A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC

Fifth Edition

Chapter 1

Introducing Hardware

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Functions of a Computer

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Ports

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Hardware Inside the Case

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The Motherboard

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The Motherboard (continued)

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Types of Expansion Slots

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The Electrical System (continued)

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Instructions Stored on the

MotherboardROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)

System BIOS

Startup BIOS

CMOS setup

Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and

Plug and Play technologies

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ROM BIOS Chip

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Motherboard Configuration

Settings

CMOS chip

Stores setup (configuration) information

Powered by a battery on motherboard when power

is off

Setup information can also be set by jumpers

and DIP switches

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CMOS Configuration Chip

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Setting Jumpers

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Using DIP Switches

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC

Fifth Edition

Chapter 2

How Hardware and

Software Work Together

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OS as a Middleman

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The Shell and the Kernel

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Common Operating Systems

DOS

Windows 9x

Windows NT, Windows 2000, and

Windows XP

Unix

Linux

OS/2

Mac OS

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Tracks, Sectors, and Clusters

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Files and Directories

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Partitions and Logical Drives

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How an OS Uses Device

Drivers to Manage Hardware

Device drivers provide OS with software

necessary to control devices

16-bit real-mode drivers

Supported by Windows 95/98

32-bit protected-mode drivers

Supported by Windows 95/98, Windows Me, and

Windows NT/2000/XP

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OS Tools to Examine a System

Device Manager

System Information utility

Microsoft Diagnostic Utility (MSD)

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC

Fifth Edition

Chapter 5

The Motherboard

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Typical AT Motherboard

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Typical ATX Motherboard

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CPU Heat Sinks and Cooling

Fans

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Combination Heat Sink and

Cooling Fan

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Hardware Configuration

Setup data stored by DIP switches

Setup data stored by jumpers

Setup data stored in CMOS memory

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Setup Data Stored by DIP

Switches

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CMOS Setup Main Menu

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CMOS Setup Boot Menu

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Wire Connectors

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Troubleshooting the

Motherboard and CPU

Look for clues from POST

Reports errors as beep codes

Cautiously substitute good hardware

components for those you suspect are bad.

Make Sure Power Supply is not bad!!!