููุฑูุงุช ุงู ูุตุงุนููุฏุ ุงููุงุทูููุฉุ ูุฏูุงููููุจ ุงูููููุงุกุ ูุจููุฑุฌ ุฅูููููุ ููุฑ. ูููู ุฒุงุฆ ููู 48 ู ูู ููุฑ ู ููุฏ ุงุณููุชูุทุจ ุฃู ูู
ุฃููููู ุงูููุฐู ุงูุนุงู ูููู ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ ูุณููุงูู ุงู ูุฏููููุฉ ุชุญูููู 1933 ูู ุนููุงู ูู ุดููููุงุบู ุฅูู ูุงุญููุฏุฉ ู ููู ุฃูููู ุงู ูููุฏู ูู ุงููุงููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ. ูุณููุงูู ู ุนููุฑุถ "ุฅูุณููุจู 2000" ููุฉุ ูู ููุฑ ุงุฃูู ูุงูู ููุฉ ูุงููู ููู ูู ู ุฏูู ููุฐู ุฃูู ุงูุชูููููุฏ ุทูููุฑุฉ ูู ุงูุจููุงูุฏุ ู ููุน ุงุณููุชุญุฏุงุซ ู ุฆููุฉ
ุงุงูุณููุชุซุงุฑุงุช. ูุชุนุฒูููุฒ ูุธููููุฉ ุฃูููู ุฅูุทุงููููุง ุชุณููุชุถูู ุฃู ุงู ูุฑุชูููุจ ู ููู ุณููุชุฌุฑู ุงูููุฐู "2015 "ุฅูุณููุจู ู ุนููุฑุถ ูุนุงููุงุชููู ูู ู ุฏููููุฉ ู ูุงููููู ุจููู ุงุฃููู ู ููู ู ุงูููู ู31 ุฃูุชูุจููุฑ 2015ุ ูุณูููู ุชููููู ุฏูุจ
ุฎุงููููู ูุงุญููุฏุง ู ููู ุฃูููุฑ ุงุฃูุฌูุญููุฉ.ููุชุธุฑูููุง ุนู ููู ูุซููุฑุ ููููู ุงู ูุฌูููุฏ ูููู ููุฉ ูุดููู ูู ูุงู ูููุณ ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุชููู ุงู ุชูุจููู ู ุจููุง ูููู ุฏูู ุงู ูุฑุชุจููุฉ ุงุฃูููู. ููุนููู ุฃูุถููู ุตูููุฑุฉ ุนููู ุฏูุจ ูููููููุง ุงููุชููู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงูุช ุนููู ุงูููุฐู ูุงู ุฌููุฏู ุบูููุงุต ูุคูููุคุ ูุงูููุฐู ูููููู ูู ููุฉ ููุงุฑ ุญู ู ููุฌ ูู ุฅุท ููุฑ ุฃูุช ูููุฑ ูุต ููุท ู ุต ุฑุดูุฏูุจ ุงูุณููุชุถุงูุฉ ู ุนููุฑุถ "ุฅูุณููุจู 2020": "ุฏูุจ ููู ู ูููุงู ู ูููุงู ูุธูููู ูุตุญููู ูู ุณููู - ุฅูุงูุนููุงู ู. ูู ุงูุนููููู ุฎููุฑุฉ ูุฌู ููุน ู ุซููุงูู ุชุณููุงูู ุงู ูุนููุงุฑุถ ูู ุชุนุฑูููู ุงูุนููุงู ู ุนููู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุฏูุฑ ุฌููุงุก ููููุฏ ุฑุงุฆุนููุฉ. ุฃุดูููุงุก ุฃุดููุฎุงุต ููููุง ูุนูููุด ุงูุนููุงู ู. ูุชุฏูููุด ููุชู ูููู ุฅูู ู ุฆุชููู ุฌูุณูููุฉ. ุฒุงุฑ ุฃูููุฑ ู ููู 15 ู ูููููู ุดููุฎุต ุฏูุจ ุฎููุงูู ุงูุนููุงู ุงู ูููุงูุถุ ููุน ููู ู ููู . ูุชูุงุต ููุจ ุจู ููุฏ ุงูุฑุชุญู ููู ูุฌู ููุญููุณููุงู ูููู ู ุนุฑุถููุง ุฏูุจ ุณููุชูุฏู ุงูุนููุงูู .
