mulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.thmulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.th/e-thesis/scan/9745877921.pdf · 2 flr?ouoeru r...

rWs $R ztgt

n : r rfi lfi uf : "

n d r s il"6afi u1.urr.r il:c n r :uau n r :ir!g

dn::nuulilfl'l:ouaou r a{! ar firl:sI:n r il'rr?'lrlriolid.r ildiu.!llsq

RELATIONSHIPS BETI{EEN SELECTED BASIC CONDITIONING FACTOR,S

AND PER,CETVED SELF-CARE EFFICACY IN NON . INSUTIN

DEPENDENT DTABETTC PATIENTS

Squrn:nl friialriffsu:.2

s q r& 1,. "i?n8''lUI.IUD'U I ltUd?UTil{ 3 a{ nr:finUrnSndO:I

rliqrgr ivr a r rl r dn : lra r ilufi o

drrridrusrrradroq{ ficufioirsrfis rnrinsrfig!fioail. rf . 2536

r ISBN 974-587-792-L7

\"1

&^-*-$

or)t4no € I -.1-'uCopyright by Mahidol University

aqd?Ytg'tuu10'

dt Sail

e-(,q-&a 2''l il dil*ud: s n i r.: iIa 6 suu6 .'t ull 1 \: :J : s n r : u a s n 1 T ; x i

a

dil::nrclur'r"r:ouoeru r a\:z ar firl:sJrn r tt1T:rudfio"t:lfiliuafiuilsj

|l)r?

OJlAEJg

e d qqv (e-?gru.rnTil FtSmnrtrEnt:

€*.0"-qv

?Anl 9U9l LflYlS, 2Yl.1l. (1,18"1X'lA) , ?1t.u. (1l|9.l1JtB)

:J:c 0'run::tJr't -t rn ?uct rlivrcl riiludI

,JYPF

{rnrnr raiisni, 1,r.r.sst

n:iiln'r:9t ?lJFtlJ?1l8"l]lwtD'

,h' J'iJ- {.,*,.,

andfia,u.:t., ph.D.

A^ n\^ /..-.e \l

/tn. UHf -NL.IJ{')v t'n'u ' Izxr|" / ,

n::ftnr{ d:r:ruloorn 2yr.r!. (r,rs,'nl-'ra), M.s.

il:g n'tuerntc n::lnr::l:c d rtindfl :ivrs r r[ "r dfl : rm r fi euirEr

drrridruarlraclrdsr{

lrugt5

fintlt9t

vASeI0[n9r?1lg1ag

eilcul,JYtgdtaqdJ:cualno: rrrri:.rd

Copyright by Mahidol University

ivrsrir,rud

r *uo

o : r rfi lfi rrf : rn i r s il aiefi ugru! r { rl:s n r : uav n r :tl!dl:: nus"[iln]:qtraflu r a{ a os fir]:s1:fl r l-.r?: rurtollfio iuaiu,r9

1fi 5 r n r :fr e''r 5$'1 auilfi "Lfi t:.r r fi ud :un fi { r o { n r : fi nsrEr r ilu fi ndfl :rJiryg r inu''' o I orrun r inrfr Er dr a r idrr.ra r :l r adr dq{

iufi zz nlnrfiud u.d. zSsT

,1 ^t*,m,( YlXff-*;;-#;;at?afl

C; S.1.---'-

^.--^--S -.-:a-- ,<ae 4llr:tll2o uo'?qrus, ?n.r. (1.t9.t1l''ta) , durnr rdd5gni, t{.lt.q-'r

2yr.r. ( aT Eidlder{rreiarl n::lnr:doliyrertlflfI

Dip. in Applied Nubrition.aq4

n:5lJfl 156OlJ ?718']11,J110

inor fiuerJflfie, ?yt.lJ. 0,lEt't!1a) , ?yl.:J. (uEt-r!-la)

rl:s mun::rrnr : daline rfurud

l.

Ca.b{To,,9.'J,^'&, k,)v<ltnrn: lodllEjrl,t.:J., ph.D.

g-

oruilo

9Zt3sSvS{1[U?1gt?fl€t1a8 rfin11yt8l0ar,moa nrule

a:ro&nd nilt-rdzv, M.8.,8.s.,

F.R.c.p., F.R.A.c.r., :rdiruin, a?.

nnpulrytsdrr#1:rrerun:rnBrd rn rinar6erfi ooCopyright by Mahidol University

lu

e{{.?u tnarr flrnff

anrtdr'fio

rl:ciinr:finur

rl:sifinr:irrru

. ,91|,-e!tu1afl21A3

lrrinurn:d liirriisr:

ZO $nrnl 4499

ioria*s r?s rnrr

nrrinards$iaa, il.d. zs18 2622:ittard'lcn:tcf,r txsrula$atarriueuarn$a I

rrrinarfiariaa, lt.r{. a5g4 - Zg?T :

insrdidnrlrrilofin (naMoil -taa4)

r.d. 25ZZ ZSZ} :'hrrgruro:rur,?ufi6rurri.r rarlrail:sdrnr:fl.d. gseg - ilrrilt : ingrfiaxslu.lont{rnfln:cYt::.t d1s'l?d6t!

drttrri,r inarerrd


finfin::rrJ:cnrd

s q .^. c^ _=_.^{, ( , yt v v?7lE1u1,luDa:Jrud"t I taa6i ?n 166rBn 2 t ilflTm"ruasn ?'lxd?e r n fiaaEirl ddrorn fid:aardn:ror:dioor fiu'rJsfie ,l^"u,.,o.rdurndrfro ;;-;;.-av.--1 I qst s d' N -- 1'---"'r d::Ftu ytnr$'l [ttadfl tnuduuvuu?yt,l.t noaflauttfi'tzi'alnudarEirs 1 6rsn ?'1il I uercrl r or"[a"[drrloseaaa r.rialfiuifiiiaa an:,.r1J3 aX1ars o$fid?sqJgs

drdfl:rnr:du::nr:d uoiams n?riln,.r?do::irarfiutffi'tfilfifiaao fia r duauuyEraaonu"[fidrfi.,r"[alrfot:tnoao t.ufio?anr''ruaaru:vnufir:nno?Arnrirrfin:mr

.|!Ut11 jo:2adarn?1rJer?.rua{roduoiafi'[fi"tlnr:iirr uac"lfidruuvrirsirs "r,f,ur<{ag'1\lO

v e d , ..y1, I u o d-. r o asa a? aInil I 8 "lTu'l7l.l llrnail [-7t a u i rnIrfr us''t x''t a:Jssdro dun I ail,.ts5. e r I

[?nil'l{ a1E?flr?n uav {:J:a I r 1T ? runnrirtfi"Lfio: r rd alia"hn..r ? l fi:rfi a,aIS.t-, d d -.1-y 3 &e- a 4 _-.-{?-vs , d481{l o l sEtJ Lrn"l? t nl|t ailan5sudr r 5arrrl r ilrnrrg?qs lannil:cfl-.tr I ua\t{t '- qv d",

a q

arniQzi:ai68frilil:sininrr.ra.: a'a qrua:fi nilnir-.rx? nnr r daufru6 a;-:t^r.a uosnurrJ:uqfia auu"iui.u ;.*.nfi6il;;;tH;;r:sfir.[o9'r!q '. 4 .l-. dqo- <i u qrun2'luu ?E I xaa Lun?1uolJatfr -[orilarn

r ilauiln?lnrruerlra:JiqgrTn nuv1,,rs"rLrrodranifii:rruE.nr''ra rud 1s uov !dauf,nfinurusr:JroiliqqrTn

/& q

nBculJyrEdron{f :rutrrll'la?rlrB:rd ioii 1s-16 rnnu uosa an:1ua arn$ts -tt.--- 'l --"- t

a r I r : tt ile r 6ausrl 1 ar't?{ l nu nnri rufi 1fi "lfr n : rlnlrlrdes l n da dru:en arn--.----.?- 3 qo:^:r o .i or" , g

: -'' Iduo?nurar|yti tTfi''ta{ !a [unr:ilnu-.taEi,.titdir r dila

? { ' g

.t---{ - q qse ie.Y|']afldouaa?arnil nrudllndrl ttovn1q1 [uq:snao??crudgu: fi1fi9tt9s'. <l q_? E) a g & e A I s .f.i qa?']rrz?8 rraauov [n r ror-[unr:dnurnSriloudr r 5a gil:J?s t8tr11y1noa1fl

SqIts?yt8')ul.lil[ ?ailauuo ilor il''t?91''t n? arar:fr uosfi:J:a ril,.tr?-ru7tflyt..tll

Sqrrn:nl Biierrlf,sr^r:


,{--atrA?TS'IUTTfi'

iuddr r6anr:ilnn'r

fl

a r1ilfiilfiilf:"n drr ilaisfiilX1ull.l{ il:s nr:uovnr:5:ridrr::nu""[un1:oIaqu r a{? a{ fi:J:s

J:n r :r'1r ?'lrdiotrds iuaiu,9iafiifie iotrn:r$ diiorri7su:g

-lq silig$r inerr{rdn:rnrfirufin (uerrrodrAEr{t

ntssfl rrrnr:n :ln line riuufi

6unJsfiEl ?71.lJ. , ??t.lt.

lJ. lJ.

2537u.ef.

.<lu tI dtt9rlr

?an'l

drrunr.t

zz nrnrfitd!

oalJilnnsa

vr-4.tod<qersn''r::lJrdlrr?nusz a{nil r a{ r iluila{svrilnarrdrfiqroiauqdn:?ilfl1?

ouoetll r a{ a oit fi rJ :eT: n r il'tr : rir n r : iten *s fi1fi1fivrqrfi n r :i lidl: :nus n a.r

elll I o{ a a{ ulllret?'l uasnqufinr:ouanu r a{ ? ar ra , ,, , fiuuu?n-.t{ r dafinprfi.l( 1) nr:5:ridl::nur"[unlrquae.u r airgtt

q9$tllas n''t 5:lJ:n{ a$n ,ll.ln r :t:n t:$!

(D n:rilfirfiuf:rrir{ilaiafirlT u "t6uri rur{ nr:finur :sss,r^.n..,:rfiuSu9$[:n nr:5ridrflrun''r1,rfl"rrrinr:fi:rnr:ir!rl::nu""[unr?ouaor r a{fl oir firJaa99qtags a v-t$-s_ ,s oi s__,_ e , srt:n l1']r?lilduo [ljr.r.:audau ( 3) niln,lr,lzos lnia..::ia:J:s tl=udl::nus-[unr:ouanr r a{ uasrfl 1:;xifisncnnrunrsrinr:$ g I

,_-,_,-,

n{1fi :ad r o fi fl npr r fi rrfi :J :el?n r r.rr ?.'rurio"lrifi s iuoiu dr r T:rn r t9qlr

9-. q aq S S .t4. oTflt'l lrrnnrin [:nr::rnaru l:rugtlrn:rdid aru:l 2oo ?1g rfianfi:a:irsIrlJ:J r A','ryA{4','tl, r nrudfifrruuo"ti ilrc r iudl:rnuv"[unr:ouoell r aruacnr:tuifirgrunrunr:rinr: Joe"[fiu:rr:J:criu dsairslos iaar fiun1sfie1

aranr: ifie ur:r nqrr6aad rr dru'[ndin r:ir{dr::nus"[rn,]:fluaqrgtg

nu r a{ dr uasi:Jiniln1uf'r'rr:rinr: drinrunrud "hnr:n rn:rrffrfirf :sn:r..r4l

ilaiafirgrlfifinrrfi:rnr:5riar::nuo"[un-'r?ounnura{ urdr nr:finrruas


n

u e$ s d -,_-y._-!,- v v v - 6n'l:3:J:o{ n3[R','tl.tfl ','t:rt:n 15iln trldlfrurinrs I anfilnr:5lidl:: nus'lunl Tgluotll9's

nuta{adrsifiadrfirynrtdfifi (r=o.23, p<o.oo1 ; rP < 0.05) ,da,irnr,r"[firuarrarfiu 0 ruanQ..rrfiu 1 ilxd,r lild

= O.15,€lJA ? -l1l

e-ddriurin r r o r fi r n r : 5r i dr : r nuy "[un r : qru orru r a { ad 1.0 ifi s d r fi run r.: ofi fi(r = -0.15, p ( O.OU) :sgsr.^..,n,.,r,l,.irrfl;;;,.';;;tui;un.,,5Iiail::nu""hn r:euanil t as Ioa: :r uoiirr : r rfirfi udyr rr r rnfi un"utrrrn r:iridil::nuclun''r?cruoeru l o.rrn?ofian::,firunr:ifi'firnaru-fi:r{duua"nr:"[ff-

il

| | S .a ' .{o q v ,saurCI{lj:u L8/UAgr.:illrfldr6qY|r.:ddd (r = o.15, p ( 0.051 nfilarnrirr rduo fl a"[fifilnailfi aadrs zoo r"rB aronr:i r n:r"dn ?..ur r fi e{ Tfls"lfidn:fiil-

(srl:cRilBuaail"r? a{ n r ailr r d ul i r uillrlrc r iudl: : nlc "hn r :ou aqtr r o..r 1firir

uaailr rnrfi! o. 93r as u!il:J: s r fi un r r i r!fi r qrun run r.:rin r :'tifi .., o u^* r r i r -fi:r 0. 84 uaor"lfi rfiu:r, uiuofi ofioo**lrlo:rrdaoerfi a.:nre"hd.


Thesis Title

Nane

Degree

Thesis

Date of

Relationships between Selected BasicConditioning Factors and perceived

Self-Care Efficacy in Non-fnsulinDependent Diabetic patients

Ratanaporn Sir.iwatchaiporn

Master of Science (Nursing)

Supervisory Connittee

Valla Tantayotai, B.Sc. , M.S. (Nursing)

Sunontha Serirat , M.D.

Clraduation ZZ February B.E. ZB}T ( 1994)

ABSTRACT

Self-eff icacy is the inportant d,eterninant of d.iabetesself-care behavior. This descriptive research was within a

theoretical franework of Bandura's self-Efficacy theory andorents self-care theory. The purposes of this research were(1) to describe the data of perceived self-care efficacy and.

perceived, quality of diabetes care (2, to exanine thebivariate relationships between the perceived, self-careefficacy and the basic conditioning factors of sex,education; duration of disease and perceived quality ofd'iabetes care (g) to test the instrunents which neasureperceived self-care efficacy and perceived quality ofdiabetes care.


{t

The purposive sanple consisted of zoo non-insulindependent diabetic patients receiving nedical care at anout-patient diabetic clinic of Rajavithi Hospital.Perceived self-care efficacy and perceived quality ofdiabet'es care rr'as neasured by the scales d,eveloped by vallaTantayot ia.

Results of the study showed that subjects reported ahigh nean score on perceived self-care efficacy and highnean score on perceived quality of diabetes care. The

seleeted basic conditioning factors of education, perceivedgual ity of diabetes care had significantly positivecorrelation with pereeived self-care efficaey (r = o.zg ,P < 0.Oo1 ; r = O.15, p < O.oS) n whereas sex had,

significantly negative correlation wiLh perceived, self-careefficacy (r = -0.1s' p ( o.osn with male as o, fenale as 1).The relationship between duration of disease and perceivedself-care efficacy was observed only in the aspect ofinterpersonal relationship and, use of resources. rn thissanple, the cronbachts alpha for the Diabetes self-careEfficacy scale was O.99 and, for the Diabetes Care eualityscale rrras o. B4 indicat,ing Lhe high level of internalcons istency.


dr:fina

a,fi11''l

fl

n

a

il

t

t

3

10

10

11

11

11

L2

30

31

?2

35

35

37

r vQgsu:r?c ?9cJ2aEl

fiErdn:l:J tvn'tdrnf,odonrt*r"tile

lrfiodanrurfis nqu

dr:firu

dr:ilgorrrr,,:

dr:ilrunru{

uYtTt 1

<arnn 2

t,sl

llYtYt 3

rnf ruasn:alvrqufi-4- q v

n ?.ut I iluil''tuacn trldrnqa ol trqn r< d"r o,"r q s

n? a:lYtqu1vr Ld [unr:iasY- | , / s-?nnljtvd.3 n? a{ n']?2.isq

,aqodililetI''tiln ''t ? ?Q8

3arrflCInT?:6flo&t? anno{ I ua.J 9111

-t_ i_._,d"i ' nwo eu:l?c lEluuytn 1o?'1es loilarnnr:iieSeilEr ''rlJ9l?ulJ5

?:5iln??rros{ rnifiefi r fieafrarn''rrquaqr t o{ a a{ fiil:eT:n r u,.tr ?,.tudio'trifis iuAiuagl

9vU-n''rtrlJ:dljt:nusfl aitnu I a.l n..r:fluostu t aluacilniEl

4l <iz GxlrI',luilfla{ n ?:f{nu,l

6nrrus r' uduo ilalonrriuidl::nuc? a{qu r a{I

tdo s sv?D',9t'1tilUfl''t:2Afl

finuruc :J:s dr n:uas n r : r fi annairfi : adr.r.dr'l

on1uYlf,fll*1. ^{^ -11 dqo,"r svra?a{ilail t/ [unr:iasn1:n??adaun$R,tl,tu or r ndarfia

Ieen1? t ntT?11??lru aila

q ltufl'r:?taT"tvTfla:Jag

13

18

23


uod c

ood e

rr?tolBRtl,t

n'lnerl?n

a*a r r f{rsac nr r aidr r ane

aanr:iienr:aid:raaaf,airfirllnT:i{a

d:daenr:itauacis r duaurca:rjaoiiaf;a r duaurv

l111

38

48

53

54

s5

57

66


il

d9t'l:'lit?

1

drtiqar:rr

udosdru:uiasa" uncdrdfifir atnailfi:asjr.td r ulnn r rrfr aradau::n n a

udorr dru:uuasiasnrz as ncil6aadr I 6rulnnrrureir frara-. 9 o d e s

9 .,

uav n luilsu'l r ns?fl lJ lta t il1T ?',tultas fi .'t:fl uaqu I a{

udosrir rada ai:u r duot. xu!1err{lu uavrirn?1r r iaasnr:i:rid9

_<o q _,9 9 r, t 4 tn { 0 $R "t l,t fl 1 i lJ ? fl 't : d "r T : tt 0.! ! ? E I lJ't T ?

.'t u r :lu: r a a a.l !u

v, v 6 , v I I q C .qs € (v.n ? 1 :J dlt1dll6'? u T ?'t it I ? u lJ : 9t''t.i 31 i t n : r c T 9t.r il dd d Lri g i du

>TU-l

40

42

46

39


l

.rlg

dr:Sgnr*

n1r

1

l.t[1

u oh.ra zr urn nd r -r r rl i r s r : r l r i a$nlurrr ? oBE u c aio.tvai2llJrfauu traodrf 3


dxnn 1

o<lilnu'luasfl?ailnqr'0

a :r r r fiurrua" n :rrdrf,rus.lu

t 1r''rr?1u r fiuf:n r *aisfiul'tfiriae"[u:J:s, r ild"[yrs arnnr:dr::ail:cdrn:"hdildurfiarn:r rilrrrrun:ilu.d. zszl zsz6 uuirin:rn?,lildnaarJ:n rrirfi:riaaav 3.8 (sathit vannasaeng 198631g4) fi:l:snu"tnad:u"ln{ r iur:n r r rn a rudiohifir 6u4iu d'.: ilnur"[ud:r a rs 40

'- se iluasrill'rfl"lurranQrrrnnirruddrgtoii"r-, leurn 2526 : xi" - xii)ilgn rdrfiga a.: fi:J:s r nai rfifianr:iJ:nun:n?ou d's or r nqrd:lnio , duo u.o.n

n\6{:c6:Jdror a'[u r daod..: aqi r fiu r ra rlrurir"[fr r fion:rilfio:Jnfia a{nCIao r fiao r ftut.I

rj:cdrn nnaoeu?crrn:rrfirurrruT:nadrssiardar auinr:rdarnfirfizaraia:voirsl l du "[qinrr aanrfinr: r fiuuarafio r' f,u^n...,rr1BErn r fiufiu(Pickup 1991 e 519 ; Rifkin & porte 1990, gs6l

l ilrnr radr fiq:J:v n r:nfi..r s a.r n'lreruainrr fir]:eT:n r !,.rr ?.111 fio- ? 6 d 6ra

I {

n"r?o:!nr:sfi:rrlrorn"h r fiaq'lfi"lnfi r des:Jnfirr nfi4oradflaao r ?a 1 ( cahi I IL976 : 1O04 i Siperstein L9TT : 1060)

.l !.fl ''r tYtQv lJ: ? a I I "rT il''t g

- Z- ___q { v} ?^l_--:- 4 r 1 {fl 1:n ?ilnrl:solJu']el ''t o tu r aae tq ar:lesa r r ilufias qruanu r as adrl I ra{ uo-r- d r q d

s suasfla tu0it log rill.t'rc [urialaanfll?n?rnila1T..tt nr:aanrir6tnrg nr:ilil:cntusrriadoiu4iuadrt Iril1safil uuno",nfifisfiar r?suiuo"rliurr1d:ru

,9 o

n1:fluaeur a.l'[ur iarnrl ct ad r dla ( rgnatavicius 1991: 1584; drisl6 _<l qs v I s?::0lud\1, Lu?::01 rngruuytuavnilv, l::rutdn1r2533 : g) arnnr:finnr

r:rirfi:l:sdur1'n{fi.:ouonll r ao1:i r fierra ufiusr"[u r ia.:dio:rldrfiqd.3 ncir:fr rr fiu firJ:a,iru:urrrn"ti"tfiaand rdr n rsad r.,: oir r ora iilrl:cnrua,lx 1?T21u 5rt:J:sYtruarnr:arir rBers'r r a.r r fiufiu rir"lfia:lnr:"6rfirErro"[u.t9-a

<f \,f rr\,f ,.1 .AS__... 4 S,_3 - v ^ ,r aafl [o uJFt uncil [:nuntn7augrrs "1 r dozu ( ct2{nxo tn:aud:ri ZSZT z

7?t 6tnv idncuriu n^"oudu n, zs3o: 185, Z53Lz fl


2

flr?ouoeru r a{ z a{ firJ:eT:n r il,.rr ?,ru d:u"[n{, fiu , *uo ? a{ fl,1:rutda

:J5r r :Jdaur.rqdn??ilBasu!uu,arilnr?eir r iufliEr"lfraaonfias fiilnr:su a.,r I:n fl,1:^r:r-..-ti-.-.s3 r -o-e dg .6^.---- - 4 d o \,re:J:lJr:j0s[tr29tll?sQ1?il"?utaaill r:ht?a'll.'tll I riludsn:cnr16grn uase 4 e q9 3 o

e

a''t tljuqa{ t/n?'1il9t.3 lauosn?'ml,lEt"tEt"tild{il.'tfl (Arnstrong 19g7: 55g)----re:-.._,i_. s ,t 6^_.4_-C3,, o d a s s an''f ::lTll t ilasiluflFlfl::tl? a{ aJil2El t ilu t Ca.:ililyflau r ieei orfirilaienrs"[uuasRrsuan rdu n?"ru; fiaund il:sdrnr:nt rlfrfi'rfiuf:srd,.r.:xnnarax;..rir.4-.y-. ? t d ; 4 .l - -r

