A Wave Piercing Catamaran Ferry

Supervised by :- Prof. Dr./ Galal Younis Dr. / Randa Ramadan & Dr. / Arwa Wafeek

Port Said University Faculty of Engineering N.A.M.E DepartmentPrepared by:- Karim Kotb Abed El-Salam Ahmed Yasser Soliman Mohamed Ahmed Rabea Mohamed Gamal Hussein Ramy abed El-haaq Abo Harg

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Today with new technologies and modern transportation systems, speed and quantity of goods became the most important issues in cargo and passenger transport. Quantity puts ships into the first plan among all other transportation facilities.

This project deals with main factors that should be taken in consideration to develop coastal express ferry in order to improve tourism and economy of Egypt as well as Saudi Arabia.Abstract

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of ThisProjectContents

Transportation Systems Ports characteristics Existing routesCharacteristics of CatamaransShips in service

Parametric Study Proposed formula of Principal DimensionsLines, Hydrostatic General ArrangementCh. One Aluminum alloys Welding processes Catamaran Construction Thickness for plating ordinary stiffeners Primary Stiffeners Average annual of solar system Ch. Two Catamaran Resistance Powering of Catamaran Engine Selected Water Jet Propulsion System Marine solar system Ch. Three Ch. Four Calculation of weights from drawings Calculation of KG Cross curves of stability Stability criteria in the intact condition piping systems

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IntroductionRoutes&PrincipalDimensions

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There are a number of performance characteristics that must be considered when selecting the appropriate mode of transportation. SpeedCompletenessDependability Capability Frequency Cost

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Sea Transport

Air Transport

Land Transport

The most important stage is to gather information on following decision variables: Ports characteristics Existing routes and distances between portsShips in service information from companies that operate in red sea type of ships (depend on ship speed, port characteristics and capacity) dimensions of ships (depend on port characteristics, capacity, weather conditions, and passengers comfort)capacity and number of passengers (depend on necessity of seaborne transport depend on size of town and tourist capacities) Ports characteristics

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PortsPorts Characteristics ( COMMERCIAL PORTS IN EGYPT )Egypt has 15 commercial ports facing the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, (Table1.1). The Maritime Transport Sector (MTS) is responsible for the administration of those ports.

Suez port, petroleum Dock port , Adabiya port , Sokhna port , Hurghada port , Safaga port , Eltor Port , Nuwaiba Port, Sharm El Sheikh portDamietta PortWest Port Said port , East Port Said port , El Arish port Alexandria port , El Dekhila port

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The best available port in Egypt to be used for our project ferry is Safaga port The port of Safaga is the most important Egyptian port to serve the Upper Egypt where the state to spend more than 4 billion pounds in the road network to link major cities in Upper Egypt (Qena - Sohag Assiut ) .

Safaga port is located in the range of 250 km from these provinces. Total area 57 km2Land area 0.48 km2Actual handling volume of passenger in 2009 800000 passenger Total no. of berths 3 Total length of berths 968 m Max water depth 14m

From our point of view the available port in Saudi Arabia is Yanbu port

Characteristics

Very near to Madinah (hajj season) The port has seven berths (1 7), along a 1,420- meter wharf including one container andone roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) berth.

The access channel has been dredged to 14 meters belowthe lowest astronomical tide (LAT).

IMO

Definition of High speed Craft by (IMO)

The International Maritime Organization defined the High speed Craft as any Marine vehicle will satisfy the following definitions Type of Ship used

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Catamaran Characteristics

The modern car and passenger ferry was introduced by International Catamarans in 1990, and this proved so successful that there are now in excess of 100 large fast catamarans carrying vessels in operation and a large number on order.

HULL SHAPES Asymmetrical hull shapes. provided a minimum of additional resistance from the interference effects resulting from having two hulls in close proximity.

The sectional hull shapes are characterized into two types round bilge and hard chine.

The hull beam (b) is usually the minimum width chosen to suit the chosen propulsion machinery layout. The vessel draft ( T ) may be determined by the immersion of the water jets and the associated machinery and transmissionThe block coefficient ( C B ) is typically chosen between 0.55 and 0.68 Generally the resistance will decrease as the hull separation is increased

THE CENTRE BOW The Centre Bow acts like ride control; it reacts with the waves earlier than in conventional catamarans to reduce the motions earlier than other vessels. Its main purpose is to reduce the vessel pitching motions by offering extra buoyancy as the bow pitching into the wave.

Spiral Design

Ship designer starts design with the Owner requirement specifications. For High speed RO-PAX catamarans the customer mainly concentrated on the hull definition payload & speed.Preliminary estimation of the principle dimensions In preliminary ship design two basic methodologies are used: The first based on a parent ship The second based on statistical data worked out from an appropriate number of ships of the same type as the ship being designed.

The presented relations are derived from the collected data of a ten existing high speed Ro-Pax aluminum wave piercing catamarans ferries with similar characteristics.

