active passive

SARDAR BAHADUR KHAN WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY QUETTAENGLISH DEPARTMENT7TH SEMESTER(2015)

Voice is the medium of communication through which we correspond……

What is voice?

The voices of verb is defined as the quality of verb thatindicates whether its subject acts or is acted upon.It has two types: 1. The active voice2. The passive voice.

IN TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR

ACTIVE VOICE The active voice is the "normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb OR when we talk in general is called active voice.

He sweeps the room.

Example:

SHE IS EATING RICE

PASSIVE VOICEThe passive voice is less usual. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb. We use the passive voice when we want to make the active object more important. OR official language is called passive voice.

INDEFINITE CONTINIOUS PERFECT

PRESENT Is,Are,Am Is,Are,Am being Has, have been

PAST Was ,Were Was, Were being

Had been

FUTURE Will be Not changeable Will have been

HELPING VERBS FOR PASSIVE VOICE

TENSES WHICH ARE CHANGEABLE There are eight tenses which are

changeable present indefinite tense present continuous tense present perfect tense past indefinite tense past continuous tense past perfect tense future indefinite tense future perfect tense

TENSES WHICH ARE NOT CHANGEABLE

Four types of tenses are not changeable present perfect continuous tense past perfect continuous tense future perfect continuous tense future continuous tense

RULES FOR PASSIVE VOICE There are some rules to change the active

voice into passive voice. The subject of active voice changes into

object of passive voice The object of active voice changes into

subject of passive voice Subjective case of personal pronoun

changes into objective case of personal pronoun(he, she, they = him,her,them)

Objective case of personal pronoun changes into subjective case of personal pronoun(him ,her ,them = he, she ,they )

Helping verb is used according the subject of passive voice.3rd form of the verb is used(past participle) Two member of BE family is not used in one sentence Universal truth and intransitive verbs are not changeableBy phrase is used where it is necessary(agent)

EXAMPLES1.PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

She writes a letter A letter is written by her.

They drive a car A car is driven by them

2.PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE


She is writing a letter A letter is being written by her

They are driving a car A car is being driven by them

3.PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

She has written a letter A letter has been written by her

They have driven a car A car has been driven by them

4.PAST INDEFINITE TENSE


He read the book The book was read by him

We completed the task The task was completed by us

5.PAST CONTINIOUS TENSE


He was reading the book The book was being read by him

We were completing the task The task was being completed by us

6.PAST PERFECT TENSE


He had read the book The book had been read by him

We had completed the task The task had been completed by us

7.FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE


I will help him He will be helped by me

You will push her She will be pushed by you

8.FUTURE PERFECT TENSE


I will have helped him He will have been helped by me

You will have pushed her She will have been pushed by you.

CASES OF PASSIVE VOICE


I paint my car My car is painted by me

Rabia sings a song A song is sung by Rabia


I do not paint my car My car is not painted by me

Rabia does not sing a song A song is not sung by Rabia.

SIMPLE CASE

NEGATIVE CASE


Do I paint my car? Is my car painted by me?

Does Rabia sing a song? Is a song sung by Rabia?


When did you speak English? When was English spoken by you?

Who teased Saima? By whom was saima tease?

Who do we obey? Who was obeyed by us?

INTERROGATIVE CASE

WH QUESTION CASE


Sadia can ride a motor bike A motor bike can be ridden by Sadia

Masood may wash the dishes The dishes may be washed by Masood


Ayesha always hands in her assignment on time.

The assignment is always handed in by Ayesha on time

Sarwer picked up her bag Her bag was picked up by Sarwer.

MODEL AUXILIARY VERB CASE

PHRASAL VERB CASE


Sir mehmood makes us present our presentation

We are made present our presentation by Sir mehmood

Maliha has helped me to make tea

I have been helped to make tea by Maliha.


Asia loves to eat green chili. Asia loves green chili to be eaten.

They believe him to be dangerous

He is believed to be dangerous

CAUSITIVE VERB CASE

INFINITIVE CASE


Open the door Let the door be opened

Cut the vegetable Let the vegetable be cut


Somebody has stolen sayeda’s note book.

Sayeda’s note book has been stolen.

Everyone should pay attention in the class

Attention should be payed in the class

IMPERATIVE CASE

INDEFINITE CASE

EXAMPLES

SAMPLE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SENTENCES

Passive Active

My shoes were ruined by the rain. The rain ruined my shoes.

My homework was eaten by the dog. The dog ate my homework.

Dinner was burned by Dad. Dad burned dinner.

Her condition was improved by medication. Medication improved her condition.

We were made more miserable by the heat. The heat made us more miserable.

He itched due to a mosquito bite. The mosquito bite made him itch.

Many patients were seen by the doctor. The doctor saw many patients.

We lost the game due to the pitcher's error. The pitcher's error lost us the game.

They were driven here by Sue. Sue drove them here.

We were directed by him. He directed us.

ACTIVE VOICE Try out this example first. Look at this sentence: "The thief smashedthe

window." The red section, "The thief," is the subject of the sentence, or the one doing the action. The purple section, "smashed," is the verb, or action. The blue section, "the window," is the object: something is happening to it. Keep reading for more explanation, and look back at this example sentence to follow along.

Understand the subject of an active sentence. In an active sentence, the subject is whatever does something. It can be a person, a place, a thing, or even an idea. Here are some examples, with the subject in red: Every morning, the sun rises. The tall woman will brush her teeth. Your bravery saved the town.

ACTIVE VOICEFind the verbs in active sentences. In active sentences, the verb describes what the subject does. It can also describe what the subject did in the past, or will do in the future. Here are some examples, with the verb colored purple:

The tree grew very tall. My enemy is planning his attack.

Learn about the object of the sentence. In many active sentence, but not all of them, an action is done to something else. Here are examples, with the object colored blue: The dog ate the meat. The explorers discovered a new river

ACTIVE VOICE Figure out how to tell the subject and object apart. If you're not sure

whether something is the subject or object, find yourself the verb and ask yourself "What is (verb)-ing?" to find the subject.[1] Ask "What is being (verb)ed?" to find the object. Here's an example of a tricky sentence, step by step: "Everything in the world irritates her." Find the verb. The only word that describes an action is "irritates",

so "irritates" must be the verb. Find the subject. What is irritating? "Everything in the world" is

irritating, so the entire phrase "Everything in the world" is the subject.

Find the object. What is being irritated? The person described as "her" is being irritated, so "her" is the object

http://www.wikihow.com/Understand-the-Difference-Between-Passive-and-Active-Sentences#_note-1

PASSIVE SENTENCES Look at this example. "The ball is thrown by the athlete." In this

passive sentence, the subject is "The ball". The verb, "was thrown", describes what happened to the ball. The agent, the thing that did the action, is "the athlete".

Understand the subject of a passive sentence. The subject of a passive sentence is having something done to it. This can be any noun: a person, place, thing, or idea. Here are some examples, with the subject written in red: This essay was written last year. The delicious dinner was cooked by a professional cook. Elephants are protected from hunters by international law

PASSIVE SENTENCES Understand the verb in a passive sentence. In a passive

sentence, something happens to the subject. The verb is the action that happens. It begins with a "to be" verb (for example, "is," "was," "were," "has been," "will have been"), then a verb in a past tense. Here are some examples with the verb colored purple:The city was destroyed by the meteor.All the ice cream had been eaten already.The music was played beautifully.

Find the agent in a passive sentence. Many passive sentences do not include the agent at all. If an agent is present, it describes what did the action. It usually comes at the end of the sentence, after the word "by." Here are some examples, with the agent colored brown:The child was raised by her mother.World War I was started by an assassin.

EASIEST WAY TO IDENTIFY PASSIVE VOICE Look for a passive verb. Passive verbs include a form of "to be" as well as a past

tense verb. For example, "was bitten" or "been blessed." This is one of the easiest ways to tell a passive sentence apart, but the next step is also useful for figuring out difficult sentences, and becoming familiar with how passive and active sentences work.

Rephrase the sentence and look at word order. Read the sentence, think about what it means, and try to describe the topic as an active sentence: "someone that did something." If the order of words is the same as the original sentence, the sentence is active. If you had to change the order, the sentence is probably passive. Here are some examples: "The flower bloomed every night." This sentence is about "a flower that bloomed."

You didn't have to change the sentence to say that, so it's an active sentence. "The river was crossed by the oxen. This sentence is about "oxen that crossed a

river." You had to change the order of the nouns (river and oxen), so the original sentence is passive.

"The book was written two hundred years ago." This sentence is about "Someone that wrote a book." You had to add a whole new noun (someone) to guess at who did the writing! The original sentence is definitely passive.

THANK YOU

active passive

Education

object of passive voice

normal voice

object of active voice

active object

quality of verb

voices of verb

subject acts

types of tenses