Supervised by :-

Prof. Dr./ Galal Younis

Dr. / Randa Ramadan & Dr. / Arwa Wafeek

Port Said UniversityFaculty of EngineeringN.A.M.E Department

Prepared by:-Karim Kotb Abed El-Salam Ahmed Yasser SolimanMohamed Ahmed RabeaMohamed Gamal HusseinRamy abed El-haaq Abo Harg

Today with new technologies and modern transportation systems, speed and quantity of goods became the most important issues in

cargo and passenger transport.

Quantity puts ships into the first plan among all other

transportation facilities.

This project deals with main factors that should be taken in consideration to develop coastal express ferry in order to improve tourism and economy of Egypt as well as Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

of This

• Transportation Systems • Ports characteristics • Existing routes• Characteristics of Catamarans• Ships in service• Parametric Study • Proposed formula of

Principal Dimensions• Lines, Hydrostatic • General Arrangement

Ch. One

• Aluminum alloys

• Welding processes

• Catamaran Construction

• Thickness for plating

• ordinary stiffeners• Primary Stiffeners

• Average annual of solar system

Ch. Two • Catamaran Resistance

• Powering of Catamaran

• Engine Selected

• Water Jet Propulsion System

• Marine solar system

Ch. Three

Ch. Four

• Calculation of weights from drawings

• Calculation of KG

• Cross curves of stability

• Stability criteria in the intact condition

• piping systems

IntroductionRoutes&

PrincipalDimensions

1

There are a number of performance characteristics that must be considered when selecting the appropriate mode of transportation.

Speed

Completeness

Dependability

Capability

Frequency

Cost

Sea Transport

Air Transport

Land Transport

The most important stage is to gather information on following decision variables:

• Ports characteristics • Existing routes and distances between ports• Ships in service • information from companies that operate in red sea • type of ships (depend on ship speed, port characteristics and

capacity) • dimensions of ships (depend on port characteristics, capacity,

weather conditions, and passengers’ comfort)

• capacity and number of passengers (depend on necessity of seaborne transport – depend on size of town and tourist capacities)

Ports Characteristics ( COMMERCIAL PORTS IN EGYPT )

Egypt has 15 commercial ports facing the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, (Table1.1). The Maritime Transport Sector (MTS) is responsible for the administration of those ports.

Red sea Port

Authority•Damietta

Port Authority

Port Said Port

Authority

Alex. Port Authority

Suez port, petroleum Dock port , Adabiya port ,

Sokhna port , Hurghada port , Safaga port , Eltor Port , Nuwaiba Port, Sharm El Sheikh port

Damietta Port

West Port Said port , East Port Said port ,El Arish port

Alexandria port , El Dekhila port

The best available port in Egypt to be used for our project ferry is Safaga port The port of Safaga is the most important Egyptian port to serve the Upper Egypt where the state to spend more than 4 billion pounds in the road network to link major cities in Upper Egypt (Qena- Sohag – Assiut ) .

Safaga port is located in the range of 250 km from these provinces.

Total area 57 km2

Land area 0.48 km2

Actual handling volume of passenger in 2009 800000 passenger Total no. of berths 3 Total length of berths 968 m Max water depth 14m

From our point of view the available port in Saudi Arabia isYanbu port

Characteristics

Very near to Madinah (hajj season) The port has seven berths (1 — 7), along a 1,420- meter wharf including one container andone roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) berth.

The access channel has been dredged to 14 meters belowthe lowest astronomical tide (LAT).

Definition of High speed Craft by (IMO)

The International Maritime Organization defined the High speed Craft as any Marine vehicle will satisfy the following definitions

Type of Ship used

Catamaran Characteristics

HULL SHAPES

Asymmetrical hull shapes. provided a minimum of additional resistance from the interference effects resulting from having two hulls in close proximity.

The sectional hull shapes are characterized into two types – round bilge and hard chine.

• The hull beam (b) is usually the minimum width chosen to suit the chosen propulsion machinery layout.

• The vessel draft ( T ) may be determined by the immersion of the water jets and the associated machinery and transmission

• The block coefficient ( C B ) is typically chosen between 0.55 and 0.68

Generally the resistance will decrease as the hull separation is increased

THE CENTRE BOWThe Centre Bow acts like ride control; it reacts with the waves earlierthan in conventional catamarans to reduce the motions earlier thanother vessels. It’s main purpose is to reduce the vessel pitchingmotions by offering extra buoyancy as the bow pitching into thewave.