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Preliminary estimation of the principle dimensions

Plan Lines

Lines plan drawing is the first information that needs to be made available. Without lines plan drawing, no calculation, design and analysis works can be performedThe ship is subdivided into 49 station (from station no. ( 0 ) at AP to station (40)In the fore the interval between the stations becomes narrower so its number increased St 0, St 1 , St 2 , . St 32 The interval is 2.34 m St 32, St 32.5, St 33 , St 40 The interval is 1.17 m

The ship is Divided into 21 Waterline the distance between each is 0.7 m There are six buttock lines at distance shown from The Centerlineb 1 0.0 b 2 3.0b 3 7.3b 4 9.4b 5 11.1b 6 12.8

The ferry is capable of carrying up to 1050 passenger and 200 cars in three tiers the upper tier contains seats for 550 passenger and Central market shop And small ten accommodation rooms for crew with 5 bathrooms And sofa for crew meetings

The Second tier is separated to two main parts the fore part for carrying cars up to 50 cars and the aft part is for passenger capable for carrying up to 490 passenger and 12 bathroom for men and the same number for ladies of total 24 bathroom There is a VIP room of total 19 seats The garage is capable of carrying 125 car and up to 4 buses

Hydrostatics

All the geometric properties of a ship as a function of mean draft have been computed and put into a single graph for convenience.

At Draft 3.5 m Disp. = 1846 ton LCB = 38.6 m LCF = 37.6 BMt = 41.9 m BMl =170.7 m GMt =40.3 GMl = 169.1 m KMt = 43.8 KMl = 172.6

Curves of Form Coefficient

Bonjean Curves Bonjean curves show the relationship between local draft and submerged cross-sectional area At each station we can draw a bonjean curve of the x-section area

Bonjeans are drawn on the profile of the vessel. With these curves, we can find the distribution of buoyancy for any waterline (any draft, any trim).

References

WeldingConstruction AlloysAluminum Marine Structure

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Aluminum is a strong, durable and lightweight metal. these three basic properties combine to make the metal as the preferred material of construction for transport applications, to reduce fuel consumption and to increase the load carrying capacity. Marine engineers and naval architects recognize aluminum as an advantageous material in shipbuilding. The lightweight, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys has dictated their use in many of these applications. Introduction

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) This is a welding process that melts and joins metals by means of heat. The heat is produced by an electric arc generated by the electrode and the materials.

Some advantages of the SMAW welding process is that :- It is portable and not expensive compared with others. These features allow that the SMAW process can be employed in maintenance and repairs.

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) GMAW is a welding process that melts and joins metals by heating employing an electric arc established between a continuous wire (electrode) and metals to be weldedShielding protection of the arc and molten metal is carried out by means of a gas, which can be active or inert. Argon gas or mixtures of Argon and Helium are employed, whereas for steels the base of the shielding gases is CO2When using an inert gas, it is kwon as MIG process (Metal Inert Gas) and MAG when Metal Active Gas is used

When using an Argon gas arc, the arc energy has a smaller spread than an arc of Helium, due to the low thermal conductivity of Argon.

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) This is a welding process that melts metal by heat employing an electric arc with a non-consumable electrode. GTAW process employs an inert or active shielding gas, which protects the electrode and the weld metal.This process produces high quality welds, but the principal disadvantage is that the rate of deposition is slow and it limits the range of application in terms of thickness

Friction stir welding (FSW) Hot-shear joining process

Friction stir welding Which is a cylindrical shoulder tool with a specially designed and profiled probe made from a hard, wear resistance material relative to the material being welded. FSW enables long lengths of weld to be made without any melting taking place. This provides some important metallurgical advantages compared with fusion welding,

This tool moves along the butting surfaces of two rigidly. The shoulder makes a contact with the top surface of the plates to be welded. The heat generated by friction at the shoulder and to a lesser extent at the pin surface and it softens the material being welded

Resistancepowering&SolarSystem

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ResistanceHigh Speed CatamaranIn general the resistance of catamarans attributed to two major components viscous resistance and wave-making resistance. In addition to air resistanceRT = (1+) Rf + RW + A Where,

RT Total resistance (KN )(1+ k ) The catamaran form factor Rf Frictional resistance RW Wave- making resistance KN RA Air resistance In our project we will calculate the total power of the catamaran using three different ways, compare the results and choose the biggest one

First method ( Armstrong 2000 ) Viscous resistance A main resistance component is caused by the friction force on the wetted hull.The viscous resistance may be obtained from RV = (1+k) Rf Where,RV Viscous resistance KN Rf frictional resistance KN (1+ k) the catamaran form factor There have been several studies into the calculation of the form factor (1+k) including work by Armstrong (2000), Molland et al (1994)

Wave making resistance

Air resistance

Powering of Catamaran

The maximum value of jet efficiency is observed to occur at high velocity ratio. Thus, to achieve high efficiency, a large jet diameter should be selected

RESULTS

So there are the rules.89

Engine

Engine options for powering large fast Ro-Pax craft have been examined. Only engine powers in excess of 4000kW per single engine have been considered.

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Water Jet Propulsion System Water jet is a propulsion unit connected to the engine and used instead of propeller shaft.