It:Jueu unn:rl5 t iat l:nas t ilud.rdrfiq usiornnrrfinurfiairuil.til:Jd,.r n1:fi

l. i- -S- dv \4 r , 4 .u I o vi, | , I rqvq 9e vn ?.m: | ? a{ tf n o8{ !ild'I il "t :n t :hr dfl rl: y fr u'[6 d r fr :J :gac iliidfl u16nfl n a{ ros,u

s v9o d . s d qi

n?lailJra r:J'rr?ru'L6dr r ta r olatj (Bloongard,en tgar : 268 ,Boonthip Siritarungsri 1986 ? Zg4 ; iaar fiun]sfie ZsZs: BS)

n ?1il; r €asT:n i{ a'1o"t:j"[dflaisfifiaraf oen:r eiar.rqBn::la ai firJae '[u:" Er"s , .._ ---1. ,r ?n''r er ail'r1fi fi n r :fi nrr fl aisvr r s 6 ruiqfi s r u d'o r da :fr as fi :rrqdn::il? a{ iln n a

rdu nr:ilidl:Tnusza{qlra{ (self-efficacy) a,.tfln1:finrru:.rdrvrt4awe(s{ao

n't ?:x?dili?nilsa o{ 9t1l I an in ?1ildrilil1iuacdrilr:nad:J,'tflT-afr1ur snr:9'

.-rd---...-t, r . o d !

r rjdauu:lasxq6nsril{a n ru-[u r ias nr:.,r odrrni fl15n arnlfirnfin n,.r:n il.ts9.i9

rir rio fl'r?lodld:ruasn''r:aanrir6.:nra1fi (strecher, et al. 1986 :Tg 91 ) drniln rrouoelll r asftuuud'l r'r,li;xidr::nurz a{ nu r o.r l{n:rrtl q1

e v J __- dl 9l sdillrrf uavdrrr:nad:J''r sr- a?i-ru'rErfl'r ?olranu r a\r fl as il:leeT:n r rl..rr:rllfi(crabtree tgBT z gz A., nr:il!al::nilsu a{aura{ rfiufi:rdar:"ndr.rn: rrifirnr:n:srir n'l?qunnil r as r u:lvnr:5ridr:?nrsa o{ n,.r:qIaeu r a.J ilu

q'dotflonaun?'lltl.tEt''t8.uJfiasn:sfrrfl''t:gtuogttrtoit (Moore lggo = 22-231 firlaafiin r:51!dr::nuc a a{ nil r ar {r trur asin ?1il1,18.rs-rr"[un r:ouaflil r a{ d{ rtos.9t-sg

guae'ruras"tfid adrsl:fiorrnr:finurfisnr:iridr:rnu"lunr:ounnura.lg-$g

---si. d d -, q r,r f _.___- d 4 I s stc a v 3 r,q-uacfl1r?a8n I ns?? a{ !ug.t:l?s L:n r urlaruils r ilunu-lrreHsildrfio 6siluilitae D o .-?.t f _.sl v ,. 5ra{na{fl"ttftfl}r']?''tatil?Et !:n r lrr?''tuiln'l:5l5dl::nuv'Lunr:ouanu r a{il,.tfl!a--. { q ---.g-. q v t r q - &uas l ilss [o na aoaudfl tl e ?''r :.Jff xfi uf, :cn d r s iloi:lillti lnu t it rJ:E n r :'tfi u ri

rnd n'l?anu1 :sss r ?41fl'r? r fiuTrn nr:irifirn$R,rlrfl.1:rinr:drniilfirj:ei|9.ut :J ''rr ?1uuo"nr:5uf dl::nuv"[ufl'l5gruanil r a{ , du t' fiuuo:nrs "[un r:d:e r n da9J$

uocdr l air'[fifi:Jaef :n I u.'rr ?rild,.rxlinouoeru l ao1fid#u


fl?ailnqtiifif"nr::te

nr:i6an*oi, fiun.rfinprnr:irtdr::nushnr:ouaflu I a{? a{ firl:ElJ:n r il1r ?''ru ir lfiilnnrrrufirrrli r fis:frar lfiud r l nr riridl::ouva an nu

6ldgr ar lunqudrasruuqt:'r z, fl1:fluaCIr r ar"lunqrfinr:uur:rrnaasTa r:rB ) l.aefiu1'',u"[uni"fin..'r"u,.'u,.,^z arf a r:n

b'qtn1T:lt?6[x??nuc r a{ otr r as -[unqr+fl

a at uluo: r

rrq ui n tr r 5 r i dr:: a us ? a { nu r a s fiau 1il ..r a 1 n il qrfi n r: r i sr ir r r fir n laa.Juullor''t nLlugtyt(Bandura L|TT a.: SB S9) lfirAuajrluudinr:r iauf arn rnE n",:nluac:J:c6funr:n1fiairul-.r fl-.r? r iauiarnr'oq,n,.,roiui.o "r , f,u9ti$i

-t--.2^.---ri"r a a ,rJ:c d:Jn r:iliiaran alnruqdn:?ila as ruud r ar nei r:daasfinr:"[i:J:sdrnr:rilt 6llrnlons ru r de:fildn tnnnr:nindsfiara r fioorilrr iaarir"lfi r ion:rr"r6fer.iqru-[a-[unr:ilavn:cfrrntafioiu"[alrin:cfirEral:]"[uar]Re riaaraneir:irrJ:vdrnr:nl'luodniaonanr:u:Jan?'rilnil"rBa ai ds r ir"hrilfi n,.r5 r rjfieuu:Ja.ruqfin::la ar rn n ain:rlKrfiuf fiun a r l r dailu'luor::nilv a a.J elu r on &rtilcr:1(Bandura 1977 a. : 791 nairadrn?''rrJtdafiu'ltoli?nusuavn?-.ul,,liulullaaiufin:rruqnEir.rfiuda 1) n?,.nr r doiu"ltail:?nuv (Ef f icacyexpectat ions I n rl r EJfis n ? 1r r daiudrqudrl r:nav n:vriruqor'n: :r,fiu "1 lfidr r 5a z, n ?']:J , duiu"[uaaiud ( outcone expectat ions ) Trf .rEo{ n1:o"toffs tujrnr:n:vf ruqdnttufiu 1 avrir"t:JqiarofiuffiErtfia.rn.'r: n?1il,d'utu'[udl : :nuc uas n ? r il r dailul,uara6r,rf in : r lfi uiud;,n r : n: cf rrqfr n::rfisudors r f,u:1116firfi

unno > uqfin::l

I

na'1u, dul,lluor::'us

> zunfiudII

n ?.m , du*u"[uoodud

?ilfi 1 : udo{ n :rrunnEirs :sn jr.r n ?"rlr r dafiu"llor?:nusuasn ?..ur r daill,uaraiuf, (Band,ura LyTT a. zT9)


4

rnnaasfl:vriruqfin::1"[o "r n6atif,ua:rfilnerlnrori..rdr r$an:"frr^--!-,*:ibvdr,'uqnn:?rur 1 as'lo-xaloiou6a..rnr:nta'tl racfla,mtdafiudrouio:rl

---d- ..-9--.-:'-- 3 lo-s--4 { y' d ., r .{d']rt1?ora?Qsfl :sn"tilqen?:ntlu [od1 r iania'[ri n?,lu r dailudrnriidl::nusos r fiufi :rit f,"[filnnain rrilrdarsril uann:"daiaiudaun:vrirrqdnr:lfiu

"r"tfidr r Solrnf,u uavfirrnna"tfi5:rara6rdnrilfinroni.rlioc r, fiuuro r air"Lfii

d.!on ?'llt r dailu"hdilr:€lusu a.J clu r a.J uas?ir"lfr r fron arldln6:fiaear u da:J:volfi:r

__{._r,_..q .t tr q q a , q d o qtgtrFlfl1?tltttrlltflil uCIntllffaotogatJtanuqgtn::il9t2tid1trqt-toflgtllavnr-lfr9tr-t

n ?'nJ r d'afi u"hail: ? nils fl a { nil, u o d ", a o u a v fi s n r in a r rr : r or tuEi a r n Ern r rnlfifias r ar?g (Bandura tgTT a. 3 TB 80 )

o&0t{tu

ag''tn il"rfl

(Bandura t977 b,: 195 ZOg)

f . il:sdrn:ildr lfofi:anurao (perfornance acconplishnents)dr r fil:Jr"drnr:nln:.r i.r fiarasran ?1il r dafiu"[un:rrdrrr:n? a{ eru r a.: r iu

--- 4 J q - {& *rbe uR ?1 lt I trAilU ludil:?t]Us? A.t ljn noriuil6 1ua''tfl fl 1 : toilr ailna'Ifl 4 7t,'titq-'u

z. nr:"[fi r 6u6:u:rrnia rfiu:Jrcd:rnr:nlz a.rfidu

exper ience I I fiu:J:c dlnr:n1n r o i arfirir'lfifianfiaenrldr fi6ufrr"tfinufidr an

ir16firf;s "[aunvrsrs r rg. nr:'t65:rd'adr:ffnas"[a (verbal persuation) r fiunr:i:rg

r o''rdrrusrlrfind:u nia'lfii:rrirdudrarnfi dul''' l f,ufr ala r daiar:u,rn ?.'rl!u !u

d''r il-r?n? a{ oil r ar rir"[fiin ?''r u r dad rnuier?1rrd1x''r:nfia"fir"[fidr r {a"tfi n.'r 5b v ,,. o<&o qqe r < .t o 9

fl Tc cufl 't ri l: dl::nus a a{ nu r a{ idriiler-[diul r n usiac f ao r fr e.J -h:c

ev fiu1duayraJaflan'l:d.t r ddxn?.m t danu [o lrilrnln

4. nr:nr"fiurirlrlol?ilni (Enotional arousal) rnnaasiritit

-'- d, ! {-. ; - - tr ,r eq e?''t I ila I R:Etquac9u t flua'1fl61n']ilnt?dn,l,J "l t du idnir ?auas du t iEt:u:,t6f^.-----.-l--3- -9---.ye yrd v r, <r q urlrdn1?v tg'uuQsn''t.t']u Loala lil9i Tlflrnnaitj5:r0urin2,lxaflnfr{?dShtas?10

.d^*-.q^. -t v q, q .. { t

on?''11[ doltu liln ?lild'tlt''t?nr a{ ou r a{ uasrnacdodu-landn l dar nr:n:vir-.-:- __ P .q _S_.i _.s_-!.- -__ cJ ,t ea. "i1.lqnn::iluu r: arafl I a8{ fl 1 ? I 0ldqRildn'liln"t :01u1 nr:un -[z

n ?1il5dflT aron ius u 9S -u - 69ainnils 2a a 1 aufr lolrn'l : dfi xauu"lfi fi u r a sfi :rdn'run. t,ffiu . il r nfrufi a"fi as,l

( Vicar ious


5

n''r?6i{ t d?ruacn:"fiu r ir"tfi'[6it,fr uo^fi0 4 id r firilaisfiiiyriua"lfi9!3aeqq<tvbtu!nnflrctJ?iln''t:n-ogtndu-[a ilnr:il5or?:ntrcaa{ntrrald..:iu n21ilnrflnisd - ---q o .-3--- 4 d . aI fl I ?fl rA ? 1rd1ri 1?n Lunr:n:svr ruqdn::lnds 1 fl a{ rtnn aasiR :rrugtnctrr fru

fruadfirnr:il:s r iun:cr:unr:n:c?i,., do ara:J:c r iu1fi B iA da 1) nr:iri$v.^rrds:s6rn?'rilEr''rni''rEr (Magnitude) fla.luqfin::il z, n:rlfiul,ol,urj:cornr:ni

q d d o 6re4o _-t3g3a_-__ d e- e 5r 6n ? 1 rd -l t ?a7r6t'] il'l ? nu,|rt'l [z ltln r :rlf, idian: : liln 6 r a 1 fi u'llEr r..r 6f n 1un.] ?rr( General ity ) g ) :s 6rn arl r dafiudruruirir6.: n:rldrrr:nuafiov r|frfifis ? gr' Ifon::ln1 16 (strength) (Bandura Lgrr b. z Lg4l rfalnaai:sriu

9I d - 11-__-." { q ,{t fd ,,?''tetltlldurtnus6t{ rnerl! r fra:frluqdn:rlliadnrunr:rifroufiat r clag Ias.,^:----.-?-..4-,.-.-'^.=-.*-=l- - o y,r o duelflf]rrrilu l,ltEj''tn I niln''ta{n?"rild.til"t:n3 a{ntoc{r'[:Jalnr:n:cfir rilanr:

,drq^tl:Jderuu:Ja.JuqAnr:x n?1rl.t8.'rEr,.u.tuosn,.r?n{ilqAn::rfiu . 't: ( Bandura1977 b.z zt]-)

c<lsn'r?ouaflu r a{ lilnqr1fl.l:ua,lil-lar a\r la r:l

n1:ouaflu r a{rrlsfi.r n1iilAfifi'lufian::lfi1on oi r druac n:"frr r dad u vtrr4 <rs Ifrtvinurliil{?ifl dznriluasoiadnrr,rz a\:eru n,l?ouanr r os r f,unr:n:sfrrd 6l .l

". "

'-'-ei--- ;---"

nQ.t lsuacrirnrnlrs (Deliberate action) un" rfian:s?ira:ir._:iil:sinBnrrdocid:udra"lfiJn r..: airs nr:f uflrdua"fiorurfl 1?fl ai ue,iacrnnao e 9 rvDo d

q

or r ilu1:J16ds dodl {o t dliEr ru I aiqna zs36 z zz zg,9, I I eq

sLa.r:l ( Oren 1985 : 1OB 109 I nair:jrnr:ouanuraot,f,u-.-a^ --- d s { r,qq ,..{ ._{o^- ^_.^? ^-- | ! .l

t,, duqnn::xyt I nonlnnl? r iEru-i-tddlidnfr:il16{usi r io rnna r ieui r fie:frrn-r:

ouaoil | a{ il1alno.-lu, du qilifiauov idn r:d r r iufl ioa al n{lnu"lufi.r nlil rrtetjqIiloiad:u1nna I ila:fi :rar g :cacfiaur fl 'l:uocar :s drn ru r fiudsfi fi araEiaa ar I a el.tta

? a{ innrriln''r :ouoeut' uo ntuo o afi uo" drr r:nrlfr ifi 1fi uuno.., niuEiac rn n arcs 3 --.t-" -"

i6nurun r aurnr iaiuuuu arun,r?noxduas sianr:n:sfiu fisnreluuasnlEranfi..--J o "i --...---!. , &{- ! a a

""unnCI1\rnu 3\tR?lljunnfl'ritrnairlirarnoanr:fiodr'louasnr:n:sfirnr:euonllrait-raeqdc^fl1:ll?s r ilu9rodu r {afl1?nrsfitnr:ouoCIu r a{ a an !nn oociol?ru..rfi.r R ?-rl

,,er.J.sd afl fl o a { r as in n il: c d.t n n c a a o ri s I lt I tt ? a.J fl 1 ? n?s ri r u a c aafi a s'tfi ir 6 :e931


6

---. d . , do a:lnnanuanlr r a{ tltanaildila{9tan'1Tgtttanu r a..:idr r ilu ( self - caretgal

requisites ) nl:ouanu t a.ldd1 r f,u ir r fiu r ilrnl'rE? a{fl1inrsri..tn..r:fluag-g

4 d" 4 ' 4ailta{ 3{n1:fluanilra{7ta'trrlnuri..:aanrilil 3 il:srnl (oren 1985: g5_

99 ; dlin ruta;ryna zsg6z zr Bo) fra

t. nl:eraqrrarfidrrfiulosfi:l:Jt

(Universal self carerequ is ites I r fiunr?gua r danr:d.,: r diiluacinrrlidl dznrrduns aiadnrr.r9.1

u a{!ano n'l?ouanur ar rnairfidr rf,udrnil!nnarnnufln:s ueifiatiliil"lfiistte

r n il r c d:Jfi :t:c scfioru''r n 1 ? fi an::rn r?qIanr r as fi dr r {uToefi r"tlfi ar fig

1. 1 nrlid.: alnrr{ fi.., uavalr,r? fi rfie..rila

L - z n r "[id.r n r :fr uri r euou n'l :is r'r Erfl as r de'lfi r fiu"lrjfl r il:Jnfi1. g Tnurn ? "t ildiloa:cn irs nr:fi fi an::riluasfl ,.trfin aiau

L - 4 Snprn ?1ildxoa?vn jrr nr :"lfi r :nr r fiud:ufi :fi :rnr :irJfrfilfiudt rrdnuatau

1,s nr:iarfiuiuEr:rseirr "r eiafliCI nrrrirnirfi uacdldfinrr1.6 dsrdirnr:rirnflrfiuacfigxurnr:"tfifirdodsdn nrE'[fi:sru

fitniluacn:rrdrrr:naa.Jgrtrta{ tp"oro'tion of nornalcy)z. fl'lrnuoslu r a.:fi6r r fiu",.,ur"ssfiorurnr: (Developmental

self-car" ""noi"ites l, f,uu rrlfi ar n1?n,l:ouanu r asfiinr: r rjdeuu:Jar

nril:vesfiflulfl1:aas.flior rdu nr."n,',rf;ourrrl"n,.,rraiqrfiulsrrfirdissrr{"1nianr:orunou r uo, dun.r:J5rfi :"[fi aaonfi a.r fi rdnrunr:ri r dr nr:{E idurifl:or'niar.raud n''r:ouoq* uodd-.,, f,u"-.,Lr"flsfiorurnr: u:i.,: r {u z :l:" lnr

z - L n r :fi oru r u a "

n s "[ id.,: R'r ?s n ?'r r r fi uadd de a dfl rduun : v il ?un r :za.:?isruovnr:fiorurnr:dd:a"lfi1nnaraiqrfi..,d:fii,.,:""[uieei]r "l da f;susi--tq a ,

Ion-[un::riua{r']ro'l :gndrsnlrffaan luieu:nrfio isnr:n Ter6n ie,iuiafi"[n{ uncied:r

z. z nl?quantr u ao r fiaflor fiu l:: r nr uasufilzrdaeianrrfiaurnr:rasdinarnnr:snrr I rdu

o",.rdu-ro, iuo,

fl"riu ranr:finr*rilryn rnr::.|5lfi:'[ufir nlnr:dq r iaqrfiior:fl ''r r z r q r dde :n rr.r'[unilrfi fl ,.r r{,.ru


7

r.i,drs<{vn''r ? I ila8uurja.3n ag 0 rr[guos d.l u :oo al

$d€r,.€- n "t 2s?ilfl 1 ? nonafl n 1{ o.lu6f u n luT d an ?,.t ljd,.t il 1 ?n

n ?''r u r 5 u rl a e : s sc dofi r su oc rl -l :" fi as fi a r: r a?qfi ln ? 1 ilh,.r rld. < d :*flltfluaflil r arfrdr r ilu r ilalilgrln-lir firudrnrr ( Health9oq

deviation self care requisites L fiunltouanu r orfi r fiofrl rduoo.ng3^--- 4 r { s q

'iln : rr r o!ilatiniafr nr: -[u:sn drr n r:n: raiiaisn i anr :inp1 ? a{ uundn1?onoerur asfi6r r fit"[unrr"fii 6 il:cnr: fiag

3.1 n''t?ud?{Trn:rlis uacn e rild:E r rd anrrn ?,1:J r rylu arfi:r

dnrunr:nl n*aanr:"2 asT:nfi u fiuads.z 5r:. uos r arlalaqruaatoa uoru..,;0i,.," ::rfir a,adn:"r,uoa

t*i,rnr:zorfiEr s -

3-3 rJ,frilfiorrluarunr:itnis nr:Snurua"nr:firddRrurdaflarfiua ? r ff r1,r Er

-.r idn r u u a "

n ..: "|, id..r n : r r d r r r : o 6 o, i,9 -'---'

g - 4 5l!ua" r ar"Laldqrron?rtnilR:rllil4zdlrsriaafaarnnr:fnrrlsjg

: :1fr.r aran:s nrrei afi eru rn r:z a{ disr3-5 rJ5I5ErlTufiArlua"Eal5lnrufinunlaasnil r o\rn-rrRr:vdz'nruuoc

saili:rdrqro a:16irn:rud:s r n d an r.r 6 run r:inulus-.r u 1oB.c risuiuanrli:ruarunr:dr riudio fids roilfiaurn..r?aa{flutair'

1r,<d _.___{ <t , o- J atr6l7ldoel"tln:rld_rlr:nfrtndaaei uaciinfisrflrnlrs"lfir nrrsdilflrrdnrud r fiuai.:

Syfron::lnr?flBaeurarfirnloltdar,.".ri. "l uuouuord,ir rfiufia.:n:vri r r daErauduas sron r rouaCIu r asfi dr r f,u r isni r

". -rrfi uo n..,, n,.,rrur"u,9gtalfilnlo (Therapeutic self care d,enand.),irrfiufialinr:dru:ru

( calculate) Jarenr::Jtc r fiudouasdrHuu ar nr:n:vrir "iur,fis

rirr'aridfi,.io1-.

r xr,''rE 6lilTir Q'r r rjuoar n:cnr 10g r au tcluzi:.,: r :o ru as dn run r:nifiun , danr:a stiiir Jn:r dir.r nr:fr rnfi rd fi*u,rn.r? rr1 :cdan ru uCIvn ? rilar,.r dfl a as ?isl(Oren 1985 3 BB, 1OO i Oren 1991 3 1BS) uana,.tflfifiu.finrraanuul( Des ign l n:rrfia{ fl1?n 1:ouaflr , u.rfio"rr,ils {s irfrr fis a:r1filfiud:sr drrnr:n:sf r n:ailu uo ,, ., -,niganrud , iiulfinJl"o..rra r anr.tfi r rilrvdrr"Lfi n r r rrile'rE'l rru a r r ur s u o s n r : n:

" ri r fi u1 fi n : r lEi a r da r daon fi ar fi r fi onr : r

3.


