ACTIVE LISTENING SKILLS“Be InterestED not InterestING”

DO1. Let the other party dominate the discussion2. Be attentive, interested and alert to what they’re saying3. Ask open-ended questions4. Be sensitive to any emotions expressed5. Be a “mirror” – reflect back to the other party the substance and feelings being expressed6. Provide limited but encouraging responses that carry the speaker's idea one step forward7. Act as a sounding board for the speaker to bounce ideas and feelings off of8. Provide brief, noncommittal acknowledging responses, ("Uh-huh," "I see.")9. Give nonverbal acknowledgements (head nodding, facial expressions, open and relaxed body posture, eye contact)10. Invite the speaker to say more, e.g., "Tell me about it," "I'd like to hear about that."

DON’T1. Discount the speaker's feelings by using stock phrases like "It's not that bad," or "You'll feel better tomorrow."2. Ask too many questions – it can feel like you’re "grilling" the speaker3. Interrupt4. Change the subject or move in a new direction5. Rehearse in your own head6. Interrogate7. Teach or preach8. Give advice9. Judge10. “One-up” the speaker’s stories – save it for later

Specific Active Listening Skills

Attending, acknowledging: Provide verbal or nonverbal awareness of the other person, (i.e., eye contact, nodding, smiling)

Restating, paraphrasing: Respond to the speaker’s basic verbal message by rewording and seeking positive reinforcement that you understood correctly (“So do you mean that...”)

Reflecting: Reflect back feelings, experiences, or content that you’ve heard or perceived through cues (“Wow, it seems like that made you feel...”)

Interpreting: Offer a tentative interpretation about the other's feelings, desires, or meanings (“Does that mean that you...?” or “You must have been angry, how did you respond?”)

Summarizing, synthesizing: Bring together in some way the feelings and experiences the speaker has described, thereby providing a focus (“From that whole story, it sounds like this whole year has been pretty amazing!”)

Probing: Question in a supportive way that requests more information or that attempts to clear up confusions (“Wait, I don’t think I understood that last part, did you mean that...”)

Giving feedback: Share perceptions of the other's ideas or feelings; disclosing relevant personal information (“I know how you felt, something similar happened to me once and the experience also made me...” – but don’t “one-up”)

Supporting: Show warmth and caring in your own individual way

Checking perceptions: Find out if your interpretations and perceptions are valid and accurate (“That makes me think that maybe you’re experiencing some problems with your operations and processes, does that sound right?”)

Being quiet: Give the other person time to think as well as to talk

Adapted from: Pickering, Marisue, "Communication" in EXPLORATIONS, A Journal of Research of the University of Maine, Vol. 3, No. 1, Fall 1986, pp 16-19.

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