Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders

Session 6 : Current Development and Issues in Global Internet Governance

Sherly Haristya & ANG Peng Hwa

Nanyang Technological University sherly001@ntu.edu.sg; tphang@ntu.edu.sg

Internet Governance

Organized by UN Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication

Technology for Development (UN-APCICT)

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Agenda

Learning Objective: To give an overview of some of the latest developments and issues in global Internet governance.

Learning Outcome: To be aware some of the lat-est developments and issues in global Internet governance.

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Agenda

NETmundialNETmundial InitiativeInternet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

TransitionWorld Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)

+10

What are at stakes from the above initiatives and processes.

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The Interconnection

The formation of ICANN in 1998

WSIS 2003

The formation of WGIG

WSIS 2005

The formation of IGF

IANA transition

NETmundial

NETmundial Initiative

WSIS +10

Culmination in IGF 2013 – Snowden Revelation

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NETmundial

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Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance

(NETmundial)

Source: http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmld2014/D44048.htm

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The Stage Setting

24 Sept 2013: The speech by Dilma Rousseff at 69th UNGAOct 2013: CEO of ICANN visited Rousseff

7 Oct 2013: Montevideo Statement22-25 Oct 2013: Culmination in IGF Bali, In-

donesiaThe early idea of this meeting was announced here

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The Stage Setting

“The reports about large-scale monitoring of Internet traffic and users does disturb us, but we at the IETF

are taking this as a wake-up call.”

“A major issue that has arisen over the past year is that of surveillance of the In-ternet.”

“Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the growing thread of unwarranted government surveillance across

the globe deserves our attention.”

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The Stage Setting

24 Sept 2013: The speech by Dilma Rousseff at 68th UNGAOct 2013: CEO of ICANN visited Rousseff

7 Oct 2013: Montevideo Statement by I* group22-25 Oct 2013: Culmination in IGF Bali, In-

donesiaThe early idea of this meeting was announced here

Dec 2013: The creation of 1net

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The Process

1. OrganizersBrazil (through CGI.br - Brazilian Internet Steering

Committee)and …

Source: http://netmundial.br/

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The Process

2. The formation of four committees & secretariat

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The Process

3. Open call for content contribution 180 contributions from 46 countries

4. The drafting of initial outcome document

5. Online public consultation1370 comments

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The Process

6. 23 – 24 Apr 2014: the days1480 stakeholders (incl. remote participation) from 97

nationsOpen mic and remote participationFinal text revision

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NETmundial – The Days

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Networks of Civil Society

The Internet Governance Civil Society Co-ordi-nation Group (CSCG) – “coalition of coalitions”:Internet Governance CaucusAssociation for Progressive CommunicationsBest BitsNon-Commercial Stakeholder Group (NCSG) Diplo FoundationJust Net CoalitionCivicusIndependent Chair: Ian Peter

Since 2013

Since 2014

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Pre-NETmundial Civil Society Coordination Meeting

Source: https://internetrightsandprinciples.wordpress.com/tag/netmundial/

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Pre-NETmundial Civil Society Coordination MeetingParticipants:

Over 90 civil society groups from around the world

Aims: To facilitate civil society viewsTo feed them into discussions at NETmundial & beyond

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Pre-NETmundial Civil Society Coordination MeetingAgenda:

To set points of consensusTo discuss strategic actionTo distill key messages:

Human rightsOpen, decentralized, & interoperable web architec-

tureOpen, inclusive, democratic, & decentralized multi-

stakeholder model of Internet governance

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The NETmundial Document

The output is a nonbinding document.The meeting was initiated as a response to the

revelation of mass surveillance, but the output covers more than surveillance issue.

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The NETmundial Document

Summary of the document:Internet Governance Principles

Human Rights & Shared Values: 6 points Internet InfrastructureInternet Governance Process Principles: 11 pointsOpen Standards

Protection of IntermediariesCulture and Language DiversityUnified and Unfragmented SpaceSecurity, Stability and Resilience

of the InternetOpen and Distributed ArchitectureEnabling Environment for Sus-

tainable Innovation and Creativity

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The NETmundial Document

Summary of the document:Roadmap for the Future Evolution of the Internet

GovernanceI. Issues that deserve attention of all stakeholders in

the future evolution of Internet governanceII. Issues dealing with institutional improvementsIII. Issues dealing with specific Internet Governance

topicsIV. Points to be further discussed beyond NETmundialV. Way Forward

The need to retain the focus on development in the In-ternet governance ecosys-tem

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The Legitimacy of NETmundial

To the large extent:A watershed moment Successful celebration of MS modelDeveloping new approach in global policy making

The criticisms of the status quo of the IGF con-tributed to the above views.

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The Legitimacy of NETmundial

Some countriesChina, India, and Russia disagreed with the multi-

stakeholder approach adopted at the NETmundial.