I

du"r'ludind:ufi :uac n : ailo t : n 1? aafl urrn : r rfi as n..r ?fl ..r :ouoeru r uo fi o " r"

-c-.( e < ,::-.._,i_ q , J__. _ d _C_"1 4 ,dallrufla{iln'l?:15ilt:Jaielu-luuEtavde..:rearfrnr:ouCIelurasfrdrui]urrlderu:Jas"tl irneir:"tfiir n'r?qruoeru r a.,: r fun:vu?rn..r:fl:sr{rdhiusardvir r fiufia..:fl

rs ,d ad t

- ^-- t

nr::Jir r rJdsuidn r: uacd r6:tnr:n:clir"lfi r nrrvdrCI,ll ! ?o1uas dnrrnr :niadsfaaor?a''r (oren 1985 : 87) n1:aanurrunvdlil?rln?-rlrfiasnr:nr:

I

ouaer t alfr sn ilqfi as a r fi en : rlln ?ril r fr r"[a r fi a:fi ldnrun r:rffi r ar?nrad fl ..rfaag_,r{r9u ''lfln ?''1il:T ca a aflur:1fl:r l6at nr?fl'r5ottaflu r asfilnlo"lil r n il tcdr ar arir"[fi.gg

- d S.t <{ rrq t Q ia,LflFtR12s tn?8clr:arinarlldnar rilunr:v16 (oren 1991 = L4r)!u

q 9 Y &v,vt-lunr:dnurnitil-[il16ilnurnrrottaqil r a.J z a{ fi:]:s r lJ..rr aruToBsr:sIturq4d,lunnnu']fl'l?:lj:dil55nUs lunr:ouaflu I a{ ?r r ilunr::J:c r iustu r as r fisafi!

et:rldrlr:nil"t.J nr::Jfrilor'nr:"[unr:ouaou r a{ uas r f,uilaisfiavrir"trJ{nr:i r :'r!u

!!os fl'lrniuqfin::rnr rouanu r ar fiu"ti fifii:.rirr,::nu""[un r:fiuaflr r a{ d.rs !r 9l -' aj sdravn:c?i1fl1:flttaqlr as16d uun...,nfinr:ionr:oroeruruoiru"roarafitaog.)z aarfio L r: ''rv fl ''rrfiuaoil r an a a{ uEios:rnn a , fiunrou.unr:n:sf ..,diffu"uu

s€ d ,_.ia \4, y I d q .i dl dLtav2i'fl -l:7luFlfl9l"lit nu Lst unirasil t ilrnilrgn'l:ouanu t atyr r nilaununqrnturril9. qS ru / d gdff..: tlduaniil:J:cdrn r:fin r: r ifluSflaiedru:Jnn auasdnrun r:nidr u:ofialz as$oi

ue,iasrnnn3

q e gilaasrul1u (Basic Conditioning Factor)

il o 6 ufi ug r u"[un qrfi n''r : rd Err :r'] o a a r T a u : r r fi u il a i En r EJ "[uu o c n ] tl u a ne d"l .6r <!t I | .- rsfl?rnRanilaloflan?''lrd'llJ,l:n-[unr:qruanut a{ liailatanatrrottoslJ:il,.teuu o.J.t'g

n'rt"oadda , f,*u a.r rtnaa nr:fior:mra: rrdrrr:n'[unr:fluanu r a{ uas99

n 2 ''rilea{ fl1:fl1?ouaou I a{fi{rilo is fias rirfi,.r fi.: floiafiuxrud:16:elfiuri1) a''t8 n rrd 3) :vEsfiarrnr: 4, ar:c5[znrrl 5) ff.:nlaulos?iltiEil.ta

:J:"rufi 6) ilqignr{:srrlfl'l:nuadun1il T, ?c!:tn?arni? B) nrl:Ju6m'tlt

nr:dr riufliEr e) dnrrdfiaearfiEl

riur"[fi1fi (oren 1991, 1"96)

10) unairrl:r1srrid rfissrounvdrrr:n


9

d ^e-:.-g- -- 9s s ' { oI u a { a 1 fl il a a fl uuX 1 lrl an du a Ei a n ?'t il d "t lJ'l T nfr a :, n : s ri r n r : o u o fl u I a itv-H^..^=--&-, r--r^-d- s -.y^.y.-.!y e v - "'

totit ]rlrlJaaEuux''tu ot trvrav iln ?,'t ildilfr ilf, fi ln r : 5li ol: : nus t1n,.t ?ou anu r a{- ,, 6r

-^_i9_. 3 & €t -g_-.,q a ,t - a

? a{ ilnnafl2g lunr:aagn5ril r dand{nurilo6s r ud fl,1?ftnu1 :v8c r ?o-.rfl-r:. -6-.S-- e ,e s q s ] rI uu rrn uasnlTill:6i{n$n'lr,tn,r"x-n..t:drn5:rfrrla8 r 11n?1U 6o:rEac r dao

ot9q;I Y r'rlna tilu

d^.v-:r--i e a ot ilt{ t ilunaiefr n rntrolnl''tn-lilR ? axn 5 :uas fir n I r udnfil uav I urld-.trldro6lditrlarailn?rxuflns,i'rriu turiarunai.,riaqoril?d1? n1:rierutuayrl:Ja:rnr:ninr:gilol

n?vyr rdan:rxfl ''r?ouaflu r as r rdEi rs fiuirriravin r :i:rldil::nuv"lufl 1 ToIa9g^alglu I 0.37191"t.3f'tll

n'r"annl nr:finuriai:uafuroi'l1fi1nnaiinn'q rrfraro fifiinr:tsuta c I 6l v tu | \,9I 9e

' d annt'ldnrnn'ln?1ilt?1 [Anx?axapi'lit 1 16jr8 :AflUd?{T1narot1^t11Fpts!39

drlr:nuilan?'l:JrrlEr udvfra''r:mrfioRudrsirr 1 "lfiadrsnnfiar firfiunr:(U

3 5 | <l e, v lv v I ., 6fi np1 Q{ il't Qv ila ?''t rdlul,tlrfi iln r :i li dl: : nuv-[un r roun qil r a{tl 9l

?ssc r?4,lfl'l?rfirl:n rdararnnl:nuanur ar rfiuuqfin::rfi rioorn.tatn'r:tiEJuS (Oren 1ggd : 1OB - 1O9) :sEsr?o.tflr:lfiuT:nr!.lT:ruilis. v 4v { a} v_ a q _ a,. d 1n?"llldLl1.lll6'fllJfl''l?llSuiuavnl:isJru1frnuv-lufl1?fluaRutanaa.rfirJag riatill

s I t <t et , a {t?n aEr'lul.ltJ?sac d'lr 1:n t ieuiil:c d:rnr:ri r ds:filn r rouaflu r a.t "[il r tas sirr 1&- d+ _ -nea ue ,las o o e u d1rafl a1 nU8{ X lan16t l,oi,:r:z arad''r ?d-r ? 165:rd ruus{ra rn r 6rnilriruav rn n a

9

:a:rfr rs"tfirrnua"iTafl T d'tfi r fiufi :urla a.,: firl:a]?n r r,.rr ?lil:,.rBdl 1 firfiu4-1. $ | .{ __.u^r-lJ v e. e,:cEtc r 20-'tn''t? r rl1l [TarI{il'lasin?1ildilfr16fi1nr:5116il?tn11c lun,l:fluaflu r a\rqS

o Jt' a q r f a

. fl'lrrrJ:n{nBR'llrfl17xan1ldrriilFrl:eLulr?1u :rinr:6rudznruiilir r ilu iloiafiuxru"[uai:uz a{:cilln.1:ouadu R11,, firJ:er:n r 11,rr:rufi,.rf :r-.i. q r, r <{rinr :'[uu arunililreran iln :rrdryl :n"[un1:ouontr r aifi{rrnu r a{1fi rinr:d9r- $ I a

n loi rd.r r til:s !iln'r:l.J:r 1 u''r attxrdfi lduuua""lfi n ? ril;' fi nuus z a{ u?n r:u act d d ., 1..

e

r n a 1 n : r n al r tr r ilud.r u : o fi a xd fi il ? I i rJfr fi r fi u#fi a u1 n n *..r fi il.r ; il n 1 i er : ? a i nult t $ - --.t---'---"--!..

nr:iriar??nus? o{eru r a{ ec r fiorf,u r dainr:ir!fi a4a f,uu"ffnor'to nialfiiJ

'l- ' o o^--^.-?-.vv" z --o-.t y.g-.=l

t o, ,,,oo

t . ora n 1 dfl ? c7r'11{qern??rru -[odr

r ia n i a 16 r fr u6 aur:rni a-ldilIan..r ddl 1 s n ? 1!Copyright by Mahidol University

?,-- ' - c, q ?flurnsfiuflqnn??illlu ei

10

fitfiunrrlinr:fiinrrtfio.-,n; inrrf,uurlfi r fir1oI iolanr rtfr

fi rl :eSd:tiertun r :rirnuoien:?r$4n{ I il'lnil1gn1?9tuogtu I a,0.91

I

n 1?ornou t a{ uasinrtSoion::1"[f, lfi r fiufi auuln $a1fi ilanrailnn:cfr rnrroranu I a{ acd:8lfifirIaelfi r ieluiuoufiourfinuslunr:ouanu r a{ n-rrf lifirfl cun'l.ua o.r n r : rin r :i{ dr osin : r rfirfiuCfi unr : iu!dr::nu"1un r:ouanu I aira ar firJ:e

n r :fi nprn r n e r rfirfi u#a as iloiufi ug.rur -, r ilrc n r rfi :rn r riuiorr? souslunr :ouaou r a{ es, fiuuu:n ", s lunr : l drn : r rdrrr r:n"Lun 1 : fl Bnnil L a{ s a{ fi rJ :e.i------ - Y&' g ", trt ilil:lEtrRna [oil1nrfu

;ng!"",d{6n1g:58

nr:i6en€s fii :Erarl:s ar d r dafi nurfis1. nr:Suidrrlour"!un'rsonoerur a{u as firlrer:n r rru:rudiold

4.s,Agerirduddu fis:rsnr:ounsffle::il. nrtirifi.rnunrunr:rinr:drntufirJrsr!,rx?.ru

g- n:rrffrfiud:ondrr rud nr:finpr :sss rra.rn:r?rfiuT:n .uaonrrTlifir n$R'liln'r?utnr:drnilfirl:e r !.rn?1u, fi unr:iutdil::nuc"lun,r?

'ronoeru r a{fl a{firl:aI:n r rrr:ruriolil$riu4il4 - nodal r nta.rfiarlts t iudrtrouoluna?eruanil | a{aa{ firlrsf:o

ulrnlrudio'lddoitqiu uas rn*arSarJ:c riunsrnrunr:uinr:diniufirl:ar lJ',lfr?'lu

ersQ$umr35s

iuifi t nnra run r :ttn r : du 5l fi :J ae r u 1fr ?1r fi n :rrfi rfitdfi lnr ril!d1ttnuvq, vr 's s.^!' ^

s'[tnr:quanu r a{ n ar firJaeI?n r rlr?1urfio'tdSr iudiu

.l

flaiefiulrurdsrfi! rud nr:fintri :sesr2a.rn1rrfinT:n uasflr?


11

rail rrnn'l?ii8

n r: i6en *.r i, flun''' rfi nrr fi .r n :r rfirfi ud:sn ir.r ilaieiuo ru r fi safi nrr.rd nr:finur ?uEs r 2o'rfl-r: r fiul:n nr:iu!firn$r,lunr:uin,.,ld.,rf1firl:Elr lJ'lr:ru firnr:i:riar::ntrv'[1n11o[aflr , uo'u ui firJ:eT:n r rt.lr:ruafioilifi.riuadu nairfi :adro, fiu6rtru filriuuinr:arnniinJ:n r rrx :ruuarunfid:guanI:rrer,,ra:rrifi f;onulrdau n:na.rnil u.d. z5s6 fir l6au ao"r..,ruu.d.z5go dru:u zoo ?..tEl

b3r'flannO\t t ila{nU

?l 4 ,d.r $ q .iar:l:er r rl'rr?1u r ilufifrinarlfinn'o i rrsraa drrrrnil:s r iuuasfioiudil::nuca a{flil r ar"[6

-r_ t_. ,rd yls. qer:!, Latrunn,tfl?1es [ailernnr:iig

1 - 16vr:rr:"6unr:il!dil?rnusl,rfl ''rrouanu r a{a a{firJaeT:nt r rr l rudiolid..r itaiulosr.o,i.r r.', Err r ?o,lo o", ilnu.; ;. i;; ;"..., { u aru

dr r diunr:f uidl::iuu"[r n,.,rouaCIu r air

z. "tfivr:rr:"Hunr:iuifrrnunrunr:rinr: d'oou,, {unu.n..,s"[unr:

:J i l d : I n run r u n r : u i n r :"[un iinJ: n L r,.r r ?,.r u

B. 1fin:run:rlfirfiu6:vrdrr rud nr:finpr ?yErs r ?a,lfl,l: r fiuT:nnr:iuifi..: niln1ufl 'r?rinrr fi lnr:il6dr::nusa a{ flu r a{, du, fiuou:yrrr l,unr:drldirnr:fridr::nus"lunr:ouoouraslfi rrrrcdrnril rurf nr:finpr?s Bv L 2 o 1n 1 : r fiul:nuoc nr!nr :ir!fi o qeln rrn r :rin r : ? a{ fi rJ :eueias n6in

4 - ,, fiuuu:r,rs"[unr:fiorur , n *as fia:J:s r iudl::ous"[unr:oruonu r air{^ -st-,, q -u a s r n i as r a :l: sr r irn$n run r : uin r : d r r i r fi :J ? tr r lJ.lr r r uEi otj


t2

aloUg,Ir|fl?UT:

n'r rilidx:t oucl,un'l : oganil r a.r ! a{ Ad :eT:n r r rr : ruiliolridr iu4du-^.--.!---4&t.{,"Til''rs6l.J a ?"m r darua o{ F:l?E r iler:filn:.rild1rJ1?n? a{ nr r arfiacntcfirfian::ilr dan oldua{ n''r roraru, io dd.,, fiufi o r rrdrntrfi :lat r urr a rulfi dr r f n,tr" r iuIee"[fful:rrl:s r iudl::nus"lnnr:ouanr r o{z a.J irj.uTro r r..r??..ru dsair.ra''rflfl:arJuuafionr:ouaflil r as r as Ia r rl uacnrri:Jidr::nu"a as 01 r a{ fl asulrtlcll''l losloar fiuflfsfie urisrfiu s rl?o fra 1) fian::1"lu?iEr:Jrsdriuz, iqn::il r ds:fi:rnr:inpr s) fian::lfirunr:ifirfirfi.nrufirrfiduuarnrr"lfiunrit rJ:sTsrri

nr:SriisasR'nffl'r:r?nrrd'rnirfirl:err-rr?,lu nrrsfirnr:i:r!zasfirl:ades6aA^ts

r ils :fi rnrun -ruz ar uin r :"[un fi ilnl:n r rt.'rr r ru "[ud:trs a{ fi nuuc n r: rinr:uasddr..rnarn:fr r frsrf ar :J:s u iuToelfiuru:J:v r iuqrunrunr:rinr:drni1fi:J:a

4.r'ssusr rrnartdrd:rs LflE?ao-t srufl [efie

''

nr:fnrr nilrefis 6rlauflfi fi :l:s'[6tunr:finur arjr s, fiu,r., nr:"[uT:r r isuuns dnrfitn r:finr*r

rssu r ?o1fl'lr rf,ul:a rlrefis druatflTasrl:olrrudfiilasil:r:Jdr r fiul:nl 1r'lr a''r1l "[un:dd:"Ec r ?a1fl.r: l fitT:nEtrndr r fl "[fifi:r r fiu 1 il


drtnn 2

dd e?tT:[fl::ltn t nE?! a\r

n r:i6sn*sfi r f,un r:finurn rrrfirfiud:cr irr iloiafiuX,.ruu,.r{:J:snr:\'f e -...^ 4 s e D€ atnlln Luft fl1:6nD'] ?sEsr?a''tfl'lrtilu [:n ttovnl?5tt5ir.:nnrarunl:!-n..t:

sl' 9t s ----- ,t v1 r<l s .snrfl 'l ? r ljr6utr: nlrc liln''t Iqu agil I a{ u a{ at?s l:n r u rn r r udilo hiilt dlrdala$!u'

9Qv 9iro u.l.lais [onrnloaartfln?a{n''r:ynJil?r??:mfl::uuas{ruiisfirfis:fra.r 6sEialrJfifia 1) fl1:orlonrra{aa{fi:l:uT:nru,.rr?..rudio'1,:jira'uoiu D nr:i1i$ s y r

'-'-i--- $

dil::nusza{nilra{ n1?oraqrraruavfloiafiuxrufifiarnr:finnr fia rudnr:finrr :ssv r 201fl "r? r fuJ:nuasnr:iuifi\tn$n1ufl ,r:rinr:drni:rfirl:El

luts

rlrlT?111 g) 6nr$cro*u.lialonr:5lidl::nus?a{flutaitU

n1?guanu L a{ ! a{ {rl:el:a r urr:rrriotiis iraar

T:n rrrr:rudrrr:nui.roan't6rfiu 3 nail fra 1) I:n rrt,.rr?lu,t.3q.qsqdiloil.rduddr z, I:n ril1r?lildtoLifisiuaiu s) J:a rrrn:rufiildrrngrI s ," d -l

'-i----

^- -- '- I

drrfiuneirarnr:riadnr:sza.:Trndu,r rrlu n:rrio:Jn6aar6laau rfiufit(The National Diabetes Data Group tgig 3 1041 LO44l fi:Jtsf:nr1r.rr:ru'[ufi"[nrtfi.rrrorulrr riurfinlilfisiu4iufirtasa" 8s - go "[uair.:

:J:c rnafirl:anariai:u1n{osiinuurfi.ur",n,]irrJnfifiriaen" 6o eo a,.rn,r:

aarf:n finrdul:rnnlufifiiarsrfir ao il f;t1rt ( Matteson & Mc connel1s88 : 2981 T:n utuerudiorlifi..riudiuiaroil'ralflnerlhidroa:sndr..rnr :fl audua..r si aiuaiil? os,, f, u, duo^" n'', ro do iugiu ( Def ro n zo, io n"donn"& Ferranini rggz : 3181 forailrdrfilriaufi.tnodirriuaiu"lfi usiarofin:rrfiarrlnfi"lunrm6.:ua"rrianr:aunqn*uariuaiu uou71{6p.oinrlufrorjnfi'[unr:rfir BuaiutJ"tta ao, f, u, fi a fi lrtanfi ru, fi u arndr r nq r n ai rfirir"lfi nr: r arl g.f orqlza{tnrilllg to?l "taiulrj:dufio:Jni ua"ifirErra"turfiaoosf;u rila:rHlfi,.'r.^


L4

6r.{l ,dtul[1taao4\tll'lu 1 Qciln'l2su7t:ndaugtaa?E|?s9t'l{ 3l nfl:slJljza{d1{n-l8ua39,'4?-n-'nDy v -._ _ _ dq q ala yr, I I q o u V r<!tnr.Lrlorirnr:5nu'laliriun?''rsd{?iEr'td ufiirflooru ocEr-l,iinr:inurJ:ntlrr:ru"lfiursaro uErfirl:sar!']?nnrlntT:nuasdr:sfisragrsaranlfifirtlva e

t , o r G

t'to5rnr:iflD1uacflBanu r ait aslir air r dla nr:inur {rJ:eI:n r x'rr ?.ludio

'1 ,<! s ,q d 4 r <g .{ d - ?ttru{ audallil t il1111-lEil:sfl'ltrl.t na tr.rantilatl:sdr{rnrauasn''t? r cJ''tao'lnl9q.q_. _' _ qeq e..r_ | q c, 3 <i 4 v ? stut1.tfl']8 tfl Lflotng{lnn il:al|?t.ttrau:ttn-luasija{nIa1n1:durfroarnuetl idn.ntz asI:nuaun'l ?unyt:nfiau 6:eidn r:n ?ttaro,ln 1r n,r: aandl6n

srq qDo o d d - ni q

n'lE n1? [U s1 ttas-[tdluuv{ri r frs?ix I -a.] a-tn,l? n,l:;nu,.tdz au,lfisrayZ u v 6t "rdr,

e

fl1:n?1lnilu1lunfl?lrntilTA?il (Ignatavicius & Bayne 1991 : 1Sg4 iMarble, et al. 1985 : 353; Matteson & Mc connell 19gB z 299

300 )

n15fluanu t as r fiuflaiafiin rrrdrfinri'r arrir'trJdnr:n:lnlf :n'tfiTJsSq d s -idr t:a [:dtruacnos (Rost, et al. 199o : 1111 11191 {rnr:finurq.?r S ----,3 Y,.$ - .q , d stuatil?E [:n t!1T2',luduot Lxl.t{ald6ir1.t1l?'l n?"tilnu a\]}tndn::iln.'t:ouognrt a\:n q -r""----"--;'

doers?o{;l?a$a'lT'l? fl1?aanfl'10{fl'1Et uovfl''t?il?v tltu:c6Iurnra-[urdao6:anut a{(self-nonitoring of blood glucose) d'lrl''rrnfirursa?1iltt:J?il:?uaa{

o ?-- q { y}- a __ r,r S a y,Cfl'ltn?ilnl|ty9luu']n'14 !tt aao [on$:a8ac- 26 aril:g L:n r lrn?-rud{o lilil.]tg3. r- o ( |, d^^---ri--^--.-r- o .la 6t9 b eaildalra''t r ljuo a { rfl 1 : I :J a glrtt tjo r u n lu aril n'l ? o r r { d i fl

-|,T d a fl n 6 a s fi rln r rct

{anru uarun''r:;nu'l uovdru:arfiarza.rIsrnsxnna a'rnn''rrar'rr.r?:?mfl::ltt-_S:._d d u ?l I .q v,.l q .sllocfl'1??Q8rtn8?flljn''ttouanilra{?a{c,tJee [:nrlrn?1udiq1id,:auddt ilxd..l

o d a !

.-"ri''r:nisi1 rilaflaildra{n''r:ouanur arfidr r fiu"[u r ia.:drfiq 1 d.:sia"tili!