ููู! ููุง ุงู ููุช ููุงู ู ุนุฑุถ ูููููู ูุน ููุงู ู". ุณ ุงูุน
)ูุฑุดุช ูู ุงูุตุญุงูุฉ ุจุชุงุฑูุฎ 28 ูููู ุฑุจ 2013(
3 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ููุฒูุงุฑ ู ููู ููู ุงู ููุฉ ุชุณููุชูุทุจ ู ุงูู ู ุนููุงุฑุถ ุฏูููููุงู ุฏูุจ ููุฑุงุฑ ู ูุฑุฌ ููู ุบ ููุงู ูุ ุน ููุงุฑ ุงูุน ููุฉ ุฃูุท ูุงูููุชุณูููู ุงูููุฐู ููููุงู ุณูููููุงุ ูุงููุฑูููุฉ ุงูุนุงู ููููุฉุ ุณูููู ูู ูุชูููู ุงูุณููููุงูุฆุ ุฏูุจ ูู ูุฑุฌููุงู ููุฑุถ ููุณุ ูู ุน ููุฑุถ ุฌูุชู ููุฑูุจุ ูู ุน ุงูุณูููุฑ ุงูุนุงูุนุงู ูููู ุฏูุจ ููุฃุณ ููุณูููุงุฑุงุชุ ุงูููุฏููู ุฏูุจ ูุณููุจุงู ุงูุฎูููู ุงูููุฐู ูุนููุฏ ุฃุบูููู ุณููุจุงู ูู ููุฐู ููุฑุงู ุงู ููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ููุท ููุน ู ุน ููุงู ู - ูุจุงูุทุจ ุงูุนููุธููู ูู ุนุงู ููู. ููููุฏ ุจุงุชููุช ุฏูุจ ู ุฑุงุฏูููุง ุฃูุฑูููู ููู ููุฉ ุงูุช ููุง ุงูุชุญุชู ููู ุจููุชู ููุฉุ ุจูุถ ูููุงุน ุงูุถูุงู ุฃููุงูููููุงุฏู ุงู ููุงุตููุงูุชุ ูุณูููููุฉ ุชุถุงููููุ ุงู ููููุ ููู ุ ูุงูุชุณ ูููุ ูุงู ูุทุงุน ููุชูู ุงูุนุงู ู ุฐุงุช ุงู ูุณ
ูุงูุฑูุงุถููุฉ ูุงูุฑุชููููู."ุฅูุณููุจู ู ุนููุฑุถ ููููุงู ุฃู ุงู ููููุฑุฑ ู ููู 2020" ุฎููุงูู ุงููููุฑุชุฉ ู ููู 20 ุฃูุชูุจููุฑ 2020 ุฅูู 10 ุฃุจุฑูููู 2021 ุนููู ู ุณููุงุญุฉ 438 ููุชููุงุฑุง ูููุ ููู ุน ููู ูู ุฌุจ ููุงุฑู ุงูุนุงู ู ููุฒ ุฏูุจ ุงูุชุฌ ูู ู ุฑููุณูููู ูุชูููุญ ูุฑุตููุฉ ููู ุดููุงุฑูู/ุงูุฒูุงุฑ ุงูุฐูููู ู ูููููู 25 ุฅูู ุนุฏุฏูููู ูุตููู ุฃู ูุน ูุชูููุงูุชููู ุงู ูุฒุงูููุง ู ุจุฎุชูููู ูุงูุณููุชู ุชุงุน ุดููุฎุตุ ููุฉ ุงูุฑุงุฆุนููุฉ ูุงู ูุชุนููุฏุฏุฉ ููุง ูููุฐู ุงู ูุฏูู ููุน ุจู ุชุชู ุชููุฑุงุฑุฉ ููุงุช ุงูุญ ููุถ ุฏุฑุฌ ููุง ุชูุฎู ููุงุช ุนูุฏู ุงูุซูุงูููุงุฑุงุช. ูุงุฃููููู ูููู ุฅูู ุฃุฏูู ู ุณููุชููุงุชูุง ูู ุงุฅูู ู ููู ูููู ุงู ูุชุญููุฏุฉ ุงูุนุฑุจูููุฉ ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ุฃู ููุง ูู ุงูุนููุงู ู ูุธููุฑุง ุฅูู ู ููุง ุงุฃูู ุงูููู ุงุฃููููุฑ ุฃู ุงูููุงุถ ูููุงูุณ ูุงูุฎู ููุชูุฑุงุฑ ุณ ููู ุงุณ ููู ู ููู ุจ ุชูุน