It allows the boat to move forward by sucking in water from under the bottom of the boat and discharging from the stern.

To move backward, the direction of water is changed with the bucket covered.

Waterjet propulsion systems consist of An inlet duct which guides water into the pump,An engine-driven impeller to raise the water pressure, A jetavator which can deflect the jet stream sideways to create a steering action.

Operation

Water enters the waterjet installation through the inlet duct, which is a part of the ships construction. After passing the pump impeller, rotation in the flow is removed and the water is accelerated in the stator bowl. This creates the thrust necessary to propel the ship. Each waterjet is driven by a main engine through a gearbox with a clutch.

The clutch makes it possible to start the prime mover without turning the shaft.

Waterjet thrust We can calculate the waterjet thrust when entrance speed (vi), exit speed (vj) and volume flow are knownFor exampleAn average entrance speed (vi) into the jet at 20 m/s, an exit speed (vj) at the nozzle of 40 m/s and a volume flow (v) of 3 m3/s. From the volume flow and the specific density of sea water, the mass flow through the system is calculated3 m3/s x 1025 kg/m3 = 3075 kg/s F= 3075 (40-20) = 61000 N or 61 kN

Waterjet Size Selection

Figure is used to select the proper waterjet size when the installed power per jet is known. Power factor = 1.48

To reduce weight of the waterjet system, aluminum is chosen for the construction of several components.

The thrust bearing block, located inboard, supports the shaft and bears the axial thrust generated by the impellerThe main hydraulic pump of the standard HPP is driven by a Power Take Off (PTO) from the gearbox or the prime mover.

Hydraulic power packThe thrust bearing block

Major features of [Waterjet] Waterjet allows the boat to run in shallow water. Since the propulsion unit does not project from the bottom of boat, the possibility that it gets damaged due to contact with obstacles on the sea bottom or driftage on the sea surface is reducedComplete safety.Maneuvering with a deflector instead of a rudder enables the boat to turn in a small circle or at the spotWaterjet is superior to propeller in efficiency and performance at high speeds.Water jet is placed at the rear of the engine and propulsion unit, providing space in the center of the body.

Solar System

Into a green ship

Along the way weve discovered105

Egypt is located in the worlds solar belt and has excellent solar energy availability. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to present a case study for installing a photovoltaic solar system onboard the wave piercing catamaran ferry between Egypt and Saudi Arabia.Due to the depleting nature of Egypt's limited fuel resources, the development of renewable energy technologies has proven to be essential.The annual average total solar radiation over Egypt ranges from about 1950 kWh/m2/year on the Mediterranean coast to more than 2600 kWh/m2/year in Upper Egypt.

Cost of PV solar systemThe life time (N) for all items is considered to be 20 years, except that of the battery which is considered to be 10 years. Thus, another group of batteries have to be purchased after 10 years

Number of PV solar panels

Number of charge controllers

Number of solar batteries

Catamaran construction After we have known a lot of information about the strength and the material used in building in the catamaran, so we can know by the logic of designer engineer to calculate according the GL rule:-

P = 411.23 KN/mm2 The bottom thickness = 12 mm The impact pressure [kPa] acting on the bottom wet deck (cross deck)

HS is the significant wave height

HA (air gab) 90.03 KN/ mm2 P =The thickness of bottom of wet deck of catamaran = 6 mm

Weight CalculationPiping SystemStability

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The most common approach is to assign drawings to a weight engineer for weight determination after they have been issuedThe calculation of weight from detail drawings represents the highest level of delity possible in the determination of weight for a shipWeight Calculation

WM /WL = 11- 18 %

Length from 85 to 120 mDWT / Displacement = 20 -40 % WST / WL = 56 -66 % Wof /WL = 23 28 %

Firstly, for plates of the ship

For bridge stiffener Using bulb (80*5) For weather deck stiffener Using bulb (80*6) For Tier 2 stiffener Using bulb (80*6) For Garage Stiffener Using bulb (140*7) For wet deck Stiffener Using bulb (140*7) For wetted surface area Stiffener Using bulb (240*10) For stiffener of side above LWL

Weight of transverse Bulkheads =10.9 ton

To Calculate KG

Cross curves of stability The cross curves of stability provide a means of presenting stability for a wide range of displacements, heeling angles and an initial trim, not only in still water but also in waves.

Introduction

The piping systems installed on shipboard to serve the engine from a complicated network .the pipe network supports all engine functions and operating processes

The lubricating oil piping system The main objectives are Provide an oil film between the moving parts of the engine to reduce the friction Cooling the moving parts of the engine Keep the inside parts of the engine cleanLubricating oil system diagram In general the system consist of pumps , filters , coolers / heaters, strainers, separators (clarifier/ purifier ), tanks and valves , and measurements instruments Oil tanks are made of steel or black iron. Brass, copper and galvanized metal are avoided as copper and zinc increase the tendency of oil to be oxidize.

If the pump is required to rise the liquid from lower tank to upper tank, besides H, it must overcome the resistance in both suction and delivery pipes

All References are under Request