1 . :Ji:r r :Jduuuq6n?:iln 1 : ;x:J:sr ru a,'rr 1 ?Iosn f iln ild,.ru ?uro a a d<l ,a re | -l--,.^-- .i--- e ?" q r{ qr,rnantru9tuacr?r']il?a.la']rt:uoav:J:s tnn tianrilnr:c6:JirErra'[uraao-|,l

q-? <f I { _g_:,-..i _ .i e q 4t Z v etfl a I n8.J ljfl 9l aoilaag t dE{ a''tnnt ts [a nt-tu I daqd.] noafl aun?:lnililnind?qr. t6l v d 6 o

e q-[nagr-lu:v6:rilrrrrsdr. nindrfiufia.rdrfi..:firnr:'[fiiua-'rrr:filrdu rnfiaud9.1 r3 q ql, <t r v?9t'lltu tilrl,t8{rallnn?"[tfla{n'l:fl4{i'l{n1fl (Matteson & Mc connell1988 : 300) alrr:nr{fr1flro:ona:rfitil:srnnfilin2..ru6o rfianriar


15

u a{ orn r:fi iarnrirtfi:rfi:rfi rnrn"[u r 6ao r dilaeirs ff r"r r du arn r:il:v l nrrufl suoc o'rr'', tdi"[ufi r in r nl r nfi { r o 1 I diorz as }l:dun :r, fiur rnfi fi1a fi ufi arfi aer

d{t n1? t fi anrfioz aslz fiun :r'[fi'[z fiufi truvrulzfiuarnfifl { uun"-'nf,o::rJi:ra:Jifienr:5!il:cilruarnr:"[firfur:^rTuas g fiu ronr:ir:l:snlua1r,.r:

Srqaldl uasnv:lilrslarnr:"[uusraciu"lfirrir 1 fiu tiaor 6ueTsfifl uacadfiEldrd, "[loricr nuraigna, r::urf,nr: z5g4 : zsa)

z. :Jirnr:ririon:rlunsfl "r : aanrir6r nr e nr: aanfi r 6.! nrsdrilr:nid:snofrrnfinlfi r firadrr duas r f,unm r drnr:f r{,.rua uo nfi..' r, , f,a r drnr: l 61 1-

?aaro''rq? a..:{r n ra"tu.ir.: nrefr rlfiaon:rrfiar nr:iudfiuor1fi uu u qa{uaalyr:r:rdlad ttasnils (paternostro - Bayles, €t al. 19g9 : 94 - 86)'tfirirnr:finur arar a{ nr:ifion::l"ludiErrl:sdrluz ar fi:]:sanifi:J:s r fiul:nt l,.r.n a rudto"t!fis iuailifra t duouus d r fi:Jael?n r rt'lr e rudrlr:nrirr,.rraaflri rfi ..r"[fi unUn :: r f,uo'''udfi ar"lfiri r dr lr n rfi s arnaanrirfi r :J:silr$ zo - 40urfi n::izierfin drdrfiqdnrl:"nrrrdrA*afiarinr:ir:J:syrrua.rrr:"[fi r fiur ?nr r u: r sn fio nr:aanfir6s nr e:sfirfirEr r a"ll,i rr nr Eas , ,tr^od.., ^{ ! fia1fifin:J:crtril go urfi :tfirfirErroes ! drnrfiunnasdsffu r fia"lfiilrl:cilruo-lr,.r:n 1? r fian:J:c r nnn''r?oanrir fis fl'lsz as fi:l:aT:n r u,rr:rurio"t:jfis i1afr1i.J n ?:

<Jq<ldtrr-sdot9t danidnr:fr 'lilfi nJnli:riauuac r nilrcdilfi ldnr ?ca a{ fi:Jas r du fi rJ:efi iilnn rrde:fi:rr'rr:"rfiurdaodr niaiuarafi:Jarsrfir'tfii,.,uu.i"dnrduoniruun,i,.,i.-nr afi :enr : r 6u dau r drl:J:un:rnr :oanrir 6{ nr sn ::inr:q: :adr::nR..nlu airi r.: n rsuoc a adruus{rarnurndriat "[urrr :ren 6r fl 'r r r drTrf :un:ilfl .l:aanfirfis nrear afiasior:ruril5rz uroa a{ s,l uacnr:ir:J:cnruarn r:fi:El(ltarble, et al. 1985 : 460 461; dual ail1na ZBZB z tZ4)

9!${uanarnilnr:aanfir6{nlgaa:riradrsair r aloluln 1 iu d:t r.".rduunc s d -,,- -d, { n eo ot . -l e bnrdsfl 'tsna: r iltd:rfrdrsnrflil:cfir{roradsdofi a:J:cilr$ 1_g irllslfisfl a

alr''r? (Blevins & cassneJorr in Long & phipps, ed,.19gg : 919)

B. qruo1fi1fia1n1iluarunr:inur fi:l:uTrn ru,.rr?..rurfiolildsiuoiusttt"t'a a I q.i .^-_^___r-, {a''tQ [o:ljfl15?fll*',]et"?flidnrrn?xQxo-lrr:adrl Ioga o?:Jnra1T1:??rnrn,.t?93


16

17sr rifl irrJ:silrrr ianr :ioiu{iu fi 0fifrufi ,rBridnrruas n ?..ril?unr{a a{J:n (Harble, et al. 1e8s , ,rr, 1un:dfifi:J.uta;uu,.,rir;r,lr"r-,uni adoil4iu,ir r f,uo" fi ar 1fi ilarir r drafl rruoun.r;n*,.r uosn ??dul,a r isui.,

t a

-'- xct-rr o.D! g

duu'', rl:s rnnu a{s'l n'',ruunqrf, uacarn.l:firs rffogsaa.JEr..r rdar1i:r:sErsr :nrnr:1fisrua"nr:5uil:cnrua'lrr:"lfi rrrrsdr drrr:nfir rnEruayilarfirarnr:fr rr r dar arnnr:1fi sr1fi

4. Snrrdzauriafi:11tl"tfrfiaqlrdra nr:ouadaaurfiszo.,:dr.:nrsr findsfidrdql rn r dar o '',n1uo'',."fi""d:rirErr o"[u r d aolr fir zoo mg/dra u i c., afi r"[fi n. rri'', o r u r fi e : fi r n a"tn n r : il a s fi un * A ; ; f, ;. ;;r, ; ;;, r afi a I a rdrsnr:ririnr:6orf,a1fiira (Marble, et al. 198s: z3B 239) 6tir9t o o ( e v . tu6! 2Ela{ a r r :lusra.! Snrrn rrrdc aroa ao i rr nrs :s i{ nr:fiar r da n fiun: raofl 'lr r fiouaraniafi o r f, aati r dro uuno",nfio ::ias fiunr : r fi onr." ;rfur,.,i

in Long &

dan6:rErr.r n dorvriudrrrqr"lfirionr:fiorflalfijrs rdu tanfia "[fi:ra**taninui lanzrnfil rfiufiu (Blevins & cassneJerrPhipps, ed. 1989 : 936)

s. ouarfir fi:J:Elr:n ru'rr?'run l7'tvirnr:rfiorrouararir :rurfirJoe r au ro"[u:r Bfiinr: , duru ar r fiu r fiaouo" r fiu:J:sorrrd:u:Jnrs ,

"r.n , du

t iou aafi nn r Bff r uacfior, f, u, *ui., ara''r a r iuor r r qr1fi fi as fi qfi : r fi rni az rlfifi:J:sirn::du"[aflua rfiragrssia rdao]oan-'rr;n*-lo2,1ildsarouasds r air"lfiinr:'tnarisuaas rfi'acr"Lfidaqirara rarenr:aanrir6.r rfirfirsnr:r6u nia

q "i qg !l & o <8n-rEr!TT'l? r ua !n r oaoxl r aiso r nrdd'u ndn r fiernrril"[urirfif r"lfi r fiao'tnarisulild rdu ir"tajfir.: fiurfiuurr 1 riadsfi:rrfis:r,,f,ur:^111111 1uun."'nflo ::fl as fiuiun:rado",, fiof,ufi l r fi rTorsnr:d:r:ar l fi rdrir r 1fi r iuiffsadtdla rdnrds.rnr:udrfir"[uiriau uoclin::unrniaro.ouiui-rfi rfror? r :rur,fir firinarrriarrJnfiniarfiq:rrouaadarirrirnr:inpr (Dal;, clarke& Field 19BB : 1s9 i Levin, in Levin & o' Neal, €d. 19BB . 42; narffEr firi'ta zszl : 9 11)


t7

6. risuiuo"fiatfiusunilsalfluBrBdnruunsnr:5nur "LtfirJ:etr:nr u r n : r udio't:ifi s iu 46uvri iln 1 ? c n.r : a : :r n r1r n 1d d u a

" r n i a1fi e r 1i'n u r s dr

fiu:"fi:.rfirn rn"[u, du"u'',. u iuor r rErrir'[fiiflEn rnr:":"Hrfirnra"[u r fiaoor rta3 q r -ve ,r s

Er r aro:Jnd16 fi :J rszrn: r aicn ::du"[a r ieuiila r idn rua at I:n idn r :n :rn rT:nuos r €euiidn r

"*.u r n fi onu, uo o',n uu;;#r ; ;,'uro.., no,., r" r" aofi l; ;;;;' "

r daoasniasirfio:Jnfi r du !infis r fleo,rr.r..r? r dauz a.Jfl,r:":"firfirErrn"[u r fioorgo rtuui''' aerJnB iil*:,truirfi:udos drnu r iurrn r rru arufiofiearinaao r ?o.lifi r n r a fr aun c a on n : r or fi or fi a r d ai:r :J: s vr ru'tfi fi ufi r d ai a r n r r, fi uuiu o R..r ? s:"fi:rfirnra"[u r fiaosirfioilnfi "r flufiu

T - fioslrilaanr:q::atnuradr.:ddr r alo fi:lasl:n r rrr:rudfio"trifi.riudfiunn:rerna:'tfii:jn''r:n:?a,irsnrsuo":"6:rfirnra"[u r daq, fiur"u" sl er.lrldn r:sz or I:n fir ufi:rr r:r a arn"t:ifiornr:udn$ a..rnR..r:"2 ar T:nn ioor nre3rn:n?aua arJ:n t ^ufi"'',u fio i , da:J:"Jflrr1"lunr:fla.: fiunr arun:nfiaun 6ar iof,qn "ra''rna''r n1 :fi q:Jnfifi a ro r fi afru

8- rl:s tiunr:"zasf:rrfraanur as fi:l:sI:n rrrn:rrdiqllfi..riuoiuar a:J:s r iunr :" a a.: I:nar n fi rnfi nH: r"6u#,.rr.a'luilddr :r r"6rfi ,.,",.,^{,u

lfiao arnr:udo{a"rfln''r:caa{T:nuosa..rn,.r:un:nfial nr:fiavfra,.r?ru1drfi:J:sn :r:J:s r irRr acz asT:n6:eid"[o ias r fi er't: fi ar fr ar :nrrorndnr :" z ar T:nttavien{5sosdnr:inur"Ltusroc?''rE ( Daly, clark'e & Field 1988 3

ss) fi:l:sr:nrtr'rr:rtrio"t:ifiriu4fiu n::du"[or]:sriunr:"aosJ:n6:snura{ Josnr:drfirrilnfiauavfi.r,nJu,rn.rfiorjnfi ldu arnr:udoia,.rfln,.r?s:"filfirErrn"[urfiaoo{rtasir rfiufiu nta'[u:rr.::rsararirfl.r:eri?e:"fi:rfirera"[uilddr :sr ia'[u r daofi :enu r a{ d :rfi ::i fi fi ar r r:nfi rn r :n: :o:n fi :rfi rEr r a"[uilddr:s, nia:"Hlfirnra"[u r daofiaafi., ul"fifi,.,ulfi oyrir"lfidril1?nn?.]rr:c6r3--- -'t, dr, o 6r{rnra'161n r :arfiFa.: nr:uocfir"Lfidrrr:n r frr"[a r de:fi!lJaa a{s-r rlt,rrua.rr'ri,]."uun'i.drnrsntafrrfion::,sirs I dfi;;;;;;i.r.^"["rfiaouacd:t|"[unr:nr:oda::n '', rrfi",".^"[u r fiaosirfifio "trifiu-.,n,.r?

r dal't6 t'[ud*n{tud:nfirg z5z,g : 59 60 ) ornnr:finu1?E{ ,rdr'n uasnus (}tal ik,


1B

et al - 1989 3 960 - 961) rrdrnr:dau1fifirl:arJiu:Jirrrua,.rr.r?nrn-l{dc_^t,ry 6!i1 n 1 afr n: ?an'l fl r dao n 6 a:s 6:rfr -r n -r a"[ufl ddr :sdn: rofi :eeru r ar "[udrs

riauf aarrr: rirllfifirJ:sf:n r urr:ruriqUfrsiu4iua..rilr?nn:rRr:s6rfi..,",.,^q<gz-.-[nrdao o."*ri.o'finfi:1fid n-,"d6,tru;;r;;;;;;,.';u;;;il;;"rasr:n\1 be166:eflur a{ acd:EJn:cfiu1fiinr:o'.uoru,.,o,.,ru^"fi-,oilnfia"tfiojr

r araf,'r u : "r c r fi a i i r r v 6ufi r or r a1u, 6 u, oo f,u." ri,.rU 0,rr,.,, o a" fi aun 6 u1fi fi *fi fi s

quqfln7?iln 1?OUAnU I a{ n1?R ?!nila,lr 1:3 a\r nu I a{ uas?irnr:ufi12 rjil r :J681uq6n::r , fiun'rro:lnrf :ofi.uru r a.,r "[6 uEinr:dfia.: inr:n::a:"fi!firflr aI .d dr .g-._.{ , r,t,€___9.r e e,d}lo?€rour a\:nr"ru lunud:rfrinr:ro.rdrriadranr'lridaraililpr fir tilrard?El

<fdro-e,LTnalil'rlr (Snith 19Bg z 4ZSl filfiunr::J:c riunr:"aasJ:n6eaqur arfi ar in r: rJil r rjdstEr'riln ? "r n r n r r s atilz ar afn r:c ? a{ I: n u au ds u:ofi arr a..:tt0.rlJ?gu9lov t ''tE

nr:iilial::nuvta{nil t aJ fi-lrcur ^erir

r ",-t' o-iloX--t-- - - - dr

---

-- - --'-- !a{Rrla{ n1tguanuua.ruagilniqfrugrufifia.rnrifrnrr

nr:ir!or?:nrvu a{flu r a.r r fiufl aisn r o iqff .! o udi;nf;roEian r :nrufr ruqfi n: :iln r rornflil r al a r nn r :fi nur r ds :fi ililaieh r.,: ifl fi r o u*tian;r^nauqgin::lnl:ouogtrr r a{z a.:un:lni ( crabtree 1gg7 z 32 A. ) fi:sidnr:d.,rur::darnrrnrslil:rddfisfi:l:aT:n rr..rr?,.pr firriorfitiud6uuor"l:jfirs.qotlaunra'ru2u L4g nu ars:cndrr 18-6s f Tosda:rnrlrfs:fr 1) n?..*f.i'.1 .' tr darr-ludr?:nuc? a{nu r at"[unr:n:vriruqfifl::rrn1:ottanu r a$ z, nr:i,i"Luu:r dfi lduurr r s fi.: n1fi1fi iu g ) n : rrfi z a{ fl 'lrfl rsrir n r :cruan', r a{ a.lfl ara

nr:i tnzryitarnnfilarnfll?n?rnilrJaaa.r a1q rurr dnruRrudl:d dioaa.rJ:n r !1n?ru ?vBc [ ?a"rn'l?, fiuT:n n?lr?uu:suavdruru;1-r?cn1:n?auluirnr:iuidl::nuc a a{ nu r a{ drlr:naBu..ruu aruuil::J::ua aruqfifl?:lJfl,l:

.couanu I a{ t 5at arnr: nr:aantirfi.,rnre udsfl''r?Fruosm r aofr. 1 "trtldfi.riasa" zs-g5 drtu:s oilildurtil.r.r fio nr1:jorrr:nfr rur euqfin::ln r?oraflu r a..r "lfi uaol"[fi r fiudrnr:iuidr::nrrs ? a{ nu r a{ r {uilo6ttndofiu.rri.ru,.rfirr:ur '[unr:do r ailrqfin"rJn..,rroonu r a.r


fiuraaiuasnordJnr (Kingery & Glasgow 1989 : t4 _

fi nrr n r :5:: i dr : : nuv ? a{ qil L a{ u a s n ?,.r u d uiu"[r, oa fi uf, s a { n.l r fl i s r{ r lun r :firure:yfil,n1:ouanil r a{ g r *ooda a.1T..r? nr:aanrirfisnrs uosn,.r?er??e- z ' : - -^'-:vdrilrnrn"[urfiaofi:flsrura{ua{fi:J:aI:n r::rn:rudio"lil*siudiu a1s 40

88 fl drr:u Lzr:,.r'r :o,A:il:dfinpr z r8. ;;-il ;";;;. -;r.;

finrrur:r 1 ) nr:i:ridl:rnilsz a{ nu r ar "[u, -tuo n,.,r"r:a:"6rfir nra"[u<l e i- d { ditaaofl?Elelula{ilncttuutadgdtdo:a{a{lrda ria.,:orn''t?uasfl,.ttaanrirfionraErrlair6l uEin:rl r dafiu"[uaradtd, *uo n'''"uondr6..: nrailnruuu r adsdr do

<t4ieerqf a{ a{ il1n a r f a.r a'lr ''rruasfl'r:n::a:c6rrirsrro"[u r dao6:aql r arnrrdrfir

udorr ir fi:J:silid r nrrfl::o:"6:rirflro"[u r fiaofi:sErr r o.J r fil r iarfidrrr:n6ornr:"[fii re usi"[fiaro:J:sTarrlfiasnirnr:6onr: r duo r..,"..r?uasn,.r?aanrirfi{nre"[uliruao rderfiufi:J:e5rridrnr:oonririsnrsdrrr:nionr:"tfisrnfiaouei'[fiara:JrvTerdrrnfi4o z') r fiai r n:r of n e rrfirfiu#:sn dr.,: nr:i:ridll"ounu uoLsnur a{ o?1rrr flailu"Luanfiud firnr:ouanu r ar"[unr:ion*tu:n ion*rfiaa.rttoso:rrfiIfiud:r'n drs nr:ir*arrr:nrsfl a{ nr I a{ uasa ?]il r datu"[larofiudfi's ionSsu:nfirnrrouoeru r arfiiqo*odaro aranr:finpruu z. L, nr:inidr::nusa a{ nu r a{ uasff 2 .m

r flafiu"[urlafiud in:rrfirfiufrrr r:nfiun.., rroiflTf a{firunr:aanrirfi.:nralnnnd?{ r?ar z.z, nr:irtdr?Tnrs?a{nilra{ierarlff:1fi:rfrlr.:l:nfilnrern^"u r a.:firuarr.'r: rarrr"hnr:ionSrfiaar rrirfiu2. g, nr:iil3dl::nucu ro iu, a{ uosa :1il r daiu"luarafiuf in ar'firfi'drr.ru:nfirnr:fluanu r asfirunr?e:?e:vfiufirprro"[u r fiao6:seril r ai, ,*".", dulqn8s ornn^"u *rfida.r B ) r fiai r n: r,fdrfllrnonasilTauurx r ?s fiu(Hierarchical nurtiple regression) rfirri..,u,.,ui..,rrn^rura.rfir1u^- -y. -U o S d sfl1T?oni.:u?fl ioni..rfrda{ uasrsndrsnr:il!al??nucaa{flu,u.ru*ournn?1r, d'afru"[uanfiudn*.,: u:nfi rnr:ouaeu, uodtru*rfi dar ]ou"tdfi .u:J:nril

turf rrl:r*Xruvnrsfisn:l nrri:.rfol?inils?a\:flura{ n?1ilr daiu"[uaafiu# uav:lfrniard:il:sn jrr nr:iriourrou" u a{ nu r a$uacn ?..rilr duiu"luoa6ud u::dr nr:ilidlr?nils? a{ nu r a{ uos n ?ril r dafiu"luaafiu#drilr:nfru'rrlfl1?ouaerras"[uriuon.rruanrirfi.rnre'tfi:JrrflCI,rir uEifirurs

Jn ''r?ouaflr r a.: r tar o'rr'r:uau n''r5q: ?a?r6lfirsrr a"[rr r fiaofi:flail r ar 16riaa

19

18)

oo{lo'tnun a ala

rl


20

^?--l^^-rr- d d {ir u o r oid?ilr'l a r fl fl r :fr r n d a s il a drn i r.r io n r : T :r i oil? ? ouc ? a{erur a{ uasn?.llr daiu.luaofiud"tui *uo n'',, uunfirfis nrein..',uuoi ( stabi t iry l rr nn dr

?uuuocflmv (Rubin, peyrot & Soudek 1989 z 674 _ 6TT,'tfi6ol:J:un:rnr:dauurifi:l:alin

r rln rrltunfiinl:n r :r,.rr ?,ru r fiu, r". s iu$euasifnuraarar}J:un:rnr:dausianr:ouaeur a{ fl1:nernrT:n ua"arrrnl

ardnnrsr61 6 rdauornfi't65rnr:oau los"lfinr:iriorr:nucaa{flrra{9-',4 o v ! r-e 4 sv r ?-r. d I <, &r :Juel ??fl4''t?rilc.tl dnel?Tu.l aanr: iiriulir 1 ) fr:l:sil or:ldatr dndlr na-u

I| <lv q s s__€ u b. - d 9{ .J | 6ras-l{ rilEl6l'lRQl [o8ilfl 1:-lidl::nuv fl a{ flu r o{ uoviln: r lSdnilnrurir'tunu r as

--g-. q----. ta q e n-----

c d t s I

d.3au luzruuililn?'lrannfr{ ?ouasar:rd r nrnedran z ) uqfin::rn,.rrnuanu r a.]t -

.r t odrr I t !q^.^S--- o ? o { e[u t ?a{ fl 'l:ct: :o:c olurn r n-[r r dao6:ggru I a{ n r : aanli r 6l nrauacfl -.trn ?rnil

,r {g + dg q

a1T"r??a{Fil?8duu 3) R','r?sfl'1?n:lnrl:ndfru (HbA1. aoa{l fiErrfiaioduasn$c ,rrarlefield, et al. tggz: 9o-9zl ilnnrn:rlfiliuf:sr drs R:rrdalfia'[un r::Jfrfifrfl'r nuBun,'r:inrr ( Ad,herence ) z a.r fi:J rsS-. .s <i q .- v i u v, I[:n r urnarudiloils duddluoyfiau:J: a fi: 1fiuri nr:irrj:crr-.rua-.rr,r?ilrn

d,tiuzlal''t (Bingeing) narlifiniqrudr"[unur arnr:iridr::nu"za{nut air9r9sdq.Jss6euncar:rdifurdir. losdnurluil:J:adru:u 193 nr a-r? ls 18 il urdr

e t s ,.i-r--.1-q-.. ri3rr o 3 d sDl|lJ ? 8 !7 n t lJ'l x ? ruri : all a

-[un r : :l{ i dn r lu arun r : S nur n r rJ uu ? lur a o { n,.t ?

iurjr"n.ua'rrl:il'lnrf,ud:..r,r rias iuurJrirza.rnl:finarlifininuir.heura.l$93 - ,' , . _ _,9, a_ ^__.-(9- Le &- | v v9l''l ?1l?dlJT:nuc3a{nltasEtruasIar:ilildlrri5rriag uani'ln,ug{1.Ju?,'tfl1T?l:t

, Fsvt-

a

dr::nuvz a{ flu r a.r l fiufi: af;r r ser:r ru:J::J: ?ila a.J n r r l,j alfia"[un r:rJfrfifior rruanrnr:5nur166doofisiasa" zot

a''rnflon'r?i6sfin6ir:r.ros r fiu1fidr nr:iridrrrnusa a\: elu r ar fin:r rfirfirdfilnr.rsruanr r a{ uas | fiuflo6edr arydiavrir.rasianr:n:s?iruqfi n::lnr?qr[anu r o{ a a{ fi :J:al:n r !,rr ?,m aeir s't:fi q rro r nn,.r :niln ?un 1r'ils

i6s"[[,iuoo.'',ufflfiudaasnr:5u!dl::nus"lun1iolrCIerura.rfi:riloisfiu1r1fis.Y-rs- - -e- d ..{r^-.^- -.. -ls::-]:. d-.-o- -- -q ,'4-..._.,- q .r vr,o &!ililfl'l?6nu'l I ? a{u lstgFl:.] ustrtiisfr t dE rfr alu a'|,7 r :hul:n r r'[un r:drwr !qo{u

ntaa[uluuasnus (clrossnan, Brink & Hauser rggT?3?.4-g2g,

s

"lfirirnr:f,nrrnr:Euidr::nu"1uir ju luddrsunu r r.ranQsd r fiuT:n r r1x?1u


2t

.q.gs-qdilailrduddu a1El tz - 16 fl 6ru:u ea eu tnfi.: 84 au, dre 94 nil)uuir rrdidin?'',uautudnln,r:ilidr;r;;";uorui.o uac:sfi:rncruun,.r:g