ุงูุฌุฑู ูููุฉ. ู ุนููุฏุงูุช ุฏูุจ "2020 "ุฅูุณููุจู ู ุนููุฑุถ ูุถููุน ูููู ููุงู ููู ุฃุต ููู ุชุญุช ููุฉุ ูู ููุฉ ุงูุนุงู ูู ููู ุงูุฎุฑูุท ุนู ูุงูููุฉ ุจููุงุฑุฒุฉ ููุฌูููุฉ ูุฃูุนููุงู ูุงูุณูููุงุญุฉ ุฃูู ูุชูููุง ุฏูุจ ุฃุซุจุชููุช ููููุฏ ูุงูุชุณูููู. ู ููุฑุงุฑุง ูุชูููุฑุงุฑุงุ ูุณูููู ุชุณููุชู ุฑ ูู ุงููู ููู ููู ููุชุถุงูุฉ ู ุซ ูููุฒ ุจุงุณ ููุฏ ุฃู ุงูู ููุงุฑ. ุจู ูุงุงูุฒุฏู
ูููู ู ู ุนูู โุงุฃูุง ุงุฅู๏ฟฝุณุจู ู ุนุฑ๏ฟฝุณ ุงุฃู
ุงูุชุงุฑูุฎ ๏ฟฝุณูุฏุฎู
ุงุฃ๏ฟฝุณุง๏ฟฝุณูุฉ ูู ุญุทุฉ
ูู ุชุญูู ูููุทุฉ
ุงูู ุนุฑ๏ฟฝุณ ูุฐุง ๏ฟฝุณุฌู
ุงูุฏูููโ
ู ูุธูู ู ุฌู ูุนุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ูุญุชูููู ุจุงูุนูุฏ ุงููุทูู ูุฏููุฉ ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช
2 ุงูุนุฏุฏ 115
ููู ุฉ ุฑุฆูุณ ู ุฌูุณ ุงุฅูุฏุงุฑุฉ
ููุงุฒ ููู ุจุฅูุฌ ููุงุฑุงุช ุชุญุชู ููู ุงุฅูู ููุง ู ูุชุงุฑูุฎููู ุฌุฏูููุฏ. ููููุฏ ูููุงุฒุช ุฏูุจ ุจุงุณููุชุถุงูุฉ ููุฑุถ ููุฑ ุงู ูุน ููุฐู ูุนุช ููุจู 2020" ุงู ููุฑุถ "ุฅูุณ ู ุนููุฏู: ููุงูุซ ู ููู ุซ ููุฉ ุน ู ููุงู ูุ ู ุชูุฏ ููุฑ ูู ุงูุน ุงุฃููุชุฑููููุงุ ูู ูุฅุฒู ููุฑ ุฑูุณูููุงุ ูู ุฅููุงุชุฑููููุฑุบ ูุณููุงู ุจุงููููู ูู ุงูุฑุงุฒููููุ ููุตููุงุฏู ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ ุงูููุฐู ุณููููุธู ูู 2020-2021 ู ููุน ุงูุฐูููุฑู ุงููุทูููู ูุฏููููุฉ ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ููุนูููุฏ ุงูุฎู ุณููู ููุฑุฉ ุงุฃูููู ูููู ุงู ู ูููู ุชู ููุฏุฉ. ูุณ ููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญ ุงูุนุฑุจูููู ูููููุง ู ุนููุฑุถ "ุฅูุณููุจู" ูู ู ูุทูููุฉ ุงูุชููู ููุธูุฌููููุจ ุฃูุฑูููููุง ูุดููุงู ุงุฃููุณููุท ุงูููุฑุดู ุขุณูููุงุ ููููููุน ุงุงูุฎุชูููุงุฑ ุนููู ุฏูุจ ู ุตููุฏุฑ ูุฎููุฑ ููุณ ููุงุฑุงุช ูุฏูู ู ุฌู ููุงุก ุงุฅูู ููุณ ุฃูุจู ููุฒุงุฒ ูู ูุงุนุชุงูุชุนููุงูู ุงูุฎููุฌููู ูุญุณููุจุ ุฅู ูููุง ุฃูุถููุง ููุนููุงู ู ููููุ ููุงู ุงูุญู ููู ุฏูุจ ุฃูุต ููุฃุฑุณู. ุงู ุชูุจ ููุฑูุจ ุจ ุงูุนููู ููุฒู ุน ููุง ุชูุฌ ููู ู ููู ุนู ููุจ ุน ููุง ุชูู ูุนูุฏู ููุฒูุงุฑ ููู ูุงู ููู ุงูุนุงุฑุถ ููู ุน ูููุ ููุฐู ููู ูุฌ ุฃูู ุฃู ูุชููุนูููุง ุญุฏุซููุง ู ุฐูููุงู ูู ู ุฏููููุฉ ุนุงู ููููุฉ ู ุชุทูููุฑุฉ ููุงุจุถููุฉ ุจุงูุญูููุงุฉ ุงู ุชูููู ุนููู ุชุญุทูููู
ุงูุญูุงุฌููุฒ ูุชุฌููุงูุฒ ูู ุงูุชููุนููุงุช.ุฃุทููููุช ุฏูุจ ุญู ูุชูููุง ุงููุงุฌุญููุฉ ุงูุณููุชุถุงูุฉ ููู ููุนุงุฑ "ุชูุงุต ููุช ุด ููุจู 2020 ุชุญ ููุฑุถ ุฅูุณ ู ุนุงูุฑุชููููุฒ ุนููุฑ ุงู ูุณููุชูุจู"ุ ูุตูููุน ุงูุนูููููุ ููู ููู ุงููู ููุฏุฉ ูุชุญูู ููุจู ุฌุฏู ููุฑุต )ุณ ููู ุงูู ุนููุฏุฉ ููู ุฌุฏู ููู )ูุธ ููุฉ ุงูุชูู ููุงุฏู(ุ ูุฃูุธู ุงุงููุชุตููููููู ูุงูุฎุฏู ููุงุช ุงุงููุฌุณููุชูุฉ(ุ ูุงุงูุณููุชุฏุงู ุฉ ูุน ููุชููู ูุงู ููููุงู(. ููุทุงูููุฉ )ู ุตููุงุฏุฑ ุฎุงููููุฉ ุฃู ูุณููุงูู ูููุฐุง ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ ุงูููุฏููู ูู ุชุญููููุฒ ุงุงูุจุชูููุงุฑุ ูุงููููุฑุต ุงุงููุชุตุงุฏูููุฉุ ูุฒูููุงุฏุฉ ุงููุนููู ุฃูููู 270 ุงุณููุชุญุฏุงุซ ุนููู ูุถููุงู ุงูุซูููุงููุ ูุธููููุฉ ุฌุฏูููุฏุฉ ูู ุฏูุจุ ู ุจููุง ูุนูููุฏ ุจุงููุงุฆููุฏุฉ ุนููู ุงู ููุงุทูููู ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุชูููู ูุงูุฌุงููููุงุช ุงุงูุบุฑุชุงุจูููุฉ
ูููุงุก. ููุฏ ุณ ููู ุญ ุน
ุฃู ููุง ุงูููููุฉ ุงูุฏุงูุนููุฉ ูุฑุงุก ุชูุฌููู ุฏูุจ ูุญููู ุงูุชู ูููุฒ ูุชุชู ุซููู ูู ุงูุฑุคูููุฉ ุงุงูุณููุชุซูุงุฆูุฉ ูุตุงุญููุจ ูููู ุ ููู ุฑุงุดููุฏ ุขู ู ูุช ููุฏ ุจ ุงูุณููู ู ุงูุดูููุฎ ู ุญู ูููุฒุฑุงุกุ ููุฉุ ุฑุฆูููุณ ู ุฌูููุณ ุงู ูุงุฆููุจ ุฑุฆูููุณ ุงูุฏููููู ูููุฑ ู ููุฏู ุงู ูุบู ููู ูุงู ููู ุฎุท ููู ุฏูุจ. ูุน ุญุงููุจููุฑุฉ ุฃุญููุงูู ุฏุงู ุฆููุง