ajo-do 2011 jan issue

7/31/2019 Ajo-do 2011 Jan Issue

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JOURNAL CLUB

American Journal Of Orthodontics &Dentofacial Orthopedics

(Volume139, Number 1, January 2011)

PRESENTED BY

DR. YASHPALPG (ORTHODONTICS)

ACDS

SECUNDERABAD

10/14/2012 AJO-DO-JANUARY 2011- VOL 139, ISSUE 1 1


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CONTENTS

1. RESIDENTS JOURNAL REVIEW

2. POINT / COUNTERPOINT

3. SPECIAL ARTICLE

4. ONLINE ONLY5. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

6. ORIGINAL ARTICLES

7. CASE REPORTS

8. CLINICIANS CORNER

9. TECHNO BYTES

10. ABO



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1. RESIDENTS JOURNAL REVIEW



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Success Of Maxillary Canine Auto

Transplantation: A Retrospective

Investigation (by Patel et al, EJO-2010; e-pub)

THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to evaluate the survival &

success rate after auto transplantation of maxillary

permanent canine with closed apices.



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THE RESULTS:

low complete success rate but can have a favorable

survival rate over a long term.

The technique should be considered as an interim

measure to maintain bone level before placement of

implants in patients who are unwilling to undergo

lengthy orthodontic treatment to align ectopic

canines.



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Systematic Review Of Intraoral Splints For

Treating TMD (by Fricton et al, J Orofac Pain

2010;24:237-54)

THE AIM OF REVIEW& META-ANALYSIS: Was to assess

the efficacy of intra oral orthopedic appliance to

reduce pain in TMD patients compared with a placebo,

no treatment, or other treatment as reported in

randomized controlled trials (RCTs).



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CONCLUSION :

Hard stabilization appliances when adjusted

properly have good evidence of modest efficacy in

treatment of TMD pain when compared with

nonocculding appliance and no treatment.



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Effects of facemask therapy on profile change

in class III subjects (Kilic N et al, EJO 2010;32:419-24)

THE AIM OF STUDY:Was to investigate soft tissue

profile changes induced by maxillary protraction(MP)

only.

THERESULTS:

Significantly greater anterior movement in maxilla,

upper lip, & superior sulcus, with greater

proclination of maxillary incisors in the treatment

group than in control group.



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CONCLUSION:

Concave facial profile of the subjects were

corrected by anterior movement in maxilla resulting

in increased fullness of upper lip.

The concave skeletal profile were corrected by

backward and downward rotation of the mandible.



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Role Of Preoperative Orthodontics In

Correcting Class- III Malocclusion (Wang YC etal, J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68:1807-12)

THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to test the hypothesis that

the transverse dimensional change in patients with askeletal class III malocclusion undergoing surgical-

orthodontic treatment with a phase of preoperative

orthodontic were the same as without preoperative

orthodontics treatment.



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CONCLUSIONS:

1. Changes in molar and canine inclination showed

buccal tilting of the mandibular molars and

maxillary canines and lingual tilting of the

maxillary molars and mandibular canines.

2. Inclination changes of canines and molars

demonstrated no significant differences with or

without a phase of preoperative orthodontics.

3. Inclination changes of the canines and molarsduring treatment showed similar trends in SF & OF

groups.



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Randomized Controlled Trial Of Post-

Orthodontic Stability (Edman et al, EJO2010;32:542-7)

THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to use randomized controlled

trial methodology to evaluate and compare 3 retention

methods.

1. A vacuum-formed retainer in the maxilla and

bonded canine to canine retainer in mandible

(group V-CTC)



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2. A vacuum formed retainer in maxilla combined with

stripping of the 10 interproximal surfaces of

mandibular anterior teeth( group V-S).

3. A prefabricated positioner covering the teeth in

maxilla and mandible (group P)

CONCLUSION:

After 1 year retention, all 3 retention methods were

successful in retaining the orthodontic treatment

results.



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2. POINT/COUNTERPOINT



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Relationship Between Occlusion And

Temporomandibular Disorders: Implication

For The Gnathologist (Rudolf Slavicek, AJO-DO2011;139:10-6)

Biological system is an open system with time

direction.

Processes in biological system are irreversible.

A major aspect of open system is that all interventions

are irreversible.



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When we separate teeth with occlusal aids and then

remove the appliance, a condition of restitutio ad

integrum can be achieved, from a scientific point of

view, this is absolutely incorrect.

