Renewables in Remote Microgrids Yellowknife

ABB – September, 2015

Renewables in Remote MicrogridsStories of success, challenges and perseverance

“For every successful renewable microgrid project you hear about today and tomorrow, there are just as many historical shipwrecks of good intention”

Famous quote, William RM Galton, 2015 Renewables in Remote Microgrids conference, Yellowknife.

Renewables in Remote MicrogridsStories of success, challenges and perseverance

Return on investmentRenewable intermittencyEnvironmental issuesLogistical issuesUnproven technologies

Renewables in Remote MicrogridsStories of challenges

What do you get when you add

+ +

Logistical nightmare!

Renewables in Remote MicrogridsStories of challenges

McChord Field is home to a wide variety of units and missions. The 62nd Airlift Wing is the active duty wing on McChord Field. They fly C-17 Globemaster IIIs to provide combat airlift for America.

Renewables in Remote MicrogridsStories of challenges – Ross Island, Antarctica

40 foot frequency converter being delivered by C-17 in Ross Island

Renewables in Remote MicrogridsStories of challenges

Renewables in Remote MicrogridsStories of perseverance

1990 1998 2001 2007 2010

NapperbyNorthern Territory

DenhamWestern Australia

MawsonAntarctica

Coral Bay Western Australia

Marble Bar & Nullagine Western

Australia

Automation of Diesel Power

Station(Battery System)

Wind/Diesel Wind/Grid Stabilising

Wind/Diesel/Flywheel

Solar/Diesel/ Flywheel

0% Penetration

15% Penetration

85% Penetration

95% Penetration

100% Penetration

Penetration means peak penetration, i.e. peak renewable energy as percentage of total energy generated

Inherent volatility of renewable energy can compromise grid stability

The renewable energy integration solution must address requirements traditionally fulfilled by diesel generation (base load)

Frequency and voltage control

Sufficient spinning reserve

Sufficient active and reactive power supply

Peak shaving and load levelling

Load sharing between generators

Fault current provision

Renewable energy generation capacity should be sized to maximize ROI and fuel savings

Renewable energy integration challengesManaging power output fluctuations

ROI: Return on investment

Grid stabilizing: PowerStore-Flywheel System

18 MWs FlywheelInverters 500– 1,500 kVA

Power 3,600 RPM

MG

440Vac60-120Hz

440Vac50/60Hz

Reactive

Real

Power

Real

Power

FixedFrequency

VariableFrequency

2.9T1,800 -

GridConverter

FlywheelConverter

ECMS

SCADA, System Control

Features:

High power; low energy

High Duty Cycle

Services:

Grid Stabilization & Frequency Regulation

Reactive Power Support & Voltage Regulation

Spinning Reserve

Voltage reference for inverter-only system

Virtual Generator (Grid Forming)

PowerStore operates like a diesel/gas synchronous generator with

Isochronous/droop Frequency & Voltage Control

Proportional kW loadsharing

Proportional kvar loadsharing

Proportional energy sharing

Fault ride through & fault current

Standalone or parallel operation with other generators

Grid Support (Grid Following)

PowerStore responds to frequency and voltage changes in the network

Frequency & Voltage support

Fault ride through

External Power/Reactive power setpoint

Parallel operation with other generators

PowerStore Control Modes

Grid Stabilizing versus Energy Storage The 7S Applications in Microgrids

Application Time Frame Energy Power

1 Standalone (diesel off) millisec low high

2 Stabilize (f,V support) seconds low high

3 Statcom (Power Quality) seconds zero high

4 Spinning Reserve seconds/minutes medium high

5 Smoothing (Renewable Energy) minutes medium medium

6 Shaping (Peak Lopping) minutes/hours medium Low

7 Shifting (Load levelling) hours high low

Renewables in Remote MicrogridsStories of success

Working with the community

- Where possible providing jobs during install and commissioning

- Where possible skilling up and training local communities for ongoing roles (maintenance, ESO’s)

- Getting school kids (future custodians) involved throughout the project and teaching them the benefits that renewables bring to their community

Diesel offset i.e. reduction in OPEX

Reducing transport and storage of fossil fuels

References – Ancillary power system servicesKodiak Island, grid stabilizing system

Project nameKodiak Island

LocationAlaska, USA

CustomerKodiak Electric Association

Completion dateCompleted in 2015

ABB solution

Delivered two 1MW PowerStore-flywheel units to stabilize the power grid and increase renewable energy

Customer benefits Help to manage the intermittencies from a 9 MW wind farm Provide voltage and frequency support for a new crane Extend the life of the battery systems Reduced reliance on diesel generators

Two PowerStores act in parallel in order to deliver optimal grid stabilization on Kodiak island

“Not only will the ABB PowerStores allow us to shave the peaks off our cranes’ load, it will also reduce the stresses placed on our battery systems and extend their lifespans, which was a key deciding factor to move forward with this project.” Darron Scott, president and CEO of Kodiak Electric Association