5::idr::nusa a{ qu r ar 1u r udnQs fin: rrfilfiudfirnr:q:rrrrr:n adrs fifisdr firu

upi"[lrtuddrEncuuunr:5rf dr::nur? o.reru r ar'triin.-,ufutuffirnr:rr.ouoTiuaanr:finurd:urdrzarn-ul"uio^"nardTn: (Kingery & crlasgo- ;;

";

LT, d..:inr:irn:r"dnarrfilfiud:cndr{fl,'rsouaflura.r"Lrriuon,.,ruanrir6s-n1B? or ilrlaeT:a r r''rr:rurio't:idsiu4fiufi:rnr:il!dil??nilsa ai,nu r ar"[u rrrtdr-oro,o"sfruqnsi rs fir ur ir nr:5:r!dr::nuv? a{ flu r a{ "[u r uarQ..: in:rlfflfiudfi:rnr:

.---q d - ot- o o d | ,qluafln t as -tu

t iat nr: aanrir6t nr e-[u:v 61fr dr n dr r urtdr a fi sfruara r fiu't:tlfit, ll

: r r u dfi si r { fi ua c i: s 6 :r n r : 5:r! dl :r nus a a { nr r as u sr nsi r s fi u

nr:lin r:6 rudrnru r fiuilaisdr firy:J:v nr:nd.: fifiei:udfi:rduu"[fifir]asdr il 1 :nqunnu t a..:'lfi '.,'r

no,', rd..r r..n,., riuiA rdo ; ; ;;i;;;;; ;; ; ;;nud:r iTar:nuasundlu (Jirovec u ras'no 1990 : 306) urdrnud:rd- at -(-l_.o o --.C_o-v_ , {^J-._s 4 gd 1yr?x??1do.tild{ r n:rcTsnga aIsHlfrdrfio r 6ls:oniao{ ! driln,.r:u{l,J1aJau r rT,ri",o'o.n oc:Jesriun?.'rild..rx,.r5n"[unr:ouanilruoui-, in:rarq,;;;;;;1991 : 888 840) "tfifinurn?'rila'',"rioaasfi:J:eT?flr:r,.rr?.ruriofrsiu4fit

Eianr::rinr:z ot n 6in fi:Jaauan JnEJrir nr:finrr"[ufi:l:sfi r {uI:e, , r.,r.]uadr.:fiae s fl lfiiui*aiuadrriae zo eierlu r;;;r;;;; ;; - 4r fldrrr:u 55 nu nr:iiuu*tfi r fiunr:i6e r ?r gun'ru rfiacralrirnrrnr:iieeialil-{ er ..1 ,----- J s I u

", ,"d.,u 1) 0r!:a:iil:vdrnr:finr:dosrafrr r 6rnfirfrfrildznrilaEJrr't: z) fi:Jasfit-ra

n?'lilnronire,iarinr:dunruadrrl: 3) n:rlirtar"lofifir]:sfia{n..,rrdudr rr :ndr1:J6on rt fi ui'rr"u^ru u a.s "[udirrrr" t -, :u r fi :rfi aralosn r :firn rurf

{rJlu aranr:iiraq:llfidsfi 1) il:sdrnr:oin..,"arJu;;;i#.,diu4uo..,,-&-t-.qrnd'ufrrarn?a{n'r?naunrr:nTsrs 1. 1 ) fi:l:adfinr:narnrT:rrdi:J:sarnr:ninr:fl aunfi ra1n, f, ',"tr;itufi rrr:n u*n,,idua..,"i-rJir ;;;;f;; fi uu.do'lfia'rnn'r5n1r'trorrr:nrlrrr"[fl:J:sfsrdludiEr:J:cdrlu :]frfirfiud:sndrr. f ^^--q-S rr t Z . 6r, arirnflrfruau{:l:arr.rnisnr'lfi rfrsrnarriiln't:ili:rs"[o fiunfu 6rarsnn:fl:-ru n^r"firJ.uiln'tilriaulfiilnarr! L.z, f,rl:afiaronr:n:::nrfrn"[u-;dn'uoer'-t{e

:s 6ufr u aa ail i:r'[fi as"tfi i:rfr alnuas a e r rtusifi n r fi u r fi sr, * ro, nnin idnrrer r r l

--


I

2Z

tu, i s !,t, 4^.C-r^_-_q_?s { t1. 3 ) aril?Ein'l:n ?rail t:n ln r ilufrurua-[oidnirn,l?dad1:adruilulrua as.g:.-.-^-..4r=-.-,] - ., -

; -n-"'; s

n ?rr t ne r ilr''ts loiurj:s diln "t rrfli'r:J 1{ ni.] n ?1 il?ae?s f r"lfilfi ilarafi rualfi:lea'[rirn:rinr:duyril''r1{onsfitadrsoi.rirfirrirnirfi druu"r[rd"t6i::,rr^t-,.-^ q ! y rrr rvr. I

t a ,-a:irs r iluodolil-lt10 rl:c t 6tdrfiqz a{nr:fiosiafin r fiur, iuo:,rEos r dno r fis:

firter arofl'rrerr?onrrfiasrJ4'ilfinr: uasrnninidnr:sir{ 1 firjaein:uifinj rnunnn :rnrfi .r fi r "[65:rnr :aila{ CIa!?.1{ aruas a ronr:afilar]u r. 4, fi

j.u:!9 .,r^'.-y^r.-(-S e e ,,t _4_-__, : . d

t dTilcran'l?n ?rRlJ tnei lil r:Jurraari:J il!irnla ronr:dadr:fi1 r 6rnf,rnuas ! ila

4N { : g doc , d ^r J s'

ilnrcdadr: r iofrufiifindr, fiudofiqnnrluas"lri'tfiiln?.m r dlanrn fia1a r a{a.r

rnniasir{ 1 dUnri6rr.E "[iin'',rairrefirrrr"iur,,iu as ryrninfi. "-t"il;;finifinirnarliufioda:r r de:fi:rnr:inpr, fiuor:" uavnr:finsiafi:rurrn j r fiud<dvr?r}|8{n''t:n1Tuo:''t80c r iiso I nE:iusr r{rit 2) n?,.trnronSseia:.r?nr: firJ:a

l- u 6r d , .r ,& ' ennrrlnronis-[utiaraia'lilil 2.L) ntrlsiarfiarza.Jfl''r?fluainurfoeuundracl.|Erl1|''tanaillfil 2.2) n:rildceanaa{fl.ltrfrrnrr{rnflrfi 2.g, n:rliuasfi nrvlilnr:quatnrrfidr ar r irrird:"fi rirrdu z. 4) fi arnuasn..rriln*-,'{{toElfr rilssua 2.8) n:rldu"[afi:l:a1l1ruc!flffn z.e, nr:dilld4u"lfiin:rrarr{n6r <tq

t ..: -rt

j-tudifl 2. 7, o : r l"[i rrs "[o"[ufi afi rJ :erfi os irfi odaunu r a.: "[unr:inuruovouaErurarlfi 3) nrrrififirl:Bfiasnr:lfiuri s. 1) o..rlifiu1-,-r;r.oriaul".z as'i rs nrEsianr:u '',rauuau g .2, n er li r fis:firT:n r u,.rr:ruludnurucfiq l, r{ a - D.-[nd

r d s.] fiudar 2sz a{ [:J:a r as 3. B ) n:rr!finrlr:nrirft11fi'tu?is,il:edr iuaa..rfi:l:sl?n rrl.rr:ru'lfi 3.4) nr:fionrr"lfinr:fine.,fiur"u" dr

eroadzarnarrri

9l9- ? .t v € dl $d1T:xtaafluu51u I f alnr:ilnur ravrsgs r ?a1n1? r {uT:nfis ufi

dr ac 1iliaan r :i6arJ:,r n0,e

' & Z d, I

usiiltieiluXrufi s dal :J:g nrriai:u r fi s:fr at fi l:J:sdln r:rf nr: r isuiuao nr:ilanr a"tfiilffarazir:dr: ir rira" in errff,fi*#fi lnr :5uidr:rnus"hnlrouoelr r ar

.al

t ltafl1?

e 1 fl n 1 5T rln ?uar on''r r fi nur 6r n ai r : r fi uuu :n r.: 1un r : f, nur r ir r fi l1oElrirnr:finrrn:rrrffrfiuf,:"nir.,: rurl nr:finurfio nrun run r rlin r:drnElfirl:a r r 1r ?..ru

?css r ?o-rn'r: r fiuT:n nr:ilifi un r :f ::idil: :nus "[un..r rrui


23

nu t a{ i fia r fiurl:slarf"lunr:ds r dirn arldrl r:n"[un'r:orLanu r a{ fl a{ fi:JrEl

r l rn : rrEi a"[:J

I!a{4teoft-an$$s r nT a{ ra :ofl 'lI"lt? 61r|1:nilc aa{ nu L ait

--vtn1:5lJ:dil5:nilc z a{ nll t ait!U

a r <5 . €r v?a Axqnfl::ra8'1{Tllit aslit !o !qd1 r ?a

4ueqr ljiln1 t:lJ: llrn ?''txdrlr:afi asnSsril

a6fvvlu.9-[unr: 5on''t:5:Jidil:?nucz a{ flu I a{f,u

IU

ulluer:''rullcf r1fi io r fiu z fru, uu fi ufru"auu:n:J:v r iln :rr r da:rava..ril..r:n__ -9__ _3-_ ,C vtDq I <r v, S d. 6n:vnlxqdnr:1fiil 1 -[6drrionda tl u unauildar tfinalfi:adrs:J:sriu:sfiu

'-t-rq

a?.m r flalun?'lild'1il''t:nfiocn:sfi1xqAn?iil tau,lsur,iasaEi,.t{ ( strecher,et al. 1986 : 881 rn*atfialonr:5:ridr::nucaa{eilra{irars:ilunndrrt:rnr:ioifisir.,t1 aa.rn?.nJlflafiu"[uari"oura'u n2"nJrflafiu"[urjrJalnr:nl

qd{n ?1ild''r r Safrdrlr:nrfirltJ"[?'[uEirr dn rtn r:n1 ( General ity ) n r:5:rioian 2"trs 1fli'18 ( Magn itude ) a a{rqfinr:il uas n ?r il r dafiu"turir 6..: n arrrdilr :n

o<|gv<t,(strength) fiu lisiofrnshru (Bandura & Ad,ans Lgrr .: z9L) uavicr:ar z nta B firu "[uul:riorairrde:fiu (cirossnan, Brink & HauserL987 : 325 i Hurley, .in Strickland & Waltz, €d. 1990 : 38)

"[lnrriia r fis:firidfl'rrin]rxnnofiiilnn..,, *uonda.,: adrs , *ai.r(chronic snake phobiasl Toaaraunq"fin.:5uidl::orl"ua{nuruo rfiu

$

ltu?1l"r\t uljllo?']uoya,l'llrld (Bandura & Adans Lg77 = 2gO 2g3)usnil:srirn?"uJ!dafiuluAt?:nily (Efficacy expectationsI fis g fifiJos rdua:rgnr:nr:n:sri1ritl,r-rs (List of perf ornance tasks) duaae o 4l r r Y ttona{n?cyt'ln1|!LT6iailT'liiltoit (Red - tailed boa contrictorl fiuu:nln^-l-.!.^^-1^ -neirfi aadr{ ?v rl5 1st afr n roirac n:syrr -[d

ilufr das-lfi :J:c r iu:sfi :Jn ? 1 il r dulu'[udr::nus u a{ nu r a{ lun r tn:sri ruqfi n::ln r r,: ", afr afiu1 n r :'[fi n c urxrcdxn?"mrda*u"[urirfirn?''rxdril1rn (strength) ,61 1oo nsuilu uris rfiu 1;_l_ gat \4 | rq 6 tai rq 4 4 ed:s arn!dnhiu{-[ooudridnuri-lirremyl :soxr'r''r:;r{dr::nusaa{nurairrirr:ruloei."r.ro"nuun'rlSoisian ?.'r r.rEr.'rfl.d,rs ,

""rr ti";", ;r;"qfin::r


24

) a o e p- .! u, sl e d ",9r1{ .'t T',I?fl ?EA',lU?U? a{1|q0n:TililitTlt9| n'l:ill:6[!??nus Luorun ?1il t daluor.lqddr-[t:J:cdilnT:dn?'lxd'lriafrdrlr:nrlr"[:J"[?"[usrrrdnrunr:nl (Generality)-r- -3-.---- ra 4 .) q d o s ^r ollTs t l|uQ'l n: c attn ?'ll[ gailu llrdn? ?nuc ? a{ flu t a{TtQs ntsT.lnani: il t aig ent"[urfiLifiu r nsuos{dnfi rss r nfi algta$

_1oat:ild (Lawrance & l{cleroy 1986 : 818) rdua6:aeir.l.^{--9^r:-^--a-, q d e . ,r ni as ia ion'lr5lidil:?nuc ? a{ nu r a{'Lun r ? afl xr ;a a.r ie,iu : r erf audarr fi ..r

?a--. q q e I e { Jdo . IYf flr}s lail'lc Lllfl'l? r Bf trBr]llf,n1ufl'l:rI?t1itd{Rr| T:4il1{ta'l?x3[lia8tilrritas? , { qe t d t "6a.:nr:du:rli fl'l? lrnsuuuul{ r:Ju G :sfixa'tn r fil 6 rflatornfia{fl.1:!uqc 6llr. q o | & rA r tnr-[ii'lso{trills8lrtriedu ffsullu 1 ril1sfi{uri"[olrnd''tosfia{dllni ettrq

5 rl5ns uiluff r'r sn{ uu lar rndr a"liallr C fi : ad r.r r n * as fi ai6nr*ru" fi rfigq

54

vrOlautil tail1f1?,lt-d

Qcata{d:JltTt1l! I

v{lauoLTIau?'l

tll-{a

acata{diln?,u .l

aua'tQas

arnmi||t

alla'lnasq,. dtllAilU??

$.i

e€re16l4110 r Tilau?'l 6rutu tal|']n?']g

Yr, .a \l1. ..as lridulfi? is uu5lljilT:

$9

!q d V ,{ d"roffmuu lal|'ln ! uEt.t l:flasd"tr,1:naoxTs 1,099

{_ 4 o s dI ilA l1|aU 1 fl1n{dillJTTaE

I.{ft.t il an$fl a{ n'l T Haun o''t Et------

9

a1n s Lawrance L : self efficacy as a predictor of snokingbehavior in young adolescentsrThesis, university of rllinios,Chanpaign, III, 1985. tirs'lu Lawrance & Hcleroy 19g6 : g1g)

rrq


\

25

ss sso [o? Lauayails (Dilorio , Faherty & Manteuffel tgg? : g

1g) d{r.r rniarfiaionr:iliail:rntrsao{euras"lufirleerTrnarffn uasin r :nodala 2'l l grl r6c n ?''r rr r du. u ar r n *ar ilausiar n 8s ir"iA"f

"a.ug. o a. o

nairfiu rrfuofiafiair,r"lufrufiufi:refio e+ ila udorsfion.rn""riruqfin::l1

rfie:firnr:6onr:nurar g,iuo a'a 1) nr:fionr:rfier:fi:Jar D n1rv<lviornr: r dsafi!ornr:7n B) nr:ionr:"[un:fifi: "r 't:J dr 16a rnn r?yrryr?u?r?frfl::il"lu r *arnrrilidr?:nucu a{nr r a{uasfl,r:6onr: r fie:fi:JT:narfinuovfl'rflionaTfiearrfiooui'rnrfirdzRrurvfilirrdu u^"uou^d r fiuJ:nar7nnr :6o r is{ airfi !: rsfi a, f,un'',riraerr "[:ias"[a n6r or nfiu1fi

"r.an :rrffq r ou

narldrdril n?''tltrn'tttuosn'l:dn:rl"lfifiaa'lnryrErde:Toenairuund us..*J..rae t d .g eea

9

uayqrd:a r nia.sfia'lfi5:rnr:q::ada:Juav:Jiu:J1sufi1zfissia"t:Jfi 1) n?,prer?{to cl

erur r flanrlosfi r da:rrg a riru e.'rnn,.r:er?:ada:junc r duauuyr as fi r daerrno qD .d | 6 * 2

s e

uuyrir-lfrl:Jderuuilornr:"[fin"uulre"rfl s 3rrfiu 11 aoCI11uu1r?a{u:Juo?1

un"nnfi ain ?'rrrrr'1Bfi rrr:n uun.,.,n{"[uaudtl, fluur].fi"n,rr;uiau;;;;"d c qed ,d d?o.3elllt asfr tile.31.|a-lfrilnr: t:JdauurJarrirlontafiooan nitnr:r1il:J:.,rufi"lz

<l ,,'o tu - 9

ers rndaf adrn'rr zB ta z, finr*rucnr:"[finuuuu (scoring) urir rfiu11 ao alflncuuil o fit 1o0 nvuilll o nlrafis'tridrrr:nfr1fifirnro'nsuull so nlrsfiluri"la:Jrunat{drfrrlfi nculrtl 1oo ril1sfisuri"[or6rrfiirfrr16 nsullu:?ru o fi.: zg0o rirncuuu:erfiar:rrf,ari:"6lnr:iliatil::nucra{nilrards 3) a?''rrrduouuo,uatuofiufinllnrdorTos B. 1) u.luuofiuuo,{rodasilofiaeidroraa:rfir (Test retest reliability) arnnei:rfi:J:Elnoru:ndruau Lz ?''rE rirsfiu 4 ffrlord "lfirirfirrJ:"iofaofirfiui o.r,$-..----'3 { 4i. dt.rudq{eriln:rrnrfraas tniasila:cfiildrtno1.J g.z, n?1ilrfies"[u6npilsnarldoonfiasnre"lu (Internal consistency reliabilityl arnnailv . | | d - o .,... 4 t6 :aErrs n{rfr das drr:u zB :'rs'tfi ri rfir:J:"izrfanfi rfilfuaarJr? a.r n: ar!..r dtcronbalh's alpha correlation coefficient) o.9r drudosjrieir

d 6 q v . !^ __- 4 e. v ( t un?lilryrEJ.Jn'lE tU [U:cO:Jdr 3. 3) irn:rsner:rrfilfruri:sndrs:rs6a ( rnter-iten correlations) uasn:rlfflfiud:yn:r.::refrafiilnouuu".ufi{Tlro( f ten-to-total corre lat ions ) uase ?1il91?it nrlTn:l dir.r arnnailfiraar.li, c 4 .lg-frdrraru:u 906 :rs d.:165:rnr::J:s riunr:ionr:fiilqur aslunr:rfirJesrflu


1

26

f :n arffn nr:iriar:r nuu ? a.r eru r as "lunrrion r:fi:rJ:n arfinuas nr:i,isiou:I dilduurr I fi t nI aan r:i t n tr

"#n : rlfirfiuf :cn irs : rsfr aua" n :rlfilfi uf

:sniro:rsfrafirnuuuurrufi{Tilo rarurrSonr:irfal:?nusu a{flr r orurir41 9 o d ^ tIaadrnrlfrn::fioaan g ila rfiairn:r"dn?1ilrfies"ludnurusn:r:Jdaornfia.:n r s"[u"[n:ia r n: r si afi r n fi a 25 fr a'tdri r ff l:l:

" in $an fi rfi uf u aail r a a.rn:aurrd

o . 9 B Ios3''r fl n r :fi o r :ru''rn ?''ruel?{ nrrln f r dirsulir iln :r rn:s Fniluu?n-ovrrrnqnfi Ioanr:irf;dr::nu"a o{errl r asin:rlfirfiudrro:.ranfirnr:ionr:frlnl r as uacnrrSiligiau:t dfi:rduun r.l ff.1n nilt

veroe-&Afllllc9l?a8'].: 3 0{ n'ln']ul|tlnll

'[ridrlr:o

rir"[6raa

uillo:Jrunar.rI o V9

?']Yrl LO

,q I "i'uu !arolm?l

arrr:nrir't6

t. iudr:lr:n?t{trofirI e d , ,o",

O2\tTUl t1dA [X [T?''l9lEl''l

ufiarnr:alfrn"lfi

z. fiudrlr:mirsrufiornr:alffn"t:J"lriu. a.r t u s

CIo61jo',]n, {']u?11 ! fl o,r.vb+

tr?{unroil,uac lanrds - di ie14ltfll$Oll ct [O

10 zo 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

10 20 30 40 .50 60 70 B0 90 100


27

ua?xyt; (Crabtree 1986, Cited in Hurley 1990 3 Bg) 'tfi.bddrvdi rt t n - a.r il a iotnr:5ridl::nusa a{ qr r a{ drnirfi rJ :s r u1r :ruiefilnrinn

rl:crRyr Jqalon.lu,Juilu"ludr:rnuvfir 3 i6rrrluro*uoluotrr,ar.n.il:snarfiasfrairnrl gz ta d'rnr:atrrfradrnrr"lfifiarduauuco..rfl er:.u!uo:''r arnnr:finpr"lunrilfieodrs 48 i1a rrdrrn*asfiafin?1ilrfie..r"[unr:1o t fis.lualoeri6nuru"narldaonfi arnrstu t ff1il:gSilfaoXotufuaailro -Tgt uauin:",rood.",nnr:nodorfir"[udarrirsfir 1o Tu "[u:s6:.rds

1.-st filrjtci?iarArfiuf o . BZ ) uane'rnfirld rin ?'rreriir nrrTn:r dir s Jesn r:v9-sl?il?dil::ousu a{fllr t as rin :rrdruurinrI I:nfr ln :rlidnilnrurir"Luflu r ar r xat,s9-9- dl € Y r5l 9Q- er o urr r n i a.r ila'l,rl-[ill,unr:ilnpr nr :fr rursn ren6s nr ::Jir: rsfr a r nfi a zs iaa r n---3 f .d o g D 6 In r : i t n : r sr n ? 1 u t fr es

-[udnuilc R a r ildaorn fi ar n r a"[t "tfi ri r firrJ:c Entson fi lfi ud

uoodr o.TL siailrrga{rad (Hurrey, in strickland & Ifaltz, ed.19e0 : BB-40 l "lfifiau'',,, u*uo iaSonrrir!dr::aus drniufi il?B r rlln ?.rrtr a.l

cf d oo-- 6 | b I a tlun:rni rila"[fifinur1unqrfirl?s r 1r'rr:ruiufi"ln{fi'tfiirnr:inurd:siuoiu

,9' Tos r au r " in r :fionrr : r era u'i; lor ", r r a r s as fi ilia is,: ilrr dr luz ao fi :l :sfi Tnur

fi ta iu4iud{ : r s fi ari r n r lfi u oo s fi t uu :fi on qr*fi n r : 5ri dr : r nu" u ui*, ^

rrirfiur-" d u &uavidnrilcdu 1 6ril 1) udo.rnr:n:c?ir"ld"[zfarafiud zr ugiasfrarssdslosnair:dsuqdn:trrdaordsr 3)'[7rirdr "d'lr.'r:n' nia,'"[:jdrrr:n"