The phase of the mature deciduous dentition is the

period of extreme psychic narrowing and loading, at

this age bruxing is a normal function to unload the

psyche.????????



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The resulting abrasion favors the required protrusive

advancement of the mandible.

First premolar is the most important preparatory basis

for the final dynamics of lateral, retrusive, and

protrusive mandibular movements, extractions in this

region are functionally critical.???????????

The masticatory organ of human is a new organ.



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During the maturation of dentition, the position of

mandible is determined 3-dimensionally by the

occlusion of teeth.

Bruxing and clenching (the role of teeth in stress

management)?????

What is the role occlusion in coping with the

stress?????



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Relationship Between Occlusion And TMD:

Implications For The Orthodontist(Charles S. Green AJO-DO 2011;139:10-6 )

TMJ is remarkably resilient and capable of putting up

with a lot of diverse dental concepts.

It does not mean that an untreated person with a

malocclusion is at risk for developing TMD.

Finally, it does not mean that patient with active TMD

symptoms will need orthodontic treatment to become

healthy.

Sleep bruxism is part of a disordered sleep cycle.



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What should orthodontists know and do about

the TMJ ?1. Understand the processes of growth and

development of masticatory system, of which TMJ

is a major component.

2. They should recognize about internal

derangements of the TMJ discs in growing

patients.

3. Should study & understand the effect of functional

appliance on growing mandible and avoid use in a

mature patients.



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4. They should try to finish treatment with the TMJ in a

reasonable & biological acceptable retruded position.

5.Orthodontists should screen their patients for

pretreatment TMD sign and symptoms.

6. Orthodontists need to say NO to their referring dentist

and to the TMD patients they send to you for

orthodontics as a solution to theirTMD problems.



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7. Occlusion changing and jaw-realignment procedure are

no longer considered appropriate treatment for most

TMD patients.

8. Patients are treated in a biopsychosocial framework.

9. Treatment should be selected from the universe of

conservative reversible procedures.

10. Orthodontists can play an important role in this new

treatment paradigm because they have advanced

biomedical training and good clinical skills.



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3. SPECIAL ARTICLE



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Survey Of Orthodontics Residency Programs: Teaching

About Occlusion, Temporomandibular Joints, And

Temporomandibular Disorders In Postgraduate

Curricula (John Stockstill et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:17-23)

INTRODUCTION: Teaching orthodontic postgraduate

students about occlusion and TMJ is a fundamental

component of their education, but faculty member

confronted with disputes and controversies about

these topics.



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The purpose of this study was to ascertain where the

orthodontic teaching community currently stands on

the topics of occlusion, TMJ, and temporomandibular

disorder.

Methods: A 46-question survey was sent to everyorthodontic program director in the USA & Canada.

Results: Three interrelated topics are being taught in

diverse ways in these postgraduates orthodontic

programs.



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4.ONLINE ONLY ABSTRACTS



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Lip Pressure At Rest And During Function In A 2

Group Of Patients With Different Occlusions(Domizia et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:e1-e6)

INTRODUCTION : Of the forces from soft tissues, those

from the tissues in the passive resting state are

believed to be more important than force exerted on

the teeth during various function such as speech &

swallowing.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY : To measure upper lip

pressure at rest and during swallowing in 2 group of

patients with different occlusion and to evaluate any

difference among the groups.



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CONCLUSIONS:

In healthy patients

1. Upper lip pressure does not change at rest and

during swallowing.

2. Upper lip pressure was similar in the 2 groups

(Class I, 24.33 g/cm2 ; Class II, 24.61 g/cm2).

3. Lip pressure was higher in adults than in young

subjects.

further studies need to measure the pressure of

lower lip.



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Electron- Beam Irradiation Of Polymer Bracket

Materials (Andreas et al, AJO-DO 2011; 139:e7-e11)

INTRODUCTION: Electron beam irradiation can be used

to influence the properties of polymers. Electron beam

cause cross-linking that enhance the molecular mass

of the polymer; this leads to branched chain until, a 3-

D network is formed.

CONCLUSIONS: Electron beam post-curing improved

Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of polymer

with lower mechanical properties(polycarbonate &

polyurethane).



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Ployoxymethylene, with sufficient hardness and

fracture toughness, could not be improved with

electron-beam post-curing.