About the project

Kodiak IslandWind Farm fluctuation mitigation

59.3

59.4

59.5

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59.7

59.8

59.9

60

60.1

60.2

60.3

60.4

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60.7

-700

-600

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1:45:00 1:45:30 1:46:00 1:46:30 1:47:00 1:47:30 1:48:00 1:48:30 1:49:00 1:49:30 1:50:00

Freq

uenc

y [H

z]

Pow

er [k

W]

Time [hh:mm:ss]

Wind Regulation [Jul 24, 01:47] PS #1 -Power Output

PS #2 -Power Output

SystemFrequency

FrequencySetpoint

Kodiak IslandResponse to Wind Turbine Trip

57.657.757.857.958.058.158.258.358.458.558.658.758.858.959.059.159.259.359.459.559.659.759.859.960.060.160.2

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

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2000

4:31:30 4:32:00 4:32:30 4:33:00 4:33:30 4:34:00 4:34:30 4:35:00 4:35:30 4:36:00 4:36:30

Freq

uncy

[Hz]

Pow

er [k

W]

Time [hh:mm:ss]

Wind Turbine Trip Response (Aug 30)

Total PS Power

Frequency

Kodiak IslandWind Farm, WTG Trip regulation

59.4

59.5

59.6

59.7

59.8

59.9

60

60.1

60.2

60.3

60.4

60.5

60.6

60.7

60.8

60.9

61

61.1

61.2

61.3

61.4

3000

3500

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4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

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8000

15:03:30 15:03:40 15:03:50 15:04:00 15:04:10 15:04:20

Time [hh:mm:ss]

Freq

uenc

y [H

z]

Pow

er [k

W]

Wind Farm, WTG trip (Aug 30)

WF Power

Net WF + PSPower

Frequency

References – Integrated wind or PV plantRoss Island, Wind/Diesel

Project nameRoss IslandCountryRoss Island, AntarcticaCustomerNew Zealand’s Antarctic Division USA McMurdo Station Completion date2009

ABB solution

Integration of wind turbines into the microgrid with PowerStore grid-stabilization and Microgrid Plus System

Implement a frequency converter to connect a 50Hz network to a 60Hz one

The resulting system consists of: Diesel (9 x 125kW), WTG (3 x 330kW), PowerStore-flywheel (1 x 500kW), Microgrid Plus System, frequency converter

Customer benefits Minimize diesel consumption

Reduced environmental risk of transporting diesel

463,000 litres of diesel fuel saved annually

2,800 tonnes CO2 avoided annually

Up to 70% wind power peak penetration

About the project

Integration of the southernmost wind farm in the world into a dual 50 and 60Hz microgrid

Project References

Stage 2 plans are to increase the number of wind turbines, creating a high penetration system

Ross Island, Wind/Diesel System Antarctica

Customer Horizon Power Office of Energy, Government of Western Australia

Key objectives Minimize diesel consumption Reliable and stable power supply

Project ReferencesMarble Bar, Western Australia – Solar/Diesel System

ABB solution Implement a solar microgrid with PowerStore grid-

stabilizing technology and microgrid automation

System Specifications 4 x 320kW Diesel Generators 1 x 300kW Solar PV Farm 1 x 500kW PowerStore grid stabilizing system

182,000 liters of fuel saved annually 1,100 tonnes CO2 avoided annually 60% of energy supplied from PV plant

PowerStore Grid Stabilizing GeneratorSmooths PV output variations

PowerStore Grid Stabilizing GeneratorLoss of diesel genset – Spinning Reserve / Step Load

References – Integrated wind or PV plantLaing O’Rourke, Solar/Diesel

Project nameLaing O’Rourke Construction CampCountryRemote Queensland, AustraliaCustomerLaing O’RourkeCompletion date2015

Customer benefits Expected diesel fuel saving is 88,865 litres per year Scalable MicrogridPlus solution adapted for redeployment

of semi portable hybrid system & extendable with energy storage

World first large-scale portable solar hybrid plant

“A portable hybrid system, constructed off-site and easily transportable, could be a real game changer for off-grid locations in Australia and beyond” Ivor Frischknecht, ARENA Chief Executive

About the project

ABB solution Integration of solar PV into a diesel powered grid using the

MicrogridPlus System The resulting system consists of: Diesel (4 x 450kW), PV

plant (141kW), MicrogridPlus System Project supported by the Australian Renewable Energy

Agency

ABB technology enables medium and high penetration of up to 100% into islanded microgrids Proven Technology:

15+ years Microgrid Plus System

10+ years PowerStore synthetic inertia stabilisation system

Expertise in engineering and consulting 25+ years of system design, modelling and optimization

Highest number of projects integrating renewables into microgrids worldwide.

Continious incremental development to modern technlology

Experience with both Wind and Solar projects in challenging remote areas (Remote Australia, Antartica, Alaska)

Supported by Global ABB R&D Productisation and testing in ABB Test Facilities prior to

deployment

Global research support with selecting new technolgies e.g. battery technology

Strenth of ABB R&D to support any unknown scenarios

Product Lifecycle support.

Microgrid SolutionsPeace of mind from ABB

PowerStore Loads

Diesel generators

Renewable energy generation

M+ System

ABB