ุชููุฑุงูุฏู ุฑุงุดููุฏุ ุงูุดูููุฎ ุงูุชููู ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุฉ ูู ูุงูููุน ุฅูู ูุฑุชุฌู ูููุง ุญูููุง ูุนุดููู. ูุงูุฎุทููุฉ ุงูุชููู ุฑุณููู ูุง ุงูุดูููุฎ ู ุญู ููุฏ ุจุชููุฃู ุดููุฏูุฏ ู ูุนููุฑุถ "ุฅูุณููุจู 2020" ูููู ู ุฌุฑุฏ ูุตููู ูุงุญููุฏ ูู ุฎุฑูุทููุฉ ุงูุทุฑูููู ุงูุชููู ูุถุนูููุง ู ูุณููุชูุจู ุฅู ุงุฑุชูููุง ุงูุชููู ุชุญููููุช ุนุงุตู ููุฉ ุนุงู ููููุฉ ููุชุซุงุฑ ูุงูุณูููุงุญุฉ ููุง ูู ู ุฌููุงุงูุช ุงุงูุณ ู ุดููููุฏ ูููุงุงููุชุตููุงุฏ ูุงูุถูุงูููุฉ. ูุงู ุจููุฏ ุฃูุถููุง ู ููู ุงุฅูุดููุงุฏุฉ ุฃุฏุช ุงูุชููู ุงู ูุฎุชููููุฉ ุงูุญููู ูููุฉ ุจุงูููุฆููุงุช ุฏูุฑุง ู ูููุง ุฌููุฏุง ูู ูุณููุจ ุงุฅูู ููุงุฑุงุช ูุงูููููุฒ ุจุงุณููุชุถุงูุฉ ู ุนููุฑุถ "ุฅูุณููุจู 2020"ุ ุนููุฑ ุชุถุงูููุฑ ุงูุชุจููุงู ุตุงูุนููู ููููุช ุฃุฌููู ู ููู ุฌููุฏูููุง ุงููููุฑุงุฑุงุช ูู ู ูุชููุจ ููุฆููุฉ ุงู ูุนููุงุฑุถ ุงูุฏูููููุฉ ูู ููุฏุฉ ูุงููููุฐุฉ ููุง ุงููุฑู ุจุงุฑูููุณ ุฅูู ุงู ููุงูููุจ ูุงู ูุฒุงู
ููุง ุฏูุจ. ููุน ุจู ููู ุชุชู ุช ุงูุชุญููููุง ุงู ูุงุถูููุฉ ุงุฃูุณููุงุจูุน ู ููุฏู ุนููู "ูููู ูุงูุชุณููุงุคุงูุช: ุจุงูุชูููููุงุช ุฏูุจ ุถุฌููุช ููู ููุช ุน ููุฑุถ ุฃู ุงูุ"ุ ูู ููุชุถุงูุฉ ุงู ูุน ูููุฒ ุจุงุณ ููููุง ุณููููุฌุญุ ููููุฐุง ูุงู ุฃูุถููุง ุฑุฃู ููู ุฃูู ููููู ู ููู ููุงู ู ููุฑ ูู ู ู ููุฐู ุงุนุช ุฌูุฑุฌููู ูุงูุชุดูููู ุงููู ุตุญููููุฉ "ูููููููุฑู ุชุงู ูููุฒ" ุฃู ุฏูุจ ุชุชุตููุฏุฑ "ุงูุฏุนููู ุชุดูููุฏ ุฃูููููุง ุงุขูุฎุฑููููุ ุงู ูุฑุดููุญู ุงู ูููุงูู ูุงูุญููู ููู ุงุฃููููุฑ" ููุญู ูููุฉ ูู ุญููู ุฃู "ุงูุชุดูููุฌุงุช ุงูุณูุงุณูููุฉ" ูู ุฑูุณูููุง ูุชุฑููููุง ุขู ุงููููุง ุชุฑุงุฌููุน ุฅูู ุงุฃูุฑุฌููุญ ุนููู ุณููุชุคุฏู
ุงู ูุนููุฑุถ. ุจุงุณููุชุถุงูุฉ ูุงูููุช ุงู ููุงูุณููุฉ ุดููุจู ู ุญุณูููู ุฉ ุจุงููุณููุจุฉ ููุชุถุงูุฉ ููู ูู ุงุณ ููุฌู ุฏูุจ ุงูุญุงู ููุฑุง ุฅูู ุณ ุฅููุ ูุธ
ุฌูุญูุง!