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Integration of parts in the facial skeleton and

cervical vertebrae (Brendan et al, AJO-DO2011;139:e13-e30)

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to

undertake an exploratory analysis of the relationship

among parts in the facial skeleton & cervical

vertebrae and their integration as 2-D shape by

determining their individual variation and co-variation.

The study was motivated by consideration applicable

to clinical orthodontics & maxillofacial surgery, in

which such relationship bear directly on pretreatment

analysis & assessment of post treatment outcome.



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METHODS:

Lateral radiograph of 61 adolescents of both sexes

without major malocclusion were digitized and

marked by using continuous outline spline curve for

8 defined parts in the facial skeleton, including the

cervical vertebrae.

Individual part variation was analyzed by using

principal components analysis, and paired part

covariation was analyzed by using 2- block partial

least square analysis in 2 models: relative size,

position, and shape only.



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CONCLUSION

The integration of shape of parts in the facial

skeleton and cervical vertebrae is weak; it is the

relative size, position, and orientation of parts that

form the strongest correlations.



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Mechanical Effects Of Third-order Movement In Self-

ligated Brackets By The Measurement Of Torque

Expression (Thomas et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:e31-e44.)

INTRODUCTION: Axial rotation of orthodontic wire

produces buccal or lingual root movement and is often

referred to as third-order movement or torque

expression.

THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to quantify torque expression

in 3 self-ligation bracket system.



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CONCLUSION:

Generally, In-ovation expressed the most torque at

a given angle of twist, followed by Damon and then

Speed.

However , there was no significant difference

between bracket below 34 Nmm of torque.

From clinical perspective, the torque plays between

brackets were virtually indistinguishable.



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Treatment Of Posterior Cross Bite Comparing 2

Appliance: A Community-based Trial (Fabina et al,AJO-DO 2011; 139:e45-e52)

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this community-based trial

was to compare the effectiveness of the quad-helix

appliance and removable plates for treating posterior

cross bite.

RESULTS:

1. The length of treatment and cost were higher in

expansion group than quad helix group.

2. The success rate were similar for the quad helix and

the expansion plate groups.



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3. The number of complication was higher in quad helix

group.

4. No self correction was observed in untreated group,

and relapses occurred in both experimental groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The average treatment time was significantly

shorter and 11% less expensive than in quad-helix

group, making it the more cost effective choice for

treatment.



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Effects Of Analgesic On Orthodontic Pain

(Shreena patel et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:e53-e58)

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was too asses the

effectiveness of 3 analgesics(ibuprofen, naproxen

sodium & acetaminophen) and a placebo administered

before and after the placement of separators in

reducing the severity of post-separator placement

pain.

CONCLUSION: Ibuprofen was superior to placebo in

relieving postoperative pain as measured by the VAS

pain summery scores.



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Threedimensional modeling and finite element

analysis in treatment planning for orthodontic

tooth movement (Hussein et al, AJO-DO 2011;

139:e59-e71)

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to

demonstrate the potential of 3-D modeling and finite

element analysis as clinical tools in treatment

planning for orthodontic tooth movement.

CONCLUSIONS: This model can be adapted as A

patient specific clinical orthodontic tool for planning

movement of 1 tooth or several teeth.


D ift Ch t i ti Of Mi i A d M l


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Drift Characteristics Of Miniscrews And Molars

For Anchorage Under Orthodontic Force: 3-

dimensional Computed Tomography

Registration Evaluation(Hong et al, AJO-DO

2011;139:e83-e89)

INTRODUCTION: Although miniscrews have been used as

absolute anchorage for a long time, their behavior under

orthodontic loading is still unclear clinically.

CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that the miniscrews

and maxillary first molars were mesially displaced under

orthodontic loading. A mesial site for miniscrews might

be a better choice for long-term stability.



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Smile Esthetics From The Laypersons

Perspective (Nathan et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:e91-e101)

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to

quantify the ideal and the range of acceptable values

for smile variables judged by layperson from a full-face

perspective for comparison with lower-face data.



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CONCLUSIONS:

Reliability was fair to moderate with the exception

of buccal corridor limits.

Detailed knowledge of the ideal values of the

various variables is important and can be

incorporated into orthodontic treatment to produce

an optimal esthetic smile.



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5. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW



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Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with

functional appliances on mandibular growth in

the short term (Elvira et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:24-36)

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze

the current literature for the best evidence about

efficacy of functional appliance on mandibular growth

in the short term.

CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the effect of treatment

with functional appliance vs an untreated controlgroup showed that skeletal change were statistically

significant, but unlikely to be clinically significant.



