active & passive showw

7/28/2019 Active & Passive Showw

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What is the difference

between the active and thepassive voice?


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In an sentence using the active voice, the subject of the

sentence does the action.Example Active:

The explorers climbed the tallest mountain in the range.

In a sentence using the passive voice, the subject of the

sentence receives the action.

Example Passive:

The tallest mountain in the range was climbed by the

explorers.


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When do we use it?

When we want to say that the subject of a

sentence is doing the action, we use the verb

of that sentence in its Active form

Example:

A man is cutting down a tree. (Active)

A man = subject, doing the action (cutting)


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When we want to say that the subject of a sentence is notdoing anything but is allowing something to be done to it

by somebody else, we use the Passive Voice form

Example:

A tree is being cut down by a man. (Passive)

A tree = subject, not doing anything, but allowing a manto cut it.

When the agent is unknown

Example:

Flats are so ldby unknown. (Passive)


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To make the object of the active verb more

important

Example:

America was discovered in 1492 by Christopher

Columbus. (Passive)

When the description of the agent is very long

Example:A charity record has been made by many famous

names in the world of pop music. (Passive)


9/43General Structure

BE(is/was/havebeen, etc) +

pastparticiple

Example:

We made a mistake. (Passive)A mistake was made by us.(Passive)


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Active-Passive -example 1

The boy is carrying the girl. (Active)

The boy = subject

is carrying = verb

the girl = object of the verb

The boy is doing the action of carrying


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Active-Passive -example 2

The girl is being carried by the boy.(Passive)

The girl = subjectis being carried = verbby = prepositionthe boy = object of the preposition by

the boy is doing the action of carrying(object) NotThe girl (subject)


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The subject of the Active sentence

becomes the object of the preposition inthe Passive sentence!

Example:

Johny reads a book every day. (Active)Johny is the subject of the Active sentence.

A book is read every day byJohny. (Passive)

by Johny is object of the preposition by


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Example:

Johny readsa book every day.

(Active)

reads are verb of the Active sentence

A book is readevery day by Johny.(Passive)


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THEOBJECTOFTHEVERBINTHE ACTIVE

SENTENCEBECOMESTHESUBJECTOFTHE

PASSIVESENTENCE.

Example:

Johny reads a bookevery day. (Active)a book is object of the verb

A bookis read every day by Johny.(Passive)

A book is subject of the passive sentence.


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Example:

He cooks food. (Active )

food is object of the verb (singular)

Foodis cooked by him. (Passive)

Food is subject of the passive sentence(singular), so is cooked is verb (singular)

When the subject of a sentence issingular, the verb must also be in

singular


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When the subject of a sentence is

Plural, the verb of that sentence must

be Plural

Example:

He carried some books. (Active)some books are object of the verb in Active

(Plural)

Some books werecarried by him. (Passive)

were carried is verb (plural)


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Example:

She has signed ten letters.(Active)ten letters are object of the verb

in Active (plural)

Ten letters have been signed byher. (Passive)Ten letters are subject (plural)


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Simple Present Tense

MainVerb -> Is/are + PastParticiple

Example:

She bakes cakes. (Active)

bakes is verb

Cakes are baked by her. (Passive)

are baked is verb


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PRESENT CONTINUES TENSE

-Is/are + Verb(ing) -> Is/are + Being + PastParticiple

Example:

He is building a sand castle. (Active)is building is verb

A sand castle is being built by him. (Passive)

is being built is verb


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Present Perfect Tense

Have/has + Verb(participle) -> Have/has +Been + PastParticiple

Example:

He has drawn a picture. (Active)has drawn is verb

A picture has been drawn by him. (Passive)has been drawn is verb


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Present Perfect Continues

TenseAccording to the traditional grammarrules, the present perfect continues

tense is not used in PASSIVE VOICEFORM; however, in the contemporaryEnglish, there are occasions wherethe present perfect continues tense isused in the Passive Voice.