ููู ุฉ ุฑุฆูุณ ู ุฌูุณ ุงุฅูุฏุงุฑุฉ
ูุฌุญูุง! 02
ุณูุงุณุฉ
04 ูู ุชุฎุทุท ุงููุงููุงุช ุงูู ุชุญุฏุฉ ููุดุฑ ุงูููุถู ูู ุงูู ูุทูุฉุ
06 ุงูุชูุฏุฏ ุงุฃูู ูุฑูู ุฅูู ุฅูุฑุงู ูุซูุฑ ูููุฑ ุญููุงุก ุงููุงููุงุช ุงูู ุชุญุฏุฉ ูู ุงูุดุฑู ุงุฃููุณุท
08 ู ู ุฃูู ูุณุชู ุฏ ุชูุธูู โุงููุงุนุฏุฉโ ุงุณุชู ุฑุงุฑูุชูุ
ููุงุท ุถุนู ุงูุฏููุชุงุชูุฑููู ุงูุทุบุงุฉ 10
12 ุญูู ู ุณุชุญููุ
14 ูููุณูู ู ุงูุฏูุงู (1918-2013)
ุทูุฑุงูุตููุงุช ุจู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูุงูุฑุงุช 16
ู ูุงุจูุฉ18 ุจูุงุก ุงูุนุงูู ุฉ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑูุฉ ุงุฅูุณุงูู ูุฉ
ุฃุนู ุงู ุฎูุฑูุฉุญุจ ุงูุนุทุงุก 22
ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุณูุงุฑุงุช
ู ุนุฑุถ ุฏุจู ุงูุฏููู ููุณูุงุฑุงุช 24
ุงุณุชุซู ุงุฑ
ุชููุนุงุช ุฎุทูุฑุฉ ูุนุงู 2014 26ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู ุฌู ูุนุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ
28 ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุชูู ุตุงุญุจ ุงูุณู ู ุงูู ููู ุงุฃูู ูุฑ ุงููููุฏ ุจู ุทุงูู ูู ุดููุงุบูุ ุฅูููููู
29 ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ูุชุณูู ุฑุณุงูุฉ ุจุงููุฏ ู ู ุงุฃูู ูุฑ ููุตู ุจู ุฎุงูุฏ ุจู ุนุจุฏ ุงูุนุฒูุฒ ุขู ุณุนูุฏ
ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ูุณุชูุจู ุณุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูุณููุฑ ุงุฃููู ุงูู ูู ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช
ุฅุทุงูู ู ูุณูุนุฉ ุนู ุงูู ุณุงุฌุฏ ูู 30 ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ุจุฑุนุงูุฉ ู ุคุณุณุฉ ุฎูู ุฃุญู ุฏ
ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ูุฃูุนู ุงู ุงูุฎูุฑูุฉ31 ุงูุณูุฑุฉ ุงูุฐุงุชูุฉ ูุฎูู ุฃุญู ุฏ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ
ุชููุฒ ุจุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู ุฑู ููุฉ ูู ู ุนุฑุถ ุงูุดุงุฑูุฉ ุงูุฏููู ูููุชุงุจ
ู ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉ ุชุธูุฑ ุฏุนู ูุง 32 ูุญู ูุฉ ุฏุจู ุฅูุณุชุถุงูุฉ ุฅูุณุจู 2020