("vvuilueirnrrn6naarnniarirnrl 4, drdr',r:t1r:,1r" lfirfiuriras-.rEn?,lrlV '6t '.o 6D e -n-[r-tddrurr 5) "[3:r:slan'ldrdaacfiailonrunr:nieirs '' rziu rfiorda

d e.r 4 \ 4 e, 6rDoriaidnra:r:J:eriludu 6) "lffrirdr iu4iuunudrdrsr fi:adrofradrnrrtud' .c & -. "

l n cas il a{oil r du "indrr r:niurl:sn rra,'rr r:drn i:rfirJ:a r rrr eru'lfi r fia;uuun"tr.t;rrlrcnrrarn r:uaniru', ,,fiu'[iuri"["d-r;";;;.]oi^.;;fir

r ia:"6:r?o.tg--edc,-lilrsrra-[ur daorrr" :refrail zg fraudosnr:n:vrirrq6n:rr T r*asda 1).1^ --Y- Y-r o v e sf sOityt?cr [lJ 2, a'lr'1: 3) n1:aannld{nrs 4, nrrouorfir 5) nr:donrlrJ:v riunr:"aarT:n 6) nl?:Jirr:iudiu zl nr:fiunr flasfiuntaufi"tflR.r?v-

g-.-?____q or___l___{ . a r ! _ L

d o u e s ,?catilu']e'la !u I aana 1T? adr aio:JnEr nr:60 r ds.l a r6l: r e6 alfl e 4 i au:nuac-r,v1d.rvrjv,el2 nanreriluriarfrarlilrde:fiunr:6onr:fi:rf:nrurr?,m :rafrafiu "1 nnio1fiaqi1un{rfi r f,u, duo , da:fiu n1? r iesdrfi!:r:,fiaflfiar:rurf oafi, ?iuir.r*n',oiro rr]''".'.,u finp$cnr:"[finyuuui r fi..r ;--;;.;" ;ffi;;;;;;;


28

nuuilu 1 ril''rBfi{ rfiufi::rad'',odo ffsuuu e urrsfi.rhirfiu6esadr.:dsua"fifrarfian NA (Not application) nrrsfi..:frarirnrrfiu1fi"tn"l6firfiflaru:rrdornru frorirnrrrflufirl:.ran 18 ila firlar 10 ila nvuurdorrrafirinr:vb-$5r5dl:: nuc u a{ nt r ar dr nr:lodarfl ? -rilsl?{ uasn a..*r ! *.ug u ro ro' *ao fi u

osgdsfl :vfi 1 leE { r ?a :dr guac n6iil fi :J refi ei r.l neilfi t n r :nodaldq:lara'tfi fi s fi1 ) n?'lr riuo"[ufinu$sn:rildaonfiasnra"[u]o:r::, ;;;;;ffi#r*fiuduaad ra a{ al a1r!-l il o - 82 uoc t fi ai r o: r"f"[u: rsnrt aoild r fir:J:s firrdon firfit#:sndrr 0,62 0.?B z, fin:rrn.:fia,lnn1??roaa:rfir"[ud:.r:vscri-,0,*duzz iI rirfirrj:sEnf ,fieifiu " = 0.sB urno..'nfifiou:rdrei.,*d,.uo^"eirn:rru:J::J::ul:iinr: r rjdsuu:Ja{ g ) n ?.lrn?n erriTn:.r airr arnnr:iouuafioToa. -{ .{ . 5t_. _ , o I ctn?a\:lanarsdot lunalfieaer{ tds:fiu (convergent val idityl uu:frneir..trin:rrdaou fiuo ad r s i r rnaran.mn finnqr*fi Truro d,.,n..rrquonr r a{ ? a{ fi:J a:li d-

9 I n, !u -- s[:n t I rn: rufrSnrrfiteiuairin: rrfflfiudn r s r:nfilnr:i:.ridl::nrsu aierur o.J

ua"in: r'firfi,udn",o ^rfirrs

firdTr1naiufiifirsr." , n. " ;;;;;;"", "*"uhenog lobin ) urn.'',nfifisurdrn ?1iln r on i..: r fi e rfi :rn r:n :rnrT:n"haurnsl

(Expectation f or future netabol ic control ) in:rufilfiudyrr.rr:nfirnr:5:.rial::nrs? a{nr r a\t

q-. --. i s 6r <,Luamv7lfl "t ??u?fl an -t ?pt ?rn il 1:n-Luaogrtlq(Perception of previous netabolic control I doncurud.lnlrefi.JS q rdd u s

r'l'lta e:rnlJ:n"lildfin:rlfflfiudnr..: alfiun ''rrouaflr I a{ uo"fin er lfilfiudr,,.,sl :nfi r.r:Jil reudJlTnaiufi ifi r Er r a r n.r s uoos"[fr rfiudr r er{ariaTqnr:iridr::nuyz a{nu r a.sduirfirlaal:nr r u,rr rrugofiin?,.urer?{ Errl]n:r oir.r

"[rrnr:finprnr:ir!dil5:ailsz a.: isdu r urrnQs uasdrs firlru r f,u]:otrrn:rudt'driudfiu nrluoruuasncrs,o""""r"", Brink & Hausertg87 : 325 - '3281 'lfiair..r,u*uofianr:irf dr::nuszo{srilr a..:drnirf,rJaerT:n r rrn : rldiodr i*ai*iadu Tosil:s i iuo.l, r daiu"l'ail?rnusz r;;; ;;;

-

z ia da nr:iltfir:sd:rn:rrsrnjraaa.:r,rqdn??il$ac?vfiun?,.p11d'a*u"[r,tJ:sdunr:nln ar:rdr ,5oda'rr.:nrir'trj"[fi"lugirs dn rrnr:d ros::,:]:" r iufirz ia "luurliqafilrde:fiu fradrnrri sd ta u:rrrfiu g nl:ofia 1) ,iuorfieafilT:n t!1r:ruToerail-ts (Diabetes specif ic) z, r*asdnrlnr:nl


29

7r'r..rn'l?ul{Y|d (Hed,ical situations) 3) dn.lunr:cffi:"t:t (Generals ituat ions I ia'dr nrludol a-r dr fi r fiufi s aan t an :rrfi ar n..r ?a o.r fi rJ:e 1fi rrarnnr:ilinrruurrdfids r n sairj: rsur:fionr:Srioli:nuc z a.J Fru r as "[ufirl:er rllT 21uilrufi: uov airunr:firr:urarnuundfiinprl:n r rrr:ru1u , frnn.,leduiruau s riru nioarnfiu"[fifi:r:edr,;.;rEr1r.rilrruufilafiafiin:r1

4lsrflailrniauacl:lrnilrsurinr:"[3 r6oo,rn'n,.,::Jilrl:..r,u+uolugrtl;ru.,"-,r gsila dnrcucnr:"lfintuuturirriu 6 :cdr a.rn uri"lnrrnir'l,ricrrr:nrir'16filuri"[alrndrr{r1fi uov r iarir r n*arfiall:J"lfifinrrfi:J:e 68 rrs rudr 1).^d^-s-g d { o s ! "'r n:a{ ilarn ?-ril r, ris..: ds dru:euloafil:J:cSTiuaadr a a\: n r oo{irr{arfiu(Kuder - Richardson coeff ieientr "lfiriruaailrauofio ; nreo::rfiuo.90 ?il1orfis:fi:rJ:nrrrr2,ru o.92 nr:odnrunr:niyrrsnr:uund o.zonr:odnrun"'rnliir "1

'lrt 0 . 60 z, , oiuo ilain ?-rrer?{ orrJ r nud rosuuirnr:iuidr:?ousa a{ Rr r a.r ia:rlfilfiudfiunr:n:rnlT:n g ) r, n tdar fiafin 2rilar:r n rrJn:.: airrloeilrl drnr:i:ridr::nusu o.r Ru t, uo io:rrfilfiudfi:rn: rn

{06 I

r daaruro-lunu ttovn arr!fininrueir"hflu r a.r

finunrs fi:o:ir..: frai rnrlf - ilafl r fiaun0rr iu ,, duutr'.,uz ar fiud riu r iuJ:n r r-.rr ?,.r,.

z. ndn r a'srnrridTErud.r

B. uusf rliauri'|,fi r :ldsuzuroa ar a-uoiulfifiu

<i .{tnia',:ialonr:5lidl::nuc?a{aur a{ n'nr:fioruruarrir't:J"lfillrJ:c dr n:n n r snair d:u"h{fi nuilc n r : iaifipi r r "r io: :r"luu:r:rierafi r: r de :fi u---y ( o d:183 a t iluuqrin::1fr I itl.J'1v I e'lsel finurucn r:"lfrn"uuu r fiuul:ri r find r nafifi.r

tduno rrju 11 aq a'lnncuuu o fio 1oo qrr::Ju:Jr?a{uuilo:r uasuio,,f,uG afl o'',noJnuu r fi.r 6 nr:finurfinuilcioiuoiafinair:lr u:.rdrarafl,r?n::ndarr6..r n r:r[rlrj"L?sir.r fiin rrln:{ uay , duo u uo , ,*uo fiu , fiudrirrah


dunn 3

q<f o q so?fi'o'l tuufl1:?as

n r:i6en *r f, r fiunr:iis r ?r r::ers ( Descr ipt ive research )9-- v, v ! | q - & wt, Idnurn:rlfflfiuri:cldr.:ilaiafiu1ru"lfiuri ruc{ nrifinil-r ?sasr?o,.rn..r:

4suirr.hL?n nr:5:r5fisailn''run''rsrinr: firnr:5:ridr::nus'lilfl.'r:ouanilra.3a as firl:sJ:n t urr 2lurioludt ilait

g g

dnrilvil:gdr n:uag nr : r Sanniig6:ad,r.r

"[lnr:i6su8ofi :J:'drn:dfinnr fiafi:JaadrlHi:rnr:iilafis jrr filJ:n r :.r

.rr ? ludfio"trfir iuaiu uas'lfiirn ",i;n*l'[uniinl:n r r..rr ? lil

S_ ,s:t_ ' dt , s dL:ruer:rra:rdid:cnirr rdou r'r5n01nl u,d. zs96 ilo rdau isnrnru.rl. 2536 fit rr,rntrrsuavnQs fiiie rfiann{ufi:aer{rrllrue'rses (purposivera.t

sanpling) dru:u zoo :rs lostirnuonrud:1ilfifi.:f,- 4 ?-r- iyr- v tu " ^o e ,1. rilulrJ?Eyi [qi::nr:Snuroassrdiloiril:snru

g

z. arafirusr 40 60 flq

s. drrr:nn:gvirfian::iln''rseuaqu r uodd'' r fiu r daafirT:n r:r,'rr?,'ru9t

"[6fi:Bqr r as

4. uffrlanrpr"tvrs uasdrlrrn:J:c riuciraa{fi?rnz1fis. fiud'[fr n erl,i alfi a"Lunr:nalu!:Jda:1n1il


31

!a-^.^. --- -9-r d- , e | { } { d.{ u.o fl ]'ilc 3 a { c.t lJ ? g 7t n q a a fl Q 1 n a il fl ? a Et''t n n a fl il ? Etlt ltn 1 ? v ttyl ? fl d aua r nllqs

I:n r rr 1r ?'r'u nialrnrl:vd rfi:d r fudr r nqfir"lfi1:icrrr:nilfrfi6ion::ilfl..rrouoerlr r a{ "ludinrj: s d r 5u n iain r :s"[un r :qruanu r a{ !.'t nasu 1fi uri

f . in:rlfiorjnfiaa{drsqr hiarlr:nra.: rfiuru"tfifforrou rduaailtcdrn"'',l,duo (proliferative d,iabetic retinopathy)ntafian:confifrr"lfila.r"tri rf;u (Mature cataract)

z. in:rrfio:Jnfia asofiflqur firirlfi"triarrr:afiouasfioiu'[a r fisrfirn''ttoltantr r a.:1fi

B. ilfradrfio'lun''ri r ndauln: "tfiuri

g. 1 iSlursraa{uzu u'l a.rnnerlfio:Jnfiaa{ rfiurfiaoltdra.l(c.v.A)

g.z in:rrfiorjnfiza.rfi:"[o "tduri nfirlrfiafi:lazrordao(I.tyocardlal infarction) lia fi:"[oitruo:(Congestive heart f ailurel firir"l,fidr rfiufio.l6rfionafl:til<rd',q&&v

B. g iluatofr tn'lFloruar?a:{ururfiu r rdaug.4 in:rlfinr: ntanr:sn.lrr5:rrJ:ei:uu?s rdu inr:arurde

uauniazl ra!roduu..nlrortuourfiu,,*air rcrrroiicobstructive pulnonary ai".l".t rfilfiu

4. inrav'tnrreTnsaanr:q::aaira6il idr4snir B ngld,ls. nerlfirTafina.r d.,:idra:rl6ulouadlnini.rndr 10o nn.Hg.

n iin L il'lr:ruJ:sua r:rra:rdifi r fiuai:uris a ar niinfi r on r ilu-rvr:nnrralsrn?rxds"[?anrudounuunolnuHufler??aa1E?n??! lilorinr:n:roT:nrrrr:rurj:sdrnnirr,rqfiard r?o1 8.00 12.o0 u. Toeiurrdrd.sfirze:drqnrrTtnrrrr:ru:J:sdrniin s nu ur.rvrd:J:cdrfirr L-z nu il:las


32

du",rr.""rliloiil:vrrel 1so goo :rersiaiu islJrJfl,l?er:aa6nnrilairfi:rt la{n::auatiffus,alfitfi 1 ) r ?a''r 6. 0o il. il r la{Er:eaorrdr6'"[,fie,d9i o .{frrlasirlrrda:rnfin"li z, r?o,'r ?.oo x. o::a:sfi:rfi,,nra1urfiaoarnrjarefi: s) r 2o'r 8. oo u. ionerr6ulnn'qun"ffsfirnfinfi: 4, r ?n..1

8 - Bo 1l - r isn r fi rr:ruunri :vndr.rran??auasnran6rfl r?n??a s d{anrrrrfrfin"trilfi 6orT:t:u n : l"[fi n : r li :J: c d r

nr:rtn r :a ar niin r r1r ?.r11 "triiusrl rafi u ds :rrqfi ruT:n r !,rr ? r1l"[frdruuslirfi:J:EroreLA]r''rs niinraurrl:nr,.,..ru-.,u"nrro fir{rnfirndrfr..rJ1oirrflr'rrJ:tdr r fielt z nr uavuslll"ro l nnin 1 nu r{rrfird1filinr:urifirl:er"Luniilnfi rrfr*raurvT:nfir I niin "[uiuunc r..ldurnsirrfiu firfinist.,fiufi a.: iln o r n: dl1 lr d:s"[url:sfi iniin r rrr ?"m 16uri f,nJndur nr :fr rnfl rfi'[firir:Jinnr,drou.'rr::J:v61 1 ar uas rirnirfirruaiar"rina 4 nil (u'l1l,,roiarfr 1 nil fizt:arnfianulfr s nil) d:arirnirfidruaso:rudso:n:l:sdru3ruuoc'Lfrr{rullsfrurifiil:s"[u:"n:r.:nr:n:?a uafla-rnnr:ilfrfifinfirfi"l1d:ofiiuafinr u'rr:ruufi: r {rnflrfir ruqiarliriafir 4 nu firrirnfird"lfi1in,.,""r..fi,.,",.,^"[u r daoa rnrlorsfi: "[firi r:Jinr*r r fis:firnr::Jfrfififi:a as firlaa L 11rn ?ril:J:cdruoru uaviorfirufil:l:cififiil:err,.rr?-ll Toe"[fi:rinr:urifirlaa"[*r:ar:rdnr:rniu i.: r fru"tfidrfinJnrurn1?uas r irnfird.,: ueiar'tiria id:udaalfi? s rr u n''r : er : a a fi :J : c En fr n r u u a s "[fi :r i n r : u ri fi il : s "t fi fr : fi s r r n d r ff u

.^4- 9 dqrrq qern:a{ilan t/ lunr:ioe

.^{--g-sqqq -- 4 a &t n d a.: n ai-[f-[un r : I nl: ::.r: :li aln"lun r :i6a i6r u

1. uuaflarnrlfraladauilnna 1fiuri rurl a1E dnrunrudr:dfiadarfia ardu rud:rn",:ilir., i..,u.*idi"*-,t*i"o ,;"'r

"'"' ';;"" r 3a1s4s

n''r?Lilutrn n:rrrasra{n.'r::.r.'rFr:aa"luer6finr!,rr:ru unairfi"tfi;ufruuarfisasssnI ltn ril'tT?]iltlasn159tuoflilto{ (R..tn0Jil?n n. )


\a\

wW 33

airslos iaar fiunTsfie uilril:criuailrfia{rsf,udrniltltvriunr:irit

dil::nuc"liln'r ?fl raeu r a{ B ar fi rl:e ! tt''rr r ruain'lids iu4fi u ds 1fi iun rtinrrr. .q a r q dqo,q ,r, , " r &q s do?8Et1dilfl:ilr:cn']r n:aluurdon [d ltnr:dirsurril:c r iluilna uu:n'o r ia..r

q ----.3 s A d r.n''t:otrnnut a{ lrrnqua8a{ [a t:il uacuu:dot iannl:-liall::nucza{flut a{to-.^-^t-.a-ur-d.}-[ursruia

a{ uiller: 1 6nu$s : r si a n''r iln{ R ?'l lr r ralu'lun ?''r x6t''r x'l ?n? a{ fi r] ::rrd|,-s

"[unr:n:"rirfian::r rdaduaroailn'r?oua"u, uodd", r iuloefra"trl nr:qruoerura{-{^"^.^{^. - v do 4 d dq o'7lo'lluu9l1il?csc1,totu1fl'l? uacfl'l?ouogtlttalnarr:Juriarlilflr"tn't.r6-tudzt,ll,tysq d D _.q , a i? | . I wtlodl r?n aan?'rl luuerac:rgaa loornil?c5fttfl1iilnr:oua6il:e ril.rr?1iluoca1nfl''t:nril?u???mfl??lt dru:r ++ fra urisrfiunl:oriasla 3 Til?flda

1) ian::l"lutiErrj:vdriu (Every day life activities)d u wri I br 20 na [o!tn na 1 - LI, 26 31, 39, 40, 4L

z> ion::lriEi:firnr:inrr (Medical self care) i LT taltl, I Iloun zn 12 25, 32 34

g ) ion::rfirun r:ifililuonrufi:rfiduo.o n,.,r"lfiun ai.: rl:cIerd(rnterpersonal relationship ana uJe or resource) i T fia 'tduribaa 35 37, 39, 42 44

6nuflsnr:"[fin"uul r fiunr:"[finy[uun:rliu"[o"[un:rrafrrl:nu a\:d o I d 9rq d e 4ou t aoiacn:siltnt:ouanu t a{upiac r iall6dr r ia lror:rio r iluutui r find r na

S ..-_.9_ .,t,.1 q .i et d g ,-tognvuuu 0 Tlt''tgn{ Lllu [otaa nstturrn2,'ttIu-taacrilrdudt..roc 10

nsuull (o 10 zo 30 t oufis 1oo nsllilu nrrefr.rfiu"lo--f.- d 4 d d a s. 6a8''t { I 9lil7t n u uull8{ ll 1 fl u dfl ir r r nn r :i :ti dl: : nuy -[un r:ouag]u r a{ d{

fi:adr.r rduv . a4 ? q dt 3 s v ,'ruiltrd''rul?nufl [r a.tn'l?llrnra [u r oaoelr t flT Lil [o

10 20 30 l1O 50 60 TO 90 100

9,utJ

Jmr [a

*,Yrr%J+fl)q-ntlad'"2. urtrlrl:u r iudl::nlc1,tnr:auaflr r asaasfirl:E r u-rr2-lu

.! er

ilu ta

taEl

Bo a1n 10o irdu'r?oufftaalnr:firErralurda#rriuttlfidtrrfa

aB'l.Ja4

tgnm

uaa.rdrin:tfnrle

3 P Liql i tt,,-,lsrgx


34

g. uruil:s r iuqunrunr:rinridrni'firl:E r il,'n?,rur fiuu:::rrJ:" r iufioiroffulru inar a."rrl"

-, durr"" riun.";uia as fi:Jas

d e q i-o-, -l I rl su deafr rrin r :fr 'lfi 5:ruCIcrn a'rfl :d r is:fr as'[un iinfi :J :suan fi au :. r"[r,usinsfi o1fia r n:J:c d:rnr:nln'' rrnrfi,J:s"[unfitn , r;;;;;' uav n1'yrlryr?u???un?:ilsirl 1 :rsfraildruru LT ila 6nueusnr:1fin"uul rfiuurldriqdrnaf;rueir fis 5 nsuuu ffsttllu L nilrefr.r'[riai{rae nsuuu z nlrgfitai.rlrsn*..:nsuuu g nilrefiroi..:irsldaisfirrua "r fit nsuilu 4 nilrsfiiai.:rfitdau"[n{ fisullu s nilrefrtairnnn*r r"uuldorrnudo.:drfi:J:ainr:irinilR "r iln''r ? :rin r :l1fi rud

fi:aers ldu

uJa:{

toEl

a:{t,

1-l{n?.3

a?{u''t.3

'tria?sfir.r

1,lOt rru

q4a5{ tlru

d:lb{a:\:

I

YrflFf5{.l

o wlgv1. au tor].|Ft?']ildvo?fltu

a''tfluBtuflFt?aannnisq

dYH"l

1 z 3 @ 5

udqs d r"[tn r:Er: :od:u"[n{1fi iun :rildcoan


fl'l?R:?idalanmrl[ait lniasia 35

1- a21rn:{e",r,fiu". (content validityl u:rnrJ:" riuf;.r 2

ailu'lfii:rnr:n::odalloafirr:.,:?$?A dru:u s dru il:ynalfi:surndr { . r s,^.-.^----. : -,]-." -.--- 4 €. eo ag t rs?d'tQo1u lrn r illr2.tu 2 rirr artr:fruarurailsfui:rli"luuu?Rofl1:rta

qt|onu I a\r uasuu?Aonr:i:riolt?nuva a{ flu I a{ c riru rerurofitlfiodat9gs6 aa ' P3v \4t eV _e?ra D 6l , &

"r.3',Iu lunaufltlllT?']u 2 yt''t,[ qtiieloufrlznrur-lfrilorou rflr'[a.r,.t8?u Lursg-e$uilxil?s r iufrsafa.,rai:r uacil5:J:rsfra"luuuril:c riunrlnrunriuinr:nrn 16

ta,fiu rr ta o'trn?lrrfirua"fiarduauusauofinroqm?A n6.rarniulfirir,o*uoiatJrroaar"lfifiu{rl:sJ:nr!''rr?'rr d.rifinrcl"r..'ur,nrudfirirnuodru:1!I