(India however currently posted a video supported multi-stakeholder approach in ICANN 53 meeting)

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The Legitimacy of NETmundial

Two different responses from civil society:Appreciating NETmundial multi-stakeholder processSeeking for stronger text

Source: http://tinyurl.com/pq62pb2Source: http://tinyurl.com/q6sk7uc

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Summary

NETmundial shows the workability of multi-stake-holder approach in the global Internet governanceWorldwide stakeholders could come up with statements

that can be agreed upon

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Exercise

In many parts of the world, civil society groups are pushing to limit the government’s role in surveil-lance. What are your views of surveillance in Iran?

Should/can surveillance by the US Government be limited by some form of international agreement?

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NETmundial

Initiative (NMI)

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Brief Background of NMI

Three initiatorsICANN, World Economic Forum (WEF), CGI.br

Mission“To provide a platform that helps catalyze practical

cooperation between all stakeholders in order to ad-dress Internet issues and advance the implementation of the NETmundial Principle”

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NMI’s Scope of Activities

NMI is to complement the work of IGFNMI is not a policy-making body

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NMI’s Scope of Activities

Activities of NMI1. Promote the NETmundial Principles

2. Impartial clearinghouse for Internet governance re-lated information

3. Platform for collaborative relationships

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NMI’s Scope of Activities

Activities of NMI4. Collaborative processes to address challenges as id

entified by community

5. Facilitate participation of stakeholders from developing world, and advance multistakeholder processes

at global, regional, and national levels

6. Assist stakeholders from developing country to address gaps in policy development

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Brief Background of NMI

Relaunched due to criticisms for lacking of transparency and inclusion:ISOCJust Net CoalitionInternet Governance Civil Society Coordination Group

(CSCG)

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The Criticisms

ISOC:… there is no single, global platform that can serve to coordinate, organize or govern all the Internet issues that may arise…

… the Internet Society cannot agree to participate in or endorse the Coordination Council for the NETmundial Ini-tiative…

… the NETmundial Initiative is being formed does not ap-pear to be consistent with the Internet Society’s long-standing principles, including: bottom-up orientation, decen-tralized, open, transparent, accountable, multi-stakeholder.

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The Criticisms

Just Net Coalition:This is the first time that such a corporate-led venue – although sold as “multistakeholder”, “open”, and “voluntary” … is posi-tioned as being 'the' mechanism for global governance in a specific sector…

The Just Net Coalition rejects firmly and forcefully the transfer of global governance prerogatives to corporate led initiatives such as the NMI, because such initiatives are not consistent with democracy.

We appeal to the large section of Internet governance civil society that has consented to participate in the WEF's NetMundial Initiative to withdraw from supporting corporate-led governance models …

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The Criticisms

CSCGIn the end we have decided to facilitate the involvement of those from civil society who do wish to apply for membership of the Coor-dination Council,

while acknowledging…and respecting that our colleagues from Just Net Coalition have taken that position and will not be partici-pating with us in this exercise.

Although we will work with the NETmundial Initiative’s organising partners…, we also outline five simple conditions that we believe representatives are likely to affirm…

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The Current Development

The Coordination Council of the NMI (NMI.CC)23 members (5 continents & 4 stakeholder

groups)

30 June 15: Meeting of NMI.CCElected five Co-Chairs

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The Co-Chairs

Jack Ma – Alibaba's CEO

Fadi Chehade – ICANN’s CEO

Source: https://www.netmundial.org/council

Virgilio Almeida – Brazilian's Minister

Eileen Donahoe – Human Rights

Watch

Marilia Maciel – Center of Techno-logy and Society

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The Current Development

30 June 15: Meeting of NMI.CC adopted key documents:Terms of Reference (ToR)

This document most importantly covers the scope of activ-ities of the initiative

Council's Governance and Operational Framework

This document arranges “the role, responsibilities, and working methods of the Council and its members.”

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Some Initiative Submissions

Solutions Map Friends of the IGFDeliberative Polling on Internet Governance

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Summary

The NMI uncovers the so called multi-stake-holder approach.

There are needs and interests:to move from Internet governance principles into real

actionsto address the gap between global, regional, and na-

tional Internet governance efforts.

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Exercise: Participation in Global IG

Should Iran participate in the global Internet governance efforts at this time?

What are the benefits of participating?What are the disadvantages of not participating?

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IANA Transition

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Structural Overview – Current Contract

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ICANN

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers):1970s: ARPANet research project (US government

funded Department of Defense network)1998: US Department of Commerce created ICANN

as a private non-profit organization under California law

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NTIA

National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is an agency of the US Department of Commerce.

NTIA currently contracts with ICANN to carry out IANA functions.

NTIA performs a process check before authoriz-ing changes to the authoritative root zone file.