SpiralShip designer starts design with the Owner requirement specifications. For High speed RO-PAX catamarans the customer mainly concentrated on the hull definition payload & speed.

Preliminary estimation of the principle dimensions

In preliminary ship design two basic methodologies are used: • The first based on a parent ship • The second based on statistical data worked out from an

appropriate number of ships of the same type as the ship being designed.

The presented relations are derived from the collected data of a ten existing high speed Ro-Pax aluminum wave piercing catamarans ferries with similar characteristics.

Preliminary estimation of the principle dimensions

PlanLines plan drawing is the first information that needs to be made available. Without lines plan drawing, no calculation, design and analysis works can be performed

The ship is subdivided into 49 station (from station no. ( 0 ) at AP to station (40)In the fore the interval between the stations becomes narrower so its number increased St 0, St 1 , St 2 , …………. St 32 The interval is 2.34 m St 32, St 32.5, St 33 ,…… St 40 The interval is 1.17 m

The ship is Divided into 21 Waterline the distance between each is 0.7 m There are six buttock lines at distance shown from The Centerlineb 1 0.0 b 2 3.0b 3 7.3b 4 9.4b 5 11.1b 6 12.8

The ferry is capable of carrying up to 1050 passenger and 200 cars in three tiers the upper tier contains seats for 550 passenger and Central market shop And small ten accommodation rooms for crew with 5 bathrooms And sofa for crew meetings

The Second tier is separated to two main parts the fore part for carrying cars up to 50 cars and the aft part is for passenger capable for carrying up to 490 passenger and 12 bathroom for men and the same number for ladies of total 24 bathroom There is a VIP room of total 19 seats The garage is capable of carrying 125 car and up to 4buses

Hydrostatics

All the geometric properties of a ship as a function of mean draft have been computed and put into a single graph for convenience.

At Draft 3.5 m

• Disp. = 1846 ton • LCB = 38.6 m • LCF = 37.6 • BMt = 41.9 m • BMl =170.7 m • GMt =40.3 • GMl = 169.1 m • KMt = 43.8 • KMl = 172.6

Curves of Form Coefficient

Bonjean Curves

Bonjean curves show the relationship between local draft and submerged cross-sectional area At each station we can draw a bonjean curve of the x-section area

Bonjeans are drawn on the profile of the vessel. With these curves, we can find the distribution of buoyancy for any waterline (any draft, any trim).

References

Welding

Construction

Alloys

Aluminum Marine Structure

2

Aluminum is a strong, durable and lightweight metal. these three basic properties combine to make the metal as the preferred material of construction for transport applications, to reduce fuel consumption and to increase the load carrying capacity.

Marine engineers and naval architects recognize aluminum as an advantageous material in shipbuilding. The lightweight, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys has dictated their use in many of these applications.

Introduction

Catamaran construction After we have known a lot of information about the strength and thematerial used in building in the catamaran, so we can know by thelogic of designer engineer to calculate according the GL rule:-

P = 411.23 KN/mm2 The bottom thickness = 12 mm

The impact pressure [kPa] acting on the bottom wet deck (cross deck)

HS is the significant wave height HA (air gab)

90.03 KN/ mm2 P =The thickness of bottom of wet deck of catamaran = 6 mm

Resistancepowering&

Solar System

3

Resistance

In general the resistance of catamarans attributed to two major components viscous resistance and wave-making resistance. In addition to air resistance

RT = (1+𝒌) Rf + RW + 𝐑AWhere,

RT Total resistance (KN )(1+ k ) The catamaran form factor Rf Frictional resistance RW Wave- making resistance KN RA Air resistance

In our project we will calculate the total power of the catamaran using three different ways, compare the results and choose the biggest one

First method ( Armstrong 2000 )

Viscous resistance

A main resistance component is caused by the friction force on the wetted hull.

The viscous resistance may be obtained from RV = (1+k) Rf

Where,

RV Viscous resistance KN Rf frictional resistance KN (1+ k) the catamaran form factor

There have been several studies into the calculation of the form factor (1+k) including work by Armstrong (2000), Molland et al (1994)

Wave making resistance

Air resistance

Powering of Catamaran

The maximum value of jet efficiency is observed to occur at high velocity ratio. Thus, to achieve high efficiency, a large jet diameter should be selected

RESULTS

Engine options for powering large fast Ro-Pax craft have been examined. Only engine powers in excess of 4000kW per single engine have been considered.

