Joshua Arnold

LA 460

A Case Study

Intro to Heyburn-located in Benewah County in Idaho’s northern panhandle

-became a state park in 1911

-recreational opportunities for people living in northern Idaho, eastern Washington, and western Montana

-named after Idaho senator Weldon B. Heyburn -7,825 acres; about 1/3 is water -three shallow “lakes”, namely Hidden Lake, Chatcolet Lake, and Benewah Lake

HistoryTribal Heritage

“The Creator owns the lake, but he put the Coeur d' Alenes here to take care of it”(Anon.; cdatribe.org)

History-Schitsu’ Umsh, or Coeur d’ Alene Tribe, has inhabited the region for thousands of years.

-original territory extended almost 5,000,000 acres.

-puts Lake Coeur d’ Alene in the center giving a lot of focus on the lake

History-tribe depended heavily on the land as a source of sustenance, guidance, and inspiration

-Heyburn State Park, served as a place for one of the tribe’s staple foods, the water potato

-plants grow in marsh-like areas

-today, water potatoes are harvested by tribal members during Water Potato Days

HistoryRegional History

-1500’s to the early 1600’s, chief Twisted Earth’s vision; Jesuit Missionaries

-Oregon Donation Act passed through congress; allowed a settler and his wife to homestead up to 640 acres in the Oregon Country

-Captain John Mullan created the Mullan Military Road from 1858 to 1862; passed through Heyburn

- two main rail lines built through Heyburn State Park.

HistoryHistory of Heyburn State Park

-In 1903, Washington Water Power Co. builds dam at Post Falls, Idaho raising the water level of Lake Coeur d’ Alene 7-9 feet

-March 16, 1908 Weldon B. Heyburn addressed the U.S. Senate saying, “I want, in Idaho, one National Park”.

-The bill was passed on April 30, 1908; price was set at $11,379.17 ($1.25/acre)

-park acted as a summer resort

History1919-Administration passed from Fish and Game to Department of Public works.1920-study by F.G. Miller and Henry Schmitz report of poor sanitation conditions.1932-State Highway 5 is completed between Plummer and St. Maries1934- 200 man Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 1938 - 50 acres acquired to the north end of park for $5001947- Administration of park transferred to Director of Public Highways

June 1947 -Chalcolet village incorporated with 125 residents.1949- Administration transferred to the State Land Commission.1952-Administration transferred to Department of State Parks1965-Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation is established

Existing Resources Topography

-less than 5% is most flexible for development. -5% to 10% slopes can still be developed

-10% no development takes place except hiking trails.

-elevation rises from 500 to 600 feet before ideal slope percentages for development.-result is limited land near the water for activities. -developments are clustered instead of lining the entire waterfront.

Existing ResourcesSoils

-leased cottages built on the Ardenvoir-McCrosket Association, Blinn Stony Loam, and Lacy Rock Outcrop soils.

-areas retained dense vegetation; reducing erosion factor

-some soils have permeability problems that affect the sanitary systems

Existing ResourcesHydrology

-Coeur d’ Alene Lake and tributaries in Spokane River Basin

-surface area is 31,475 acres; 24 miles long shoreline 109 miles

-waters in park are Hidden Lake, Chatcolet Lake, Benewah Lake, lower end of the St. Joe River

-tributaries are Plummer Creek, Pedee Creek, and Benewah Creek

-groundwater of Heyburn State Park is limited

-water quality of Heyburn State Park not good

Existing ResourcesVegetation

-Heyburn forested area composed of Idaho Mix.

-includes Douglas fir, grand fir, western larch, ponderosa pine, western white pine, lodgepole pine, and western cedar

-riparian vegetation made of black cottonwoods and water grasses/shrubs

-water plants serve as great habitat for water foul; good indicator of eutrophication

Existing ResourcesViews and Vistas

-to see the entire park hike the trail system to Shoeffler Butte.

-look east out to the St. Joe River. -500 ft below the butte, is Indian Cliffs with same view

Heyburn State Park

Park Classification Existing Facilities

Land UseHidden LakeChatcolet (Chatq’ele’)Plummer BayHawley’s LandingRocky PointBenewah

Decision Making and FinanceState Park’s Departmental GoalsHeyburn’s Agenda

Cost of OperationsIncome

Heyburn State Park6 major “neighborhoods”; each has different levels of seasonal housing, recreational facilities, and use types

Hidden LakeChatcolet (Chatq’ele’)

Plummer Bay

Hawley’s Landing Rocky Point

Benewah

Heyburn State ParkLand Use -high intensity used

by greatest number of visitors for longest time.