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IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:

This meta analysis showed that the treatment resulted

in a change of skeletal pattern.

These data seem to support recent reports that 2-

phase treatment has no advantages over 1-phase

treatment.

IMPLICATION FOR RESEARCH:

Class II studies should separate patients into at least

the hypodivergent, neutral, and hyperdivergent

phenotypes, different rotation patterns are associated

with different phenotypes and require different

treatments.



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6. ORIGINAL ARTICLES



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Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Bone Formation

And Its Stability Over Time (Sona et al AJO-DO

2011;139:37-43)

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic tooth movement can lead

to the creation of bone. The purpose of the study were

to investigate the amount of bone formed in

orthodontic patients during treatment (maxillarycanine distalization) and to assess the long term

stability of new bone.



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CONCLUSIONS:

The bone created through orthodontic tooth movement

was stable in both horizontal and vertical directions.

Changes in the width of the alveolus were not related

to the amount of bone at place of agenesis at T1.

In patients with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors,

it is possible to move canine distally during

adolescence and then wait to place implants when

facial growth is complete.



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In Vitro Assessment Of The Forces Generated

By Lingual Fixed Retainers (Losif et al, AJO-DO

2011; 139:44-8)

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this article was to assess

the effect of wire adaptation on lingual surfaces of

mandibular anterior teeth with 3 type of lingual

retainers on the development of vertical and

labiolingual forces.



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CONCLUSIONS:

The forces recorded from the lingual retainer wires

during 0.2-mm simulated intrusion extrusion and

buccal lingual movements might generate high

forces that exceed 1 N and be large enough to

produce unwanted tooth movement duringretention.

The only significant determinant of the generated

forces was the amount of wire displacement and

not the type of wire used in this study.



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Incidence Of Open Gingival Embrasures After

Mandibular Incisor Extractions: A Clinical

Photographic Evaluation (Flavio et al, AJO-DO

2011;139:49-54)

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study were to

determine the incidence of open gingival embrasures

after a single mandibular incisor extraction and to

investigate whether age, sex, interproximal

pretreatment and post treatment contact location, or

the type of mandibular incisor were predictors of the

incidence and magnitude of open gingival embrasures.



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RESULTS:

The incidence of open gingival embrasures was 68%;

the embrasures were moderately noticeable to very

noticeable in 52% of those patients.

Age, sex, incisor type, and location of interproximal

contact before pretreatment were not predictors of

open gingival embrasures after mandibular incisor

extractions.

An interproximal contact in the incisal third at the end

of treatment was associated with the formation of an

open gingival embrasure.



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Nickel: Periodontal Status And Blood

Parameters In Allergic Orthodontic Patients

(Camila et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:55-9)

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study were to

compare blood parameters and periodontal

characteristics of orthodontic patients allergic to

nickel with those of nonallergic patients and to

determine correlation between blood components and

periodontal abnormalities.



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CONCLUSIONS:

Nickel can have an influence over the periodontal

status of allergic orthodontic patients, causing an

increase in band quantification that was correlated

to gingival index.

Orthodontist should be aware of medical history of

their patients and seek alternative, such as braceswith low nickel content, as well as strictly

monitoring patients dental hygiene.



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Histological Evaluation Of Root Response To

Intrusion In Mandibular Teeth In Beagle Dogs

(Juan et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:60-9)

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this article was to

histologically evaluate root resorption and repair after

orthodontic intrusion with different force magnitudes

and fixed anchorage.

CONCLUSIONS:

1. Light constant intrusive forces between 50 and

200 gm produced similar degrees of resorption.



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2. There was no relationship between root resorption

and position of posterior mandibular teeth in the archand the amount of force applied.

3. The reparative process was seen in 24.14% of lacunae

observed.

4. Roots resorption occurred more frequently at the

apices and interradicular regions.

5. Ankylosis was rare & appeared in association with

cellular cementum repair of lacunae.



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Discrepancy Index Relative To Age, Sex, And

The Probability Of Completing Treatment By

One Resident In A 2 Year Graduate

Orthodontics Program (Sean et al, AJO-DO2011;139:70-3)

INTRODUCTION: The ABO discrepancy index(DI) was

designed to objectively quantify the complexity of a

malocclusion before orthodontic treatment.

THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to assessed the influence of

age and sex on the DI distribution of large mixed

sample of patients.