Water Jet Propulsion System

Water jet is a propulsion unit connected to the engine and used instead of propeller shaft.

It allows the boat to move forward by sucking in water from under the bottom of the boat and discharging from the stern.

To move backward, the direction of water is changed with the bucket covered.

Waterjet propulsion systems consist of

• An inlet duct which guides water into the pump,• An engine-driven impeller to raise the water pressure,• A jetavator which can deflect the jet stream sideways to create

a steering action.

Operation

Water enters the waterjet installation through the inlet duct, which is a part of the ships construction.After passing the pump impeller, rotation in the flow is removed and the water is accelerated in the stator bowl. This creates the thrust necessary to propel the ship. Each waterjet is driven by a main engine through a gearbox with a clutch.

The clutch makes it possible to start the prime mover without turning the shaft.

Waterjet thrust

We can calculate the waterjet thrust when entrance speed (vi), exit speed (vj) and volume flow are knownFor example

An average entrance speed (vi) into the jet at 20 m/s, an exit speed (vj) at the nozzle of 40 m/s and a volume flow (v) of 3 m3/s. From the volume flow and the specific density of sea water, the mass flow through the system is calculated

• 3 m3/s x 1025 kg/m3 = 3075 kg/s

• F= 3075 (40-20) = 61000 N or 61 kN

Waterjet Size Selection

Figure is used to select the proper waterjet size when the installed power per jet is known.

Power factor = 1.48

To reduce weight of the waterjet system, aluminum is chosen for the construction of several components.

Major features of [Waterjet]

• Waterjet allows the boat to run in shallow water.• Since the propulsion unit does not project from the bottom of

boat, the possibility that it gets damaged due to contact with obstacles on the sea bottom or driftage on the sea surface is reduced

• Complete safety.• Maneuvering with a deflector instead of a rudder enables the

boat to turn in a small circle or at the spot

• Waterjet is superior to propeller in efficiency and performance at high speeds.

• Water jet is placed at the rear of the engine and propulsion unit, providing space in the center of the body.

Solar SystemInto a green ship

Egypt is located in the world’s solar belt and has excellent solar energy availability. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to present a case study for installing a photovoltaic solar system onboard the wave piercing catamaran ferry between Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Due to the depleting nature of Egypt's limited fuel resources, the development of renewable energy technologies has proven to be essential.

The annual average total solar radiation over Egypt ranges from about 1950 kWh/m2/year on the Mediterranean coast to more than 2600 kWh/m2/year in Upper Egypt.

Cost of PV solar system

The life time (N) for all items is considered to be 20 years, except that of the battery which is considered to be 10 years. Thus, another group of batteries have to be purchased after 10 years

Number of PV solar panels

Number of charge controllers

Number of solar batteries

Weight Calculation

Stability

4&

The most common approach is to assign drawings to a weight engineer for weight determination after they have been issued

The calculation of weight from detail drawings represents the highest level offidelity possible in the determination of weight for a ship

Weight Calculation

WM /WL = 11- 18 %

Length from 85 to 120 m DWT / Displacement = 20 -40 % WST / WL = 56 -66 %

Wof /WL = 23 – 28 %

Firstly, for plates of the ship

For bridge stiffener Using bulb (80*5)

For weather deck stiffener Using bulb (80*6)

For Tier 2 stiffener Using bulb (80*6)

For Garage Stiffener Using bulb (140*7)

For wet deck Stiffener Using bulb (140*7)

For wetted surface area Stiffener Using bulb (240*10)

For stiffener of side above LWL

Weight of transverse Bulkheads =10.9 ton

To Calculate KG

Cross curves of stabilityThe cross curves of stability provide a means of presenting stability for a wide range of displacements, heeling angles and an initial trim, not only in still water but also in waves.

Introduction

The piping systems installed on shipboard to serve the engine from a complicated network .the pipe network supports all engine functions and operating processes

The lubricating oil piping system The main objectives are • Provide an oil film between the moving parts of the engine to

reduce the friction • Cooling the moving parts of the engine • Keep the inside parts of the engine clean

Lubricating oil system diagram In general the system consist of pumps , filters , coolers / heaters, strainers, separators (clarifier/ purifier ), tanks and valves , and measurements instruments

Oil tanks are made of steel or black iron. Brass, copper and galvanized metal are avoided as copper and zinc increase the tendency of oil to be oxidize.

If the pump is required to rise the liquid from lower tank to upper tank, besides H, it must overcome the resistance in both suction and delivery pipes

All References are under Request…