4 ?'ls u:ru:rr:J:c r iudr::nt""[lnr?ouaflu r a{ i:rsfrafin?rrsrJ?,lgaordsodq<|bt!qrilr r drdn g 6a ai:uur:r:J:s riunilnrunr:rinr: "t:lidarfifias:Ji:r:J:rufi1a

I

z. a?1! rdesludn*cca:rrdaaadarnralu ( rnternalconsistencv reliability) Joafrurril:s riudrlfiSlnr:rJfl:J:lufi"tr

at Z . v vt rogo b. 'ludrfrsdasaiir l:J"tfifi!fiil:sniin r r''rr?''ru T:{uerrro:rrifi dru:u zo :..rErs ( t -' ^t 4i r n:rcid'ln2'lrt r fis{ToE"[714r:ffrrl:ciniuaaill? a{ n:aurrdlfiri ruaadrz a.r

uurrJ:g r iudr::nurl,unr:fl,i.ru r arfi.raill r rirfil o.gz druaarJru!:d:griruodu:inuc-Lunr:ounnu r a\:Tlt?oian::rlldio:J:c.ir ir o. 84 nl:Erfian::ld

,9qvArilsafrrnr:5nrr o.BB nr:ofian::rHrunr:ifilfiunnrufirfidl ua"nr:lfiS -( qr Iur 6i.: :J:cledi o . ? g uac1fi e{ ruaailr r a.r u:rr:J:v r iunrunrun r:rinr:drni:r

er 'laJil?8 I lJ','lT 21U r Yt',tfllJ O. g 1

dgn1T I nilt?u:?l| l|A

Dsv b,. su "l 4 - $6l?lsuacaldasias 3 nu ds riluilndflullda.nJ'lo:v6l:Jirurur]rl z nululu-s. <{ A tu d . ,,ss 3 b,, qe s &l.tEt'DJ1a?tr''tdl.r 1 nu I ililBl r nl:?u??rf aila 6iia r qTeilfidasi6s losduo.l

qe $ s | --!- av a ar. { { qr, e otrTf :'llJoit ?nnil?cd0na 0$ n'l:aaEttay adlrenr z'\,il tnias Ia-|,fr r 6r'[ofl:.] nu

d , _ br, rs q . I e _ _ o u t l e ia.uctnil?arJoal?oguosfld:sioEtuei.lnre-tu{o:l:nd uo;s11sli1fi:irriluunnnur>:r!a o q ___ ( e .tv &ailnailfl 't?9t'l r uilfl 'l: t' fl lJ? 2il: ?XI Alai6til


36

1- rialluufi:rfrala tSuumirsl fii{sfrrnr:dr::aufllrJ:cififi:laafifioq::o"Luludtf,u ar,fiuifi,t.udiulu 40 - 60 i inprfiaeertriori:r:J:s?,.rruaslilfi r:n rJ:c d r fi an d oT:n un:nfi uld:ru:.J er..m r nrl.idrnuo ilufin da uavfr rat a dq i r e-q I \,Ddqonuru liluilriil?c isidt nai r :'[ a

z- 5urfi::fraro tiuuqfio:rdl f;.rusir?ar 6.so u. dr::a:rsdafi:J:aarnufir:J:v ifi;ir r irrfird1fi r nieil r iErtinrrdrfirnr: r firi:.rnrrnr?ar fi afi a r :u r : r fi :l :a a;i"Lurl:s r .^ ",dd" r rnd." r unu r:ldorn r llfi fi i6en ia fi d: ai{e r i",uu"ri'',fr . f,u"o iorq:lrvor Ca oq nr:iisua";;;;;r;;m;i,,r.;;;;

" "

::r:arfiar" uioufi.rfinrrfilndan;no.,rfl:laa (qrn,.rnaril?n {. )

- d e t q <t6rDB. rilafrrl:sEud"lfin:rli:1fia"[unr:iia fiiiaua"fidesi6srfi1: ar: :rfr arJan'l:..ru1r:r darn r rfi arad:uln n a ur!il:s iluuurrou" "lun r :ouosqr r a{ uasu:tl:J:c r iu,nrunrlnr:linrrdrniufi:J?B Il1,.rr:ruertdr6:J Joa1fisd-&?0'fl''r59tit1l

3. 1 fralnaiaulnno "[Sidfinprarnufilrj:rlfiuovfirnrr*d rdrr r filr ilrrurnu"" ,., urr:J:v r iudl::nu"1unr:grunqil r a\: "lfifi:J:aaru r a{ niori ru"lfiilr"[un:ilfi fi :J:ahidcar:n"[un r: iirt, tu ei runi.: du'tfifi ruu,.,n n $ai,-9{<lclilqnr r cas dreqruasdil{ru:rnrilr ua"inr:airre"[u:rfl as ! dfl o u dr r fi r"[u

g dg r 9 | t:rsfrafr{rlra"[:jrfrr"[aniahirnsirj:vdrnr:rfirrriau rdu nr::Jirzu-rqzairBraet:c6rfi rnrn"[u r fi ao n1?e? ?a?" 6!irfl ro"[lilaar a"n ta"[u, daodfi .u oa"n

a

B . s ur:.1il:c r iunsn rrn r rlin r :drn il fi :J :s r lJ..tr ? ?u"lfi fi :J aari rlntaii'ru"lfiilt lun:dfifi:Jaslilas r.ndon iiru r a..: Jors r ioTanrofirjeefiia:"1*

6l r, i u rdnr:qa:J"tfrrrrnfidpr 'lrifinr:aiil''rEru a'rsa ?.'rrrSouu"uu:yr]{ n-.r"ear r dr r 6'tq

rfiooon:rldr rdsr (Biasl "[unr:fioriu"[aaaqfirlea

"[unr: r fi:rfr orae,*0fi 1fiu onarrd:rilaarnfir]::r6ru:ufiof;u zo5 ?,.rEla?t ,s . ' n,;- --",-."rlaril:ailfrldonr:qa::urrdarorr s T,.rs rfiatarnod'lunras ri{t:J 4 T1Euordn 1 €"rEJ lidrrrrnil:s u fiuervuuunr:i:r!arr:rn*r1unr?ouaeru r at'lfi


37

--r-.9- I d .-.-^2- -r dr,d, , ' <a onQrn2as'l.lilnailuilljdalarl 20O ttEf ifridrlr:adruuac r dsudrnail I aittsvr, d -^{--___?rto | 1,l8il 14 :18 t ila{ nlnA:Jlsdau-h{ll16ilrudrafreoril1 uasil'l.t ?1Etii-lu

nfi..rdaldaanru:rr"trilfirierrrf,sfla fl.rrnarulrdalnrlf;r g ailr lfiu:or:J:crrru zo - ao urfi

- lr,fl'l?? I at'lstt alla

nr:irn:rrdfrara loe"lfi}J:un:,dr rfar.rl spss/pc+ firfit

. 1. finrusfrarad:urnnaaa{ndld:asror,{uo rud dn,.run,l1,rdrjd,09tqrqd-latrrco

TtaHa'l9tE a'1tr1,J tsoln'lttlnul nrrlriagaa{fl,I:n:?a uacun6ilza{n1uusu,ld s 1> d t,

t rafl''t?ouanu I a{ : t n:rcxFt?gn ?.lltiunvi agas!

z. irnrrodfralaai:ulnnaza{ndnfi:a:ir.r"[lr,duou.ru dru:uildnttq

flnrr"Lul:{ rdsuuos?uscnr: rf,ul:n6:s dr lads ifis drurduo rourler?X'ru drn:rlri (skewness)

g- irn:rud'i'rrodu drfififl d:urduo,nuxrn?x,ru drnerlrfi? a{ n c urrn r : ill!fi .r nruR'lrfl l r ui n r : d rvr il fi :J r a t rt,lr ?,lu u oc fl s uuun r :iuiottg. O 9rtril: : nus lufl ''t ? o u afl u t a { z a s a il : :t I u,.t r ? -.t utl 9

4. irn:r"{narlfirfird:cndr.r rr.rd nr:dinuuctr:,r?a,rn,l:4 s - 93_ q I v rrt a e v

r, rJu !?n fl 'l:?il?n{ i$R-]iln-r?u,inr:drnit{:Jaa I !,ln ?1u fr unr:iuidil::nussli,q er 4 , s 9'[unr:ouaRu

r a{ a a.,: fr:J:s r rJ'1T ?lu r ilil:1s? toe"lfiafl:fllrJ:ciyr;arfirfiudgtt$gd 4v-

?an tilE?dlr (Pearson product ]Ionent correlation coefficient)


qrBAnl??AS

"[unr:ounnur oir

dxnn 4

Banrriieuocairl:reaa

---ie-.-9.&qoq - e er sn 1 5 ? A g A ? { il LOft fl n'l fl''t ? - ! - n{ n$R 1iln.t T il- n 1 :5sil16dnprnrrtl5il{a$R1iln.lrlinrr nrtiuial??nus

ua'nrrrfirrfiud:sndrsflaiefiuXrulrril:cnr: ianri rlrd{dsoD$tvv?,n1?flnr*1 ?sss r ?41n1: r rju [:n nr:5lidsaun1iln.l?ldnrr fir.lnr:5tf

.6irr.q.4,4s-qdr|rrnlrs lufl 'l?oudnlr I a{ u as 6il:e r u rn : rudilo'Ldils dudduna afl ailn..t ?n: ?at, ?l -'- t

dauqrun rr,l? a{ r ndas fi aaan r :iiefifi .r fi",t''

oaoaanDBESa{nal|n?as1{.t.

I v _-r__CS_ _ C &.*o 1 qflailn?a8,lirndnulni{uxa'1il?u 200 ?1s rflurrdnd{ 157 ?189

rilddre ag ?ls argf;ruoi 40-60 fl alErads lz.s il rd:u,duo ruu99

illn?X1il 6.0 drn:rlrfi - o.s) deu"[n{daiaeon ao idnrunrr,rdl:ddruI -..--,Q 9 v .t ?r r q rc 9 .l?asos Bz a'ldsas [un?{ rymlrlua? drnirardu6rl:sd:u"Lnqrir.rrunruil

flrlaefiririorduTrirs 5u:rdnrr . riai1ia.oianarfi.rs..rs6ril2u"[nfi rdarfiu6rn:uildfinnrlur:.rrieurodu 5.6 fl ctfis o-1e il d:u,duorruilrerrr.rug.9 dra:rrrfl 1.1) firl:edounrrfinnr:cHurl:snrfiuiiaeroo 60.s 1:ilfirdeurfir;fatasac ?.s ?sss r?o1n.r?rf,uTrn rurnrrufif;.rsei s rdam aufiszo il 6ruauiTo",*du s.B' il td:urduorrruil.rer?x.rrr 4.e eirn:rrrfi !..2,firl:etaeac s9 il'ler?anrrfionn L-z rdau


39

al"Nfi 1 udosdru:u iaaa" uocirAfifizasnailfirarlrl druunqrlfiamd:uuffffo (N=20o)

==============-===========================================-===========

6rruusaa{nailfi:a:ir..: dt:u iosa" finrnvaa.:n{ffi:adx rirofifi.t -'---_ I

r,ud

il'm

rs{dnrrutrudmd

lao

rii,

btTll-lEJ TEt-l ugfl

d.slTtaalnourgl

fl?{ tm{ilT'nrn:9

dioll "t

l<la?lrul8.trlruil'lg|:x-lu 6.o

arflu

a1,?lja''t{un']alE

tirmlj'llt.{ail dl

:ndxnr:;hnn

ti'tfirimnfi,.:da 'ls r.srj:cnilfiu rzt 6o.sil:snulars fi 8.5fioslfiu ls T.silosl:Jnrs 9 4.sil:snrdfisfior:rauiliqgr 16 B.ors <lx:Qil1e|5 7 3.5

dn:udaasnrrt'1ff:?ilel1rlila

nn 2-4 fi:Jord

nn t-z rdau

rn g-a rdau

ilsztiln:'ztiliarnfia 31 ' 1s.s i&r

a1aI

43 z:-.s ifi:r157 zg.s drrqdg

19 6.s rirn:rlrfi160 Bo.o 'Srtari!ffilnrrlul:.rrign27 1s.s ifia

,dn1taa8

?cwL?o'ln'rtlilnT"o

36 1B.o drrafie

31 1s.s aiturier rilur-letr{1u 4.8-97 48.S drn:rllfi5 2.5

164 Bz.o darrfies rilull-teri,.tu 8.9{36 1B.O drnauri

110-60 i52.3 il

-0.5

o-1e fl5,6 fl

1.1

L-20 il7.5 fl

L.2

4 2.O

118 59.0

78 39.0


40

unds fr alagaudruilsf rtunr:nuaCIu I air

g-r--d 4 . e I o ___9__._ l9 &{r,- u oqrll ?En r illrnQilfl ? as 1 { lun r :ilnrr a 5r il165 il6 ailauas n' r uu:cur,99-g{eSt frs:fi ulrn r il'rn?1urovn1?gruoeu r a{ a.rnrm6is rJ:sfsrdeirr 1 Toafirl:sd1fiv t o .-9--- Jdc $ I?1l3AIAUnsn1Busil1a.tnttTnE$aruaulrnd{iaeos 90. 5it ?a,i o.t lrdariru:uiasao ag 'lfiiuarndanr..rine lnrfiari uasrandr:eirr "r d:udlfiiuarnr 6rnfi rdusiril'lail?sd rnitn, *r.rI"u fin1ndurnl: uas r irnfi rd.: iueiaillid a

ornfiasr!rx?1il iiaear 98,46,24 nrildrdil urn",rnfifirl:efirid:ulfii:rfiaraornfidasr.!rn:ru qrfidfiao u.udu n c6rudos"[u".ri.,od z,

".t od z udosdruauaciasasaarnqirfiamir{ druunnrrunairialauasdruw{rd es

e i,rfl8?nil [?nt!1n?Tlltasfl,l?6tuo9ruta{ (N = 200)

===========:======-==:J*=-=-:==========::E-==-=====-===-===.--__r_i, o o d v Su?o{ ? a{auasn'luusu'l ! rig?i! L:n r urn eru.tl

c9a1[?11 5agas

unufl1?auomua.i tsra!'lfiilrnndr r drsraul

6uilng

uenrrnrj:vdrniin raursl:nfrerdr,

raTnulTitlma{ r1|11?Tr

finTndurnrr

firlzalinuur??TrrJ,lel

dr, dlllm{ U0sltl0ll a,t

181

76

48

90.5

38.0

24.o

46.O

33.O

39.O

83.O

2.6

1.5

1.O

danrrtq Tntfiarl uasrandr:eirs "r

fi*!r. alre"lfidrrlirn*rmias r ?/ni:ilff{anz. lJzunmdmrdafirn*rdt rfiuJu:on.l:iieaatilnfim*r

",1

9z

66

78

166

5

3

2:==========::==================-==============:====;::=========


4L

eD--qeln 1 ?:x?n{ nom1rn .t ruinr :drrililrl:e r rln ? 1rrrt9J

"[unailfi:adrr zo0 r"rEJ i T :re fi'trio'lr,liona!urrrJ:crirununru__-,4 9 v q_i__-.-.-- \4? e q 4 v.,fl-r?lJ?fl''rtd']T?:JGnt?EttlJ'lr-?"t11 lfln:l|ylflu a e1fln'l?iln:rsrncurunr:iuitt'.la

stv-.q1a9dnilr'11,tfl1:!:ft1:fl a{floljn?ag1.t 193 ?'18 rn1ud8 35-95 nsltuu nutlllutaaElt,t

69.3 nsrilil d:utist rxurt'rer?X'lu 10.8 finrilcnyuuuifidnrs rfitJnr.lfire<rirn?T ilri o.T, udo{irfirJasd:u"[nnisrtnrun''r],rflr:lrinr:driarunrud

I f gt q

<!s1veq6r,ldI ila? I n:'lcT fl 'l:?u?nilR']ltfl ''t?il?n'l: luufl ac:,'t8? a ( 0 -l?,t.t7t 3 )ttt

D I a , I q ', q rd <l S v v q J

1.11J?',t Atil?Et1ljt?1n',I?lj'fl'l?61?U lTolljff$n1ldo [fl8:1E|?a L2 za [un{rloijseqr, <r {,9 ! - 3 q, g d<tr frailnsuuuradefisun 4 nsuuilEu !r zarrnsururafisd{do 4.6 nsu,uu,g9

d:uriss riluil1errx1u o.9 rirnrrrrfi -r.a da,iurn?1rduq?nzarlnn*rfiIo dS_ _i t tr-_ g_ 4 ye<r r I 6r e q el11191:?O UOc?ailllncuuTlao8gllYtdfl nat:a{fl1i londeu::il lun1?6odu-[a

des<tdI fl8?flljfl','r:flUAflU I a{ logl|nsUUil r AAE 3. 3 nvuuug

rat1.6 0"rn?.mtll -0.4

,.dd?ur1r8{Iljux'19?611r

J


42

nr.l'.rd 3

o,.|n!?o

udcn ri r r ada dru r fu s r urilleng'ru uncri rn : u r fi a o.,: nr rf r!fi.l qnrnru

nr:rinr:drrirhheru''".'lurflu:refra tu = 200)

elrq'Sfl 't:?!?n{ fl nnT{fl 'l:!?n'lt

ttq

rsfr.alr',n'] raoS 6l?lltllgit tul n'ln?'llt tlJ

:J-rfl:n1u

6

T nr:lfin :rriunsdruu"rlrfi r $urj:"fearfsranr:

\,1 , q? vv Sdn']? [9m?'llltNlr'lTllfl 9t2?1fln1{7llt']9t:?Q

nr:lfi5lnrrirprarnumdnu r firvl 9<lr, . q e q q d v

n1? lolrd?rl:?il lufl 'lrgroffir [a r nE?nxn'l:

mtogrutait

nr:du"lauaui:fis foJn ra as fi rheg

t

nuagnrra{tt. 6t r. { dq- *

R?',llrduo?fl lun'lts an?'lljtr?g tTaa I rarnjryn'lI9 n'r:tfiiln:rridir r fiusianl?nraeru r o.l aEi1.r

dirrdraJ erb I C

ll1,t7tzuos1lE']lt10 [n | ?a'1 agls ! uEitlto

t,.

n?1ildso?nu a{?fla;{fiil1or?it\1.' - nZ O .{ Sd

fl 1? $m? 1!n{ ?co:Ju'rgr-ta tlr I oaFlTtt]n ?{1H 10? ?a

4o u rrdn ?1il I lrufru I A{A1fl I A',tTU',]Tl

n ? 1lffirln r ar"[a"[darn r trdrdqto e 6l O

fl,l? tiln']o{ ta lilnl:Ftuosnr|a{- 6t 6t o t0lC

n?lilmr ta lunl?naila 1n1ilrl 9s | | <a g

n'l? t9|:ufl 'l:n:?aT1{fl.tgag'l{as I a8tmfln:it{'llBf',ln:24

1

2

3

4

5

4.6

4.4

4.5

3.4

3.3

4.3

4.1

4.2

4.2

3.9

4.4

4.3

4.1

4.3

3.7

4.2

3.6

0.9

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.6

1.1

L.Z

1.1

1.1

1.3

o.9

0.9

r.21.0

1.6

1.3

L.Z

1.8

1.9

2.8

o.4

- 0.4

- 1.5

- t.z- 1.5

L.4

o.9

T.T

1.5

L.2

1.3

o.7

1.5

o.4

10

11

LZ

13

t4

15

lG rfr:"tim:rufiinr:cdanrunnn*sdl''rfl??a

L7 n?lil:?or{:"[unr:ifi:r?nir***

*r* N=198Trl8ttgtt tN=195 **N=1gg


4g

n'r ? i u i dr ? ? ous "[un,l : o u a Ru r a {r r a..r fi il ? E r 1r.l r ? r n

n s urlun r:i:rior::nu""Lrn r :qruafl u r a$ a a{ nairfi a adr t d ru:u zoo:'rs firirfifier 1660 irro nsuu* d;,;d; ;r;;.;t;;;;; ;;,dso,:,uil']s1311il 535.3 finurucnvuuuifidnrrrfil:Jyrrtfire trirnarlri o.s)u dor d r fi :l :e6iau"[n{fi n r :iuidr: : nus"[un r:ouanil ! a{ dir

{ a 1 v e. sr _ 6r Ir il a? ! n: 1 vr n suuunr :5ridil::nus-liln-r?fl uonu r as"[u:r gnil:es ag,fro g rr?o in"utufisfi

1. nu:ofian::1"ludiEr:J:cdrTtirirfifis 6eo-1eeo ncuuu drrad:l1s34-s nsullu d:urduo,ilililrer:x''ril z4z.T rirn:rlri -o.6

2- ul:otfion::lrdeefi:rnr:5nurfirirfiffs ggo- LToo nsuuu rirrafier1189.o nvuuu aieurfierr uxuil'ler:g1r zas.6 drn:rrrfi -o.4

B . nr :orfi an::rfi run r riff lfi lon rufi r fi duua" n r :'[ff uu as :J:s Jsrri€rlq.-lgiririlfie Bzo-?00 ncuilil rir raa's sB6. g ffsutll d:r u ile{ r rtuilre?grilar.4 eirs:rilri -o.B

r fi alfi or r r tn{oai r fi tl? an a s ruunr:illar: : nu""[un r :oraqu r a.i:sndrrrrenil:o"lfi fiiiairuilasasuuur6uuiolnnleo"[fi,fiu'roo nsuuuuac 6od r Hln v41111'1,;iiou* nuvtun r :g-;;- ;,; "[u: r sn l eosi o81fi 6.r fi

1 . n il enfi an::rfi rrn r :ifi lfi unn rufi :r fi duuar n r :"lff udai..r rJ:sTsarlfinvuuu6.rd4o rirfifis 4s.T-Loo flcu*r

' ,i,., ra6e BB. B nc&ilu

,.dilqd?iltltsit Mn'1CI?91il LZ.s

z- rr:orfian::il"[udin:J:sdriu irirfifia s4. s-99. s nsullun'lranE 76.7 ffsrLtllu drutilgr rxux,.t9tTx11r 12.t

s- nr:ofion::l r de:fi:Jnrrinur firirfifie 19.4-1oo nsuu*-.t-.-3- -- - ,. dnrrAag 69.9 asuulr d:usile{ rilTil,]stiX1il 16.8


44

n-r?Raildxlfilrtnr:i6a

firu:J:fifinprn:raffrfiud"lun*rfi 'tfiuri rud nr:ilnur :uEs r ?o1(suee

fl''r: r iu L:n nr:5uid.:nrun.liln1:uinr: unvnr:iridrr::nu""[unr:arunflu r a\,riaunr:i t n:r"f,lrnarrrfilfiud runlfinnuilos r fiufirurJ:riu (Dunny variable)lofl"lfiruddra irir = o rudn0. idr = r nairfi:aarr zoo r..rer il T ?-r'l"lilcr r r :nn aruurrJ:s r iunr:irifi s nur -run.l ? ui n r :'[fi n:rnnia ir i r n : r o{n:rlilrfiudlos"[ffaEr:fil:J:sirfioarn;ris{ffuarrrirt.rt.,.