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An additional objective was to ascertain the

effectiveness of DI for predicting the probability that 1

resident can complete the treatment of themalocclusion in a 24-month residency.

Conclusions:

The DI was found to be reliable for assessing

malocclusion complexity.

It is independent of age, sex, or time when patients

were evaluated It was a significant predictor for patients who

required transfer to second resident for completion

of treatment.


Static Frictional Force And Surface Roughness


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Static Frictional Force And Surface Roughness

Of Various Bracket And Wire Combinations(Umal H et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:74-9)

INTRODUCTION: During sliding mechanics, frictional

resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic

tooth movement, which must be controlled to allow

application of light, continuous forces.

THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to investigate the static

frictional resistance between 3 modern orthodontic

brackets - ceramic with gold-palladium slot, ceramic, andstainless steel & 4 arch wire (0.019 x 0.025-in)stainless

steel, NiTi, TMA, low friction colored TMA.



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CONCLUSIONS:

1. The traditional ceramic bracket showed the

greatest frictional values in all testedcombinations.

2. The ceramic with gold-palladium slot bracket

showed the least frictional values in all

combinations, and it seems to be promising

alternative to solve the problem of friction.

3. TMA wire showed highest, & SS wire showed the

lowest, frictional values.



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4. Frictional values for colored TMA were comparable

with SS wires and thus seem a good alternative to SS

wires during space closure in sliding mechanics.

5. There was a positive correlation between bracket slot

roughness and frictional resistance.

6. No correlation was found between wire roughness and

frictional resistance.


Three year Follow up Of Bimaxillary Surgery To


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Three-year Follow-up Of Bimaxillary Surgery To

Correct Skeletal Class III Malocclusion:

Stability And Risk Factors For Relapse

(Jakobsone et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:80-9)

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to

evaluate long-term skeletal and occlusal stability after

bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal class III

malocclusion.



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CONCLUSIONS:

Bimaxillary surgery resulted in good occlusal

stability.

Maxillary advancement was stable, whereas

relapse of the mandibular set-back varied.

Risk factors for horizontal relapse of the mandible

were large setback and inferior repositioning of

posterior maxilla.



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Dental Health Assessed After Interproximal

Enamel Reduction: Cries Risk In Posterior Teeth

(Zachrisson et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:90-8)

INTRODUCTION: The aim the study to investigate

whether careful interdental enamel reduction (using

extra fine diamond disks with air cooling, followed by

contouring with triangular diamond burs and polishing)

leads to increased caries risk in premolars and first

molars.



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CONCLUSIONS:

Interdental enamel reduction with this protocol did

not result in increased caries risk in posterior teeth.

There is no evidence that proper mesiodistalenamel reduction within recognized limits and in

appropriate situation will cause harm to the teeth

and supporting structures.



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Maxillary Protraction With Miniplates Providing


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Maxillary Protraction With Miniplates Providing

Skeletal Anchorage In A Growing Class III Patient

(Cha et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:99-112)

INTRODUCTION: Maxillary protraction headgear has

been used in treatment of class III malocclusion with

maxillary deficiency. However, loss of dental anchorage

has been reported with tooth-born anchorage such as

lingual arches and expansion devices.

This side effect can be minimized with skeletal anchoragedevice such as implants, onplants, mini-plants, and

miniplates.



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The use of miniplates for maxillary protraction in the

mixed dentition has not been reported in the literature.

This case report describes the treatment of an 8year

old with a class III malocclusion and maxillary

deficiency.

Miniplates were used as skeletal anchorage for

maxillary protraction followed by phase 2 orthodontic

treatment with fixed appliance.



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CONCLUSIONS:

1. Maxillary protraction with miniplates as anchorage is

a viable skeletal anchorage system when critical

anchorage is demanded for orthodontic or orthopedic

treatment.

2. This system is useful in patients in the mixed

dentition, those oligodontia, or older patients when

greater anchorage needed.

3. Undesirable effects of conventional facemask therapy

were either reduced or eliminated with miniplates.



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4. This method is comfortable for patients.

5. Maintenance of good oral hygiene is easy.

6. Appliance does not invade the tongue space.


Efficient Usage Of Implant Anchorage To Treat


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Efficient Usage Of Implant Anchorage To Treat

Over Erupted Maxillary First Molar And Mesially

Inclined Mandibular Molars (Ohura et al, AJO-DO

2011;139-22)

This case report describes a 14-year-old girl had an

over erupted maxillary right first molar, possibly

because of severely inclined mandibular right molars.