-moderately intense has more natural resources; require less maintenance.

-low intensity requires very little maintenance; conservation major objective

Heyburn State ParkHidden Lake

-28 float homes; will be phased out

-different ways of handling/maintaining waste

-a trail follows shoreline and used for fishing access; loops back into the Mullen Trail system

Heyburn State ParkChatcolet (Chatq’ ele’) -53 cabins clustered

together; density around 12-15 units per acre

-day use involves group facility for picnicking, barbecuing, and field games

-day use docks

-campground at the end of the main Chatcolet drive; includes 40 camp sites and shower building

-“Route of the Coeur d’ Alenes”; rest area for trail located near marina

Heyburn State ParkPlummer Bay -management offices and

maintenance shops park manager resides

-trail head; system with the “Route of the Coeur d’ Alenes” trail

-Plummer Point; nature observance & connection to the trail systems

-Nature Interpretive Centersheltered interpretive display; boardwalk stretches into marshland.

Heyburn State ParkHawley’s Landing -first area from State

Highway 5 traveling east from Plummer

-acts as official western entry

-sizable campground tents and RV’s

-13 leased cabins located near the water

-campground has a shower building, a dump station, and small theatre for programs

Heyburn State ParkRocky Point

-most leased cabins located; 83 with density of 20 units per acre -most boating activity; marina is largest in the park.

-supply and fuel store

-picnic area, beach, and Chatq’ ele’ Interpretive Center; center was original lodge built in ‘30’s by Civilian Conservation Corps

Heyburn State ParkBenewah -a group campground

-not used as much as Hawley’s Landing

-campground includes showering area and trail system.

-furthest facility from all the others

-a trailer park is set up same as leased cabins; none front on water; will be phased out

Heyburn State ParkDecision Making Hierarchy & Statewide Goals

-six member board,-State Park’s Director-Regional Director -Park Manager -Manager Assistants -Park Rangers

“Horizon” currently is set through 2005 and some goals include:

-requiring all parks to complete a Natural Resource Plan

-20 new cabins or yurts built per year, per park

-200 new campgrounds per year, statewide

-a snowmobile recreational area per park

-a rearrangement of trails to be more nature conducive

Heyburn State ParkHeyburn’s Goals

-in the implementation process of Natural Resource Plan

-build a community using new cruise boat

-work toward a co-management system with Coeur d’ Alene Tribe for “Route of the Coeur d Alenes” trail

-replace old water lines to serve facilities better

-upgrade way of making camping reservations; via the internet

Heyburn State ParkFinance

COSTPersonnel

$262,000Operation Expenses (Overhead)

$55,729Capital (Special Equipment)

$13,000Marina

$30,003 Cabins (waste disposal, store

$37,650

operation, power)

Total

$398,382

INCOMETotal Amount from leasing cabins

$267,000 (160 cabins total)

Campground fees

$72,000(3 campgrounds, 132 sites)Boat Storage and Moorage fees

$67,000Boat Launching fees

$37,0002 Rental cabins

$17,000

Total

$460,000

making about $61,618

Heyburn State ParkCritique The Good

-great source for being in close contact with nature-preservation of the environment its focus-good example of how dense housing should be to preserve landscape and minimize disturbance -trail system in the park is good-diverse activity opportunities-future projects are exciting-financially successful

The Bad-getting money from the state to support costs- water system-sewage system is just not good-needs to be some sort of park ordinance stating what size of septic tank should he had and how the waste is to be disposed of-lacks variety of views and vistas of entire park

Purpose of Case Study-to see how well humans and nature coexist

-to see how dense a built environment should be when building multiple units in pristine areas

-to see how sustainable Heyburn is both ecologically and financially

Conclusion-humans and nature do coexist.-water quality is not good, as it always has been, showing what happens when poor planning takes place and sensitivity to environment isn’t had.-wildlife seems comfortable coming into the built areas; ratio is for every 1000 acres of land there should be about 1 acre of intensely developed residential land-income from fees and leasing alone is not enough to cover park’s costs-nothing was showing how sustainable the environment is with developments in place; eutrophication an indicator that things are not

ResourcesSouth, Tom; Heyburn State Park General Development Plan;

Boise, Idaho; South Landscape Architecture and Land Planning; 1990

Harkins, Kobe, Neuenschwander, Leon; Heyburn State Park Natural Resource Plan;

Moscow, Idaho; University of Idaho;

www.idahoparks.orgwww.cdatribe.org

Special ThanksFred Bear, Park Manager of Heyburn State Park

&Frank Roberts, GIS Manager, Coeur d’ Alene Tribe