ุทุงูุจ ู ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉ ูุญุชูููู ุจุงูุนูุฏ ุงููุทูู 42
ุฑูุงุถุฉ
ุชุญุฏู ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุชูุณ ุงูุณุงุฏุณ ุนุดุฑ
33
ุฑุณุงูุฉ ุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุชุญุฑูุฑ ุงูู ุญุชููุงุช
ูููุช ุฏูุจ ูููุฏ ูุงู ูููุฏ! ูู ูููุงู ุงูุฌุฏู ูููุฉ ููุน ูููุฉ ุฑุงุฆุน ูููู ุจุฏุงู ูููุง ู ูููุง ูู ูููุง. ู ูููุน ูุฑุงุฆู ูููุนูุฏุง ูุฌู ู ูููุง ุณ ุนุงู ูุงุฅูู ูููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุนุฑุจููููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญูููุฏุฉ ุนูููู ู ูุนูููุฏ ู ูููุน ุงูุทุงูููููุฉ ู ุฏูููููุฉ ุจุนูููุฏ ูููููุฒ ุฏูุจ ุจุงุณูููุชุถุงูุฉ ูููุฉ ุฃุฎูููุฑู ูููุฏ ุฑุณููููุช ุฏูุจ ุงุฃูุถููููุงุก ูู ุฃุญูููุฏุงุซ ุฏููู ู ุนูููุฑุถ "ุฅูุณูููุจู ุงูุนุงู ููููู 2020" )ุต. 2(. ูููุธู ูููุช ุนูููู ุฃุฑุถููููุง... ูููููุฏ ููุนูููุช ุงุชูุงููููุงุช ู ุญุทู ูููุฉ ูุฃูุฑููููุงู ุงูููุงุณููููุฉ ูู ู ุนูููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ููุทูููุฑุงูุ ุญููููุซ ุฃููููููุช ุฑุดูุงุช ุงูุทูููุฑุงู ุงุฅููููู ููููุฉ ู ูููููุงุฑุงุช ุงููููุฏูุงูุฑุงุชุ ููุงููููุช ูุฑุดููููุฉ ุงูุญุจุชููููุฑ ููุณููููุงุฑุงุช ุญุตูููุฉ ุงุฃูุณูููุฏ ูู ู ุนูููุฑุถ ุฏูุจ ุงููููุฏููู ููุณููููุงุฑุงุช - ู ูููุน ุฅุทูููุงูู ู ุงุฑูุชูููู ุฌุฏูุฏุชูููู ูู ุงูุณููููู ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุชููููุฉ. ุงูุจุงุฑูููููุฉ ุงูุฑูุทุงูููููุฉ ุงููู ููููููุฉ ุณูููุนูุฏุฉ ูุงุฑูุณ ุชูููุฑูู ููุดููููุฏุบุฉ ุนูููู ุฎุทุทููููุง ูุจููููุงุก "ุงูุนุงูู ูููุฉ ุงูุชุฌุงุฑููููุฉ ุงุฅูุณูููุงูู ูุฉ" - ูุฌุนูููู ุงู ูู ูููููุฉ ุงู ูุชุญูููุฏุฉ ููููุฑ ูููุฏ ุงูุญุจุช ูููู ุฃุญู ูููุฉ ุฎู ูููู ู ุคุณุณ ููููู ู )ุต. 16(. ูุชุญุชู ูููู ููู ุณ ูููุชุซุงุฑู ุงู ููุถ ูููุงุฑ ุงุงูุณ ุงูุฎููููุงุฑูุน ูููุถ ุงู ูุด ูููุฏ ุจุน ูููู ุนู ูููุงุฑุ ูุชูู ูููุฐุง ุงุฅูุท ููููุง. ูู ู ูููุฑู ุงุฃูููู ูุชุฃุณูุณ ูููุฉ ุจุงูุฐู ูููุงู ุงูุฎุฑู ูุฃูุนููุฑ ุงูุญูููููู ููุนูุฏูุฉ ุงูุชูููู ุชุนุชู ููู ุงูุณู ููุงู ุงู ูููููุฑู )ุต. 20(. ุชุชุฌู ููุง ุฎูููุงูู ุงูุนู ุงูุชูููู