Two-step use of miniplate anchorage in the right

zygomatic process was proposed.



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As the first step, the over erupted maxillary first molar

was intruded with elastic chain from the miniplate for

10 months.

Then the maxillary right molars were distalized by

using the miniplate to correct the class II molar

relationship.



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In mandible, the first molar was extruded with

intermaxillary elastic applied from the miniplate tomolar for 7 after the up righting of mandibular right

second molar.

The results suggest that the use of 2-step implant

anchorage is efficient for intrusion and distalization of

maxillary molars and extrusion and uprighting of

mandibular inclined molars.



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8. CLINICIANS CORNER


Accidental Ingestion Of A Fractured Twin Block


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Accidental Ingestion Of A Fractured Twin Block

Appliance (Rohida & Bhad et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:123-5)

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic appliances that become

dislodged can cause problems in the airway or the

gastrointestinal tract.

This article reports the accidental ingestion of a

fractured Twin-Block appliance.

The ease with which removable appliance can become

dislodged if retention is inadequate.



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The following precautions should be taken by the

orthodontist during the use of removable appliance:

1. All components of removable appliances should be

smooth and rounded.

2. Hooked or C-clasps should be avoided if possible or

alternative retentive components used to reduce

the risk of puncturing or irritating the lining of

alimentary canal.3. All removable appliance must be suitably retentive

and of adequate size.



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4. Mandibular removable appliance have a tendency to

fracture from the inadequate bulk of acrylic,

especially in anterior lingual sulcus, so the appliance

can be strengthened in this region by incorporation of

rigid wire in the acrylic.

5. Use a color other than pink (or clear) acrylic for

orthodontic appliance.



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6. Patients should always be advised both verbally and

with written instruction at the time of appliance

placement.

7. The orthodontist & general dentist must be able to

recognize sign and symptoms off air obstruction in

case a dental object is lost in the oropharynx.



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7. Universal sign for chocking is hands clutched to the

throat.

8. If person does not give signal, look for these

indication:

Inability to talk, breath, or noisy breathing.

Skin, lips, and nails turning blue or dusky.

Loss of consciousness.

10. Keep up to date with cardiopulmonary resuscitation

technique.



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9.TECHNO BYTES


Comparison Of Mesiodistal Root Angulation


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Comparison Of Mesiodistal Root Angulation

With Post Treatment Panoramic Radiograph

And Cone-beam Computed Tomography

(Bouwens et al, AJO-DO 2011;126-32)

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontists assess mesiodistal root

angulation before, during and after orthodontic

treatment as an aid in establishing proper root

position.

Panoramic imaging has been useful for this purposeand is a valuable screening tool in diagnosis and

planning treatment of orthodontic patients.



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Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for imaging of

the craniofacial complex creates the opportunity to

evaluate 3-dimensional image compared with traditional2-dimensional image.

CONCLUSIONS:

1. The panoramic radiograph remains a useful screening

instrument for the evaluation of present and missing or

supernumerary teeth, dental age, and eruption

sequence. However, panoramic image provide less

reliable information regarding mesiodistal toothangulations and might exhibit deviations in both mesial

distal directions for all teeth.



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CBCT allows clinicians to obtain 3D image of the

craniofacial complex with similar absorbed doses as

dental radiographs, and the 3D volume renderings

provide a powerful tool for the visualization of root

angulation.

The assessment of mesiodistal tooth angulation with

panoramic radiography should be approached with

caution and reinforced by thorough clinical

examination.



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10. AMERICAN BOARD OF ORTHODONTICS


Common Errors In Preparing For And


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Common Errors In Preparing For And

Completing The American Board Of

Orthodontics Clinical Examination (English et al,AJO-DO;139:136-7)

The 3 components of ABO clinical examination are:

1. Case Report Examination

2. Case Report Oral Examination

3. The Board Case Oral Examination

Since most error occur in the Case ReportExamination & Case Report Oral Examination.



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The discrepancy index (DI) is first measured by the

examiner for each case.

The most common deficiencies found in The Cast

Radiograph Evaluation.

Cephalometric tracing errors are also common.



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It is important to know the particular bracket system

used in case treatment and why it was chosen.

Adequate periodontal documentation for all adult, as

well as younger patients if the diagnostic records were

produced after March 1, 2007.


THANK YOU


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THANK YOU

ajo-do 2011 jan issue

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