Example:

He has been mowing the lawn. (Active)The lawn has been being mowedby him. (Passive)


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Simple Past Tense- Main Verb -> Was/were + PastParticiple

Example:

She told me a secret. (Active)told is verb

A secretwas told (to) me by her. (Passive)was told is verb


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Was/were + Verb(ing) -> Was/were +Being + PastParticiple

Example:

The postman was deliveringthe post.(Active)was delivering is verb

The post was being delivered by thepostman. (Passive)was being delivered is verb


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Past Perfect Tense

Had + Verb(participle) -> Had + Been +

PastParticiple

Example:

She had eaten several peas before she offered himany. (Active)

had eaten is verb

Several peas had been eaten by her before she

offered him any. (Passive)

had been eaten is verb


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Past Perfect Continuous Tense

According to the traditional grammar rules, thepast perfect continuous tense is not used inPassive form; however, in the contemporaryEnglish, there are occasions where the past

perfect continuous tense is used in the PassiveForm, too!

Example:

He had been writing letters for half an hour before

somebody called him out. (Active)

Letters had been being written for half an hour (byhim) before somebody called him out. (Passive)


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- Will + MainVerb -> Will +be + Past Participle

Example:

They will give the beggar some money. (Active)will give is verb

The beggar will be given some money by them.(Passive)

will be given is verb

Simple Future Tense


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FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

According to the traditional grammarrules, the future continuous tense in the

Active is not used in Passive Voice Form.

Example:

They will be playing with fireworks by the

time their father reaches home. (Active)

will be playing is verb

NO PASSIVE


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Future Perfect Tense

Example:

Sue will have sewn two dresses by 12 O clock.

(Active)

will have sewn is verb

Two dresses will have been sewnby 12 Oclock by Sue. (Passive)

will have been sewn is verb


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According to the traditional grammar rules, the

future perfect continuous tense is not used in the

Passive Voice Form:Example:

Youwill have been working on the course

material for 2 hours by 6 in the evening.will have been working is verb

NO PASSIVE


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The Modal Auxiliary (helping)

Modal + Verb(participle) -> Modal+ Be + past participleExample:They can pick a number. (Active)A number can be picked by them.(Passive)

We must finishthis job. (Active)This job must be finished by us.(Passive)


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Modal + Have + Verb(participle) ~>

Modal + Have + Been + PastParticiple

Example:

Somebody should have cleaned this

room. (Active)

This room should have been cleaned.

(Passive)


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Examples:

(Active): I do not like people telling me

what to do.

(Passive): I do not like being told what to

do.

(Active): They dont like people asking themquestions.

(Passive): They dont like being asked

uestions.


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It is said that -> He is said toExamples:

Jane works very hard It is said

that Jane works 16 hours a day.(Active)

Jane works very hard She is saidto work 16 hours a day. (Passive)


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Get

It describes the subject of the sentences.

Examples:

-The window was broken by some kids who

were playing ball.

The window gotbroken.

-The glasswas shattered by a baseball.

The glass gotshattered.


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BE SUPPOSED TO

Used to talk about an activity or eventthat is expected to occur.

Examples:

It is supposed to rain today.

(idea: people expect it to rain today)

Alice was supposed to be home at ten.

(idea: someone expected Alice to behome at ten)


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Sometimes the passive voice is appropriate in astory because it is used to describe a person

being affected by events, just like in thispassage:

Example:

In the middle of the night Sebastian waswoken by the most hideous scream. He

jerked upright and his eyes sprang open. He

was even more terrified by what he sawthen. His flesh turned to goose bumps andhis very blood curdled. His body was gripped

by a paroxysm of horror.


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When there are two objects of the verb

in the active voice sentence, we can

change that active sentence into passive

in two way : using the first object in one

sentence and the second object in theother.

NOTE 1


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Note 2

In writing the Passive Voice, in most cases,the prepositionby or with and itsobject are not used, because they are

understood:

Example:The cook made me an omelette. (Active)

An omelette was made for me .(Passive)


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Example:

The teacher teaches youa lesson. (Active)

you object of the verb / a lesson object

of the verb

(A)You are taught a lesson by the teacher.

(Passive)(B)A lesson is taught to you by the teacher.

(Passive)


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Note 3

Transitive and Intransitif

Transitive verbs: only transitive verb

can be used in the passive. A

transitive verb is a verb that is

followed by an object.

Example:

S V OBob mailed the letter. (active)

The leter was mailed by BOB. (passive)


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Intransitive verbs: An intransitive

verb is a verb that is not followed

by an object. An intransitive verb

CANNOT be used in the passive.

Example:S V

An accident happened. (active)Not possible (passive)


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