ุฃุทููุชููุงุฃูููููุฑุจ ูููุงูููููุงุช ุงู ูุชุญูููุฏุฉ ูู ุงู ููุทููููุฉุ ุฅูู ุฅุฌูููุฑุงุก "ุชุญููููู ูุจูููุฑ" ูุงุงูุจุชุนูููุงุฏ ุนูููู ุญูููุชููููุงุ ูููู ูููุง ู ูููู ู ูููุงูุถ. ูู ูููุฑู ุงู ู ูููุงุช ุงูู ูููุฐ ุซุงูุซููู ูููุชู ุฑุฉ ู ู ูููุฉ ู ุณ ูููุฏ ูุฑุดุงู ูููุน ุญ ูููุคุฏู ุฅูู ูุถ ูููุง ู ู ุจ
ุงูุชุฏุงุนููููุงุช ุนูููู ุงูุณูุงุณูููุฉ ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌููููุฉ ูุงูุณูููุงูุญ ูุงุฃูุณููููุงู ุงูููุทููููุฉุ )ุต. 6(
ุฌูุงูุง ุฃูุฏุฑูุฒุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุชุญุฑูุฑ
ูุงุฆุจ ุฑุฆูุณ ู ุฌูุณ ุงุฅูุฏุงุฑุฉ ูุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุชูููุฐู
ู ุญู ุฏ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ
ุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุชุญุฑูุฑุฌูุงูุง ุฃูุฏุฑูุฒ
ุงูู ุฏูุฑ ุงููููุบููุฏุง ูุงุณุชุฑู ุฑููุณ
ูุฌูุฉ ุงูุดูุฏุบุฉู ุนู ุญูุจู
ุจูู ุฑุงููุฑุณุงูุฌูู ุฃุฌุฑูุงุงู
ููุฑุง ุจุฏููู ุญู ุฏ ูููุณ
ุนุงููุงุช ุฅุนุงูู ูุฉููุฒู ุฑุงู ููู ููู ุงูุงูู
ุฑุถูู ูุฌุฏู
ุชุฑุฌู ุฉูุณุฑูู ูุงุฏุฑ
ุงููุชุงุจ ุงูู ุณุงูู ูููููุฏุง ุณ. ููุฑุฏ
ุจูู ูู
ุงูู ุตูุฑููุงูุฏุฑู ุจุงุฑุณููุฒ
ุฏูุฌูุชุงู ุขูุฅูุณุจู 2020 )ุงูุบุงูู(
ุฌูุงูุง ููู
ุชุตุฏุฑ ุนู ู ุฌู ูุนุฉ ุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ุต ุจ 25444 ุฏุจูุ
ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ุงูุนุฑุจูุฉ ุงูู ุชุญุฏุฉ+971 )4( 394 1444
ู ูุชุฌุน ูุณุจุง ุญุจุชูุฑ ุฌุฑุงูุฏููุฏู ู ุชุฑูุจูููุชุงู ุจุงุงูุณููุฏู ู ุชุฑูุจูููุชุงู ุฏูุฑุฉ
ู ุชุฑูุจูููุชุงู ูุฎุฏู ุงุช ุงูุชู ูููููุฏู ูููุชูู ุจูุฑูุช ุญุจุชูุฑ ุฌุฑุงูุฏ
ููุฏู ูููุชูู ุจูุฑูุช ู ุชุฑูุจูููุชุงู ุจุงุงูุณ
ููุฏู ูู ู ูุฑูุฏูุงู ุจูุฏุงุจุณุชุงูุญุจุชูุฑ ููุณูุงุฑุงุช ุฐ ู ู
ุฏุงูู ููุฏููุณ ุฐ ู ู ู ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉุ ุงูุฌู ูุฑุงู ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงุฅูู ุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏูููุฉุ ู ูุฏูุฒ
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Al Shindagah 4 Issue 122