-rr, :,.rEl

.qtudlldXrunr:i{s : r r.rd nr:if nur ?sEtv r ?o..tn,l? r ilT:n n..r:5uifir nm'11.rfl''r?:rinr:in: rlfirfiudfirnr:iu!af il::nuc"[ufl.]?qBocrur a{aairp.r .--',r-r$-r- -a _-_9-^.^ "J

& " t--a--

cJlt?Etr u']r?1ild[n [r{{ iixddu aonr:ifnur ilfi.ril ( udo{-hflrzrsfr 4)1- t ud in a rlfflfiudnr.: arfirnr:iridr::nrc'[unr:oraeuLa.l

fos::il adxif,sdrf,qnrsaifi (r = 0.1s, "

. o.os) Bdo{drfi:J:er rJlr?1r rrddreiuidil::nuc"[ufl1rouaflu r a{dondr{:ha !!..rr2,.ru r udtQs

z - nr:tnurin:rrffrfiudnr.lu:nfilnr:iridr::nus"[rn1?nua-rrulasJos::r adrrif,sdrfignrrofifi (r = o.zg, p ( 0.001) . udo{j,lDt d.rfr :l ::r r r 1T : rufi in r :fi nrr d.: ir!al::nur"lun r :qruaeu r ao dr n ir fi rJ asfi inr :q3,!g$nnDlnln?'l

g - nr:i:r!fi.:qnrnrunr:rtnr:inrr:rfirfiu#nrrranfirnr:iridil::nuc"lufl"r?nuanuluoirur., adrrifiadrfiqnrrafifi (r = 0.1s,P ( 0. os ) ndfll lrfidiu!i''rRrumllfl,r::r?nr:6ndr irior::nur"lunr:ouanil r a { d..r n i r fidt, i,i -,

i*o,., in,., t, i n r : dfi a s n j r4 - rsErc r ?a'rn1: r fluJ:n"tiin:rlfirfiuf filnr:iridr::nrc'[unr:s,'fluanllro.t !flg??x (r = 0.11 , p = o.o?l udolirfifii:"g"r:arnr:rfiu

as --.4, o .,rrn In fl n''r ir fl u - x?d!t ?nu!, -[un t :oIaqu r ar'[riuornEi r r fi u

6s fi n,, a n r : fi nnr n fu fi is afi 'arluar,

fi g r un r r ii a"tfi r r s dau


46

r fi ai r n: r "dn

: r rffrfi *d:sn : r.,: iloisfiurr*dfi nr*r fi rn r :t ri.oo-adr::nrs"[unr :ouanu r as'[u:.tEtrlafl u:r:r!u

' 1 - n r:finurfin:rlfirfiufnrr r:nfirnsurilnr?iliar::nu""[un r:ounflu r as"lunr:ordaefi.r B ril?n da nr:orfian::r"[udie:Ji"6riu, rr?elr_ d v vdon::r r ris:fr rnr :inpr uasnil:Frian::1fi runrriffrfiufin,rile ad r r fif, adrfiqvrrtcfifi (r = o-18 ' p ( o.o1 ; r = o.z!, p < o.01 ; r = 0.2g,P ( o.o0r flrildrdrl udotdrfifinr:finur{rinouuunr:t:ridr::nu""hnr:

Z -r r,{{t - t t, !u

fluanil I o\:yl\: g nl:ordtn:rHi:inr:dnr*rgrrndrz. fisui:rn:rrfilfild:gr-irs:cEs ! ?a..rfl..r: rfitT"u

n r :5:rial::nu""[un "r :ounnu r as Toe: ara" "tifi fi adr 6qn r t afi 6

r s Is r ? o''r n r : r fi uT: n i n : r r fi lfi u dn r r r e n fi r n s uililfl -r r i l i dr : : nu" "[:rn r : o-u aeu r as n :r :o ia n : : r fi rrn r : fi fi lfi ron r u fi :r fi 6ru a

" n r :"[ff n" ui.r :J :

" Ja arl a' ]s

ifiadrfiqnrrdfifi (r = 0. 1d , p ( 0. osi ooroirfififi:"s",:^,.,n,.,: rfir,1:nlrr in"ulunr:i:r!al::nu""hnr:flttnflu r uor'o.rfian::lfirunr:fiv,var,Jq9'drilunnrufirilduuosnr:'[ffuneirrJ:sf arrfd.rn:rfifii:"a" r ?a,.rfl..rr r fiu]:nfiaa

r iafiar:eurn:rlfflfiud""" jr{ f,aisfiu1rlfifinr*ruErav6: r d1 r firurdr

1 ) t url fin: rlfilfiuf fi:rnr:fiflulyr"r.J ar oa rr ifiedr firuyrr..r dfid(r = -o-34 ' P < 0.o01) udosdrfirJaatrlr?lururldreinrrfiir*ralndrtt - Ia:l:s r u'tr?'tu rudnQs

z) n r:finurin:rrffrfiudnrr arfi:rnr:i:rifir e$R1xn,.r::rinr: ad r,:!uj

fifiadrfiqnrsaifi (r = -o.rz, p ( 0.0s) ndo.rdrfifiinrrfinurdoilnr:9lsv er ..1^^__B- , od< a l-:x?n{ qiln1unI:ttf nr:strnir frililnr:dnprEtr ndrtlla

nlJffsullul1

tl 91l,J lJ ? 'l


'46

<lfl1:1it7t 4 n:rlfilfild:wdrsfi:urj:eirs 1 irn:rv{6:safiGrfis{fiu (N = leg)

12345678

1. tl,ld 1.0O

z. nr:firn*r -0.34*** t.oo4s3. ?cEsr?a1n't:rlu hn -O.Og O.0g 1.00

+. nr:51!i.:qunrr -o.oz -o.Lz* o.o8 1.oos9

nr:::inr:s. nr:5r!du::rnrc"hnr: -0.1s* 0.zB*** o.11 o.1s* 1.ooll

ouasnrr a.rfng?ul

e. nr:ilidr::nusq -o.11 0.18*1 o.os 0.10 o.8B*** 1.00

rr:afian::1"[l?in

rJ:cdriu

z. ntzili.alr::nuyq -0.16* o.z1*r o.Lz 0.10 0.90*** 0.61*** 1.00tlqd

Til2oflnfl?:lrtfl8?ml

nr:imrr

a. nr:5:Jidr:rnusq -o.og o.zg*** 0.1gs o.zg*** o.?s*** 0.64*** o.s?*** 1.oo

nl:orfian::1firlnr:ia.vosd6ilU1lfiR']un! Atalludc n1:

IJ

'[ffunair:J:vfea{

:--:=====-===========================================

TlnEtTgl :j

ta'-P<o.Os nr:rirnlodrfi:u:J:

**P ( O.01 tuddrs = O

**.r------P<0.0O1 ludnQr = 1


47

fl'rin??edailnam'ru! uo t, oduoiu.l

1. unril:c r iudl::nlrl,rnr:ouanu r aldrnirfirl:e r rrl:rudietiftt I

fil iudit t "lffsriilil:syrm l fir]:sdru"[nrtdr l'rrn r fr r"[auac il:s r iun. rr,fir,isqqo[a 1ilfl1:flisyr''rfl-riouoeru r oslu:rBfrafio 44 fia 1fid i ufies 1 :-.rEr a,1fl

tU

' s,-U-, dV', e q t q vnltzan:.mi?lmoyt.ir:JFt zos T"tI yt [ildlill:nt?''t lauav:J:ctltu:cfirnsutuq-.. I a - &9o 4 - ,q , qd y,{s d dt c[1u1|r1?c tilUA!:Jlt LO ( tillrritdTry{ rdadrEiar Ll !or:sun[sda a'lq 60 :]

. I O \,1 \,|9d"rlr''r:nuouav I u 1 !aR11'''t LytEt Lo )tl

. a''rnn1:rJ:s r iudl::nu""Lunr:ouaor r a{ urdrfirl:sai:u"[nnihir ns-u9t,Yev 9 V | <{ L /q o q 5r e dLFt:lJ?ailO UAs !illFr8lt:l?vdljn''t?tu [unt:n:sn"tflaflt?lt [u:rgzaT L4, 23g

4 4 g---s- .. rs - ? 6r {uoc 24 d.: u ilu t rai t nfl?fl:Jfl''ti:Jiuu trorgrao:s6lu'tFl''ta ru r aao uosn,'t?

fl::a:s fiufirr r a"[u r daon t ailaar:vdfi ru fiiiauas fid:si6ei.r d r r f u6as9ra-.3-. ,9 r 5 ,( <rd o a O t , d qa fi :l''l 8 n { u? v [8 f, llu o s 2 6'fl 1 i fl : cil''r fl e fl 5 t l| fl ''t t o tt ont t a { fuuer a c : t EJ t a r ul t gil

$

r darlru:rl:J:c r iu"trt"tfi"lnneilfi:adrrfifinur zoo irs i r n:r"dn ?.m r fier "[u6nuilcn ? ''rildafinfiu.o"'u"[ufi:edq:fiilil""8of u u^rJr r as n ?aurr"rd$rlv | | | - - 6 tu-Lornruaad''r?a\:uxxil:sriudl::nu""[unr:orttCIerlruarfisairryrrfiu 0.93 s{ra

uaoilrur:r:J:s r iudr::nu""[unr:ouoerll r arnr:ofian::r"[udin].1:sdrlu 0.8?tdvtod-.

Til?OnAfl :5il I n8?nUfl ',t?:fllr'] 0. 88 Til?ofiaf]::1fi rlnr:fifflfiuo.nrufi lfi dta

uornr:'[fiunar:J:cJEad o.To d'.,:uoo.rarurrrJ:vliudr::nuu'[unr:orua_-_.3S_'. __- { q q . v sr Grnlr t a{ il]J:luilfl 1 n ?''l lt r 7tI{ L1dnuilu n : r Idaon 6 a{ R..t g-11l-[1l: g dId.]

il

z. uuilrl:s riuqunrunl:il;n1:drriliilesril,lx?-lr nalfi:adrtnn3Jtt

:rsdrrr:n r frr"[a:rafra"hul:L:J:v l iulfidvrnfra uErfi T :rsarnn6ilfi:agr.:tt

zo 0 : r s hi or n'l ? n il i s r iua : r li fi n a r n ilr s dr n r :nln r :'[fi 5 r ] :' n r :"[fi fi ? rryr nl|q

fra loa{:Jea 4 :rs"tildrlr:nnarfra B " rdafiflru"r rfieafiildaR-rl,r ntanr:!t, r .l

ouanil I a{ iudr:lr:na an arrdag r rdax ''tfluuy,dus rlr nnto r irnfirfidu ol.L.tfia"oran"

tflarorn"t:iunrEJi:J:cdrnr:d"[tn''r:?anarrdeernda"[],*u06..:nar:9( v I{rl:a 1 ?-rEr 'trdrlr:nEra:rfra 14 "uunduarrro uas!6rnfirfisir.o r au"[o


48

da"Erardralrzarird" rdarolnhrrnsirj:ya:rnr:n1"[lnr:fnnrr fi:J:s 1 :1s'tridrrr:noarfi a LT " r i rnfi rfi sir{ "r "luuaunn::a"[fi uinr:uriiuair{ ??o r 5 :,,r u: r

" fi :J :sifi n i r n r::rin r : r fu"trln r r:s il:rn r rfi ? uas fi :J :edn r :ralidrrr:n

Ealfiofra a uocfra rz lfifirerrqarnnirur..,udu ,l

do,rt ilairull:J:s t iu"lrjlfi"lunai!fi:aer.rfiflnnruav i r n: r"{d rn.., ,, duo

Qovsrst--lLUOnU$s n : r r|daorn o a..: n r s-l,u losaln:fi ril:e iiliu aail r a a.: n : oul r d a r nnai'fi:adrs 199 :rstfidruaail'r rrirfiu o.84 dsuoosiruuil:J:c riununrunr:ilinr:drrirfirl:s r rrn eruin 2'lu r fie.i'hdnrils n:rrdaonfiuoo,.,u"[u"[u:s6rdr

lrfl1:aRil:'l8Ba

nr:ai:J: rs aaav afiil: rs1ufi:fraEia1lfifia 6nrruvn{1fi:ad ro uno.:?-, c c d o s 'la ailounynlu'[su1 r rietn:J L:n r lrl!'ruuacfl1?quanr r a.J nr:i1ifiSn$R'',fttllj

auer.G-fl''r:il:n?r nr:5lidl::nus'[un,l?ntroflu I a{ n: rlfirfiuf a ol fi:u:J:fif,nurttasnuR'niu a{ r oiuoia

t

eagaanlf|lsf, a{na!fl?aa.lit

t

nairfi:adrodfinr.'o*ofiid.'u.u zoo :..rs fiarErafie sz.s i druun4qetttJuturlng{ia8as 78.5 dnrunrudil:ddfrsiagac 80 nailfi:atirtfisnairr

<tv - I g

idnurucdann 6as filt::ldrfia as dnurusn6irifi:J:a r u rr:rrdiql:jfis iuafi1"luq|,t

il:c tnd"lne dtu:rdrifirJaa rudnQ.rlrnnir r udd'r1 u:rrioe"[ud:rarE:cR jr.l4o-s9 fl tdiin:r lBurn 2526 : xi-xii) :cfirnr:f,nu,r?uonuir,fi:ud,.,.,,.9^--q | | u t .g e ^

q

d?ulrCInararrprr a'aiaeav 60.5 ailn-ltanur:vfiurj:cnrfiu uaviagouz - s 1i1fi r ieuri.rdo firleuiaaav 48. s rirr r'adfi:.riruag


49

.JoodettlT a{ n alJauas n 1 uusu'l I fl El ?fl il [?a I il'lx ?'luuas R'l:Ruanll t a{

-rtg

fi rl:sd:u"hrio'ai atrnc eo. 53t-

16irfi alaunsd r uusr[r r fi safi lJ:n( , , tllrv s

t1t1T?'luuasfl1:ouanilt o\: a''lnull|?ltl :a{o.lll"l:agac 83 L9l?:-la1flYl"l{?llfJq u,J ', d.4rr- 2, o o J r, dlyt:Tf{lr uas I ofld1t91il1 d?u?t to:11? ailouocnluilsu,]a''rn t a']Tlt"r?lllEl"lll''lo

:J:vdrniini rfisriaea" ga dsaaonfiatfir:rsrlura{ EilE,v SdErvuriu uas

nldu"r (2s30 : 18Bt d.:finr*rfirl:sl:n tl'lr?''tildia1ilfi-:6uaiu i:nr ntffl:"nat9l

(zsgz : 96 ) finr+r fi:J:sf :nn rrlfiu]afiErdsLlvr:rxd't t ret unv ! naiun{ggrl-d-f $ 6)

',r S t 3 4l v , t q? d r

d?d.l1 (2534 ; 31) finil"| [ll0llj2E [?nIaflOOflu t ta5{ dcTau LT LTll?''lv <l o d d u slse L tt 9 <l

1,t;t1x1ng{illjYtll'lYlTll"rnrflEl?flljn15 LT?aila UAsfl?','lllSuf'l6l:J?gua8 n?:ilfl''l?tv rd g dei rr.l L 61 9 u ,a , -?-t - ---- &

lr T r r :r a 81rT 1l'r yr rT il a 2u rT n ?'r ilT u n s dfi r duufl ''l T q u nfl u t a { ? a { fi :l a EJ il r n u u& do, qeq on 4 : r' y,t ]- --!uafta ln{n"t rYtat:1 2fl lqSxa ?1 il?al frdan''r{r ?fl a [il:1|61 tlas ! ofld''l ?CI 1.3 c1 ll''1 fl

$|u9- u 6lt d t t

- I $ | rdcrar Lr r ru?"r 6ladr:l:ofuluilaofit r fi rfisrl:vdrdu"lfii rs r ilafr adr:il?adil<J q 6lee g " o q | ,s qrr!, t ,?y,iluYnJ''t7t lufl'l: [Tu oilori''rn?il ]18''lLl''lan?trlJYllJ"tYl [ufl"]?6.3 L d:1.l LTGIIJ?934fl

- { 51 9. 961 I s r S ,6 t

ud?.rr''tttav taafl !/a?''ril: [T Lno:J5s IEltru$an"r?nuanlt a.3a

ylr-Sfl 'l ??rTn{ n$fl 'rTfl -l ?11:fl 'l :

B.l

n nr fi : a tr r s ai :u'[n rti n r : 5 :r i nrun 1 iln'r r x; n r : "[ud r ud fi o J,s: :lu a"t d st

s U & d sq 4 qo a s 4.{, dT"tEtSA yt{1A','tALla{A','tflnAUfltlJlT?','rUtlJilnAUfll.lr6ttaU"ts L:FlU Sildn','lUll

nir..: u ? ''rn i r i rnfirdn o re 6lr e"[fi:.rinr:uasinr:firr rurJ:s drus rufiua:rr s 6&-do-

uafla''tnrE{iln1id'rT?sfl ?''rildseran"Lrfi rlrdu . lfiuri n''t::J;n"l?nr?arsAx?er.t,tq,qtasd1l''rFr10 [ltaaoa''rflila''r811? fl''r:11tfl''rta''t8Et"r [16CI1lfl [o8lau''rv uasil:su].lfl"rl

6t | | | v I u r 1 ctt d"ld.rsra'[u:cudrsnri:srru rl:snar:fiunarfi:adrs rlluBllJ2EuaflrilTs111rfl"r:ilo4,,di$gtn4,d

9l?2Q ! 1J1l5u€ls I ag'l.39lO tll0{A{?:1!AilnaUUAv:sU:Jfl''159:?Q t !1l4fl1.3Oo qee i o D I v1 ,e d 1t ' d Slt''r LT0JtJ?ii:lJ:?-t [9r:!n?''rltdvo?n q{Qc tTu Lo?'rt?a.]a?''tlJdso2fl3a{1|flats

$!uq4 Q c, {a v . d.irrq:aa t:lu:reaant:c6:Jncuurd.rytdg (X = 4.6, SD = o,9, Skewness

& * t to

a I e 4 o 6lr.a= -1.8) uafla''rnlln15x''r51tfl''r5n5?ainu1gtflnaniltilut?a']u']u el Yr1 LTil

u u I I dtn 21ilnu t fiSf'rlt L a''rT111Yr9r"r{ 1q


6oiu"[oufigrfilnr?fl[afluta{ tf = 3.3, sD = 1.,6, Skewness = -0.4)tlaSva'raadxlsLoednuilsfla{nr:xinr:dorsrfiunr:fnur unsnr:flarfiunr:cq

..-.- -D., S 6 - q---, u YrYt,c $ $ r. .a ot?Dt duyt?n?aun'ln L?ntil1r?'liltiluran tTq nt tl lonr{1d..:nr:drrd-x-tta:]:eil!U

aaud:1"[unr:fioRul,ardaefiln'rrouafluraitrlflrrirfinr: uasfi:Jas:r1{:,rrlirlZ_t_? I o _- 9 o { a4 - y r9}4Nq I q s:?''t?tlj2gn?:yl'191']ltfl'l[usu1T:anriluungds a.: lrr lerld:ud:ln'o ilar:il-lBnstl,tsq.i6rgtodu La [un"t?ouaflil r asg

drl5:r: r afr adi:"fi ln,uuudrfi do

50

fr a, *uo nr:'tfi id:ud :r"[unr :

v9-n'r::lt:B\t$

P ( 0.05)

&rlv^vrduana"tnuatafll?? t nf ''tuTn ?.'txdilltuf. ( 9t..t?.1{li 4) l,tlji1

q<la.o(v-

R3ftn','fldn'l:I?n'l:ilR?'llldilUUDTt''t{Aljfl!n1?f[nu,l (r = O.L2,udo.r drn{rfi:a:i r..rfiin r:f,nrr 4r in r:i::ifi{ n$n,'run,.r:l?nr:sirnd r fifiinr:9$t3a

f,nurdrni'r a'r a r fiu1:j1fi: r fifiin r:flnurds ia:rln ron ir"[unilR11.rfl,r:rrtnr:r,d<rt,tlet

d{ fl ? -'r arTljfl 1 : fl fl t1 n 1 n ? "1

a j. alfl'ltlllrdx::nuc lufl'l?aBanr r a{rtl

r--.--! & r ,' atan1 rftfllr1 R?it ul.llJ ?1nCIilo 2 a8.'t { d?u [Tq Inr :iuidil??nus -Lunr:

'llnr:ouanrta{ds tf = 3809.2, sD = sgs.3, skewness = -o.s) a"lagg-

.^{^^^. -_,-!.^^-.-^-iS_ 4 q: r r d1 , a d , vI ua{ r'1a1nnarn2aEi'l.J1lf{nul t:JuarrJ?s t n"re.: lil:cd:Jnrtdn''t: t dauiuagiorurtssy--. q 3?^r--.:t -n?y_.?- -.- o o d u s7|fltru lun''l?quaflu I a{ uofln''tnuatilaatt.t [oixA alauaynrulcur r dg:frI l:n9t$

t1t13?IUUAVn',l:fluafluto{a']nullrrd uerilra finlntrurn-r:uavdu "1 dnnnreshs t 6t udo.r"lufl'lr1{d z, i]on r o1fiuan ! rld:rufr alauarlfi r f;ufi ruulnr:souoeru r a.r al n:J?cdunr:dfl :{ ? a{ r daufi :J:s r ulr arufi asfiu ds r fitunar fi ara9gg

1-y._ d +r. ,er e9. d , 4 S I !llo?'l{n?-lilttranaBnalJ?Et Lo6titafluro{?uit (a''t7ll d:lu::aiuounils 2533?_.q dr e -d - rt Css I0''f it !u aatrfl d:r{uE?{ unsTtiTtasnrriiau[ 2533 z 270t :J:cnaufi:J

6nuruvrinr:fi'tfiir fiil:ueiruln{i:riir165rn:rrdu'[o r or"[a"|,d uav16iutJ

o e 6r t y.-_-q_i_,, <N ,e d d , &fl10s !aa1flu1.l1l8 l.tEf 'lulauas I a,'tru1li9l..r{ 31 d ( 6ler:rli 3 ) ds t nairilI f. .q qDDr qrr.tr a--,3 I d v -.1et'l.Jdit rd:rJ tTa:J?8 Larurlrcdiln''trdn'1:IdslirriEJ:i:Jnr?oBanilra{ dliinr:!ug$

e..?- q - - ! "t 4 d q e e -?lJ: d:.lT ?nue [lln 1 T gtuo gllt r a{ 6f { 48,'t \] [: nn r I t rj aila,.t :il,.t fl .r : 5il5 dll??ttussgaa

L


51

q-. - - -. q . v , , 6rtllfl1:ouaflu I a{ lil?'luTil?fl l,tlj?'lnsuuiln''t5:x5dil?:nilu hlfl"r:9luoflu r a{tSlts!-------i, , a <l a g , € 5l atqT:,r?odan?:ilrds?fi:tn''t:5nn'l il:solnsuilusl'1fl?'lrx?fldanr:l-ludin:J:sdriu

Arrdseerrdqr4rrf.(4IAsTil2OflQn??ilO1lIfl"1?lldllulrn'R''l1.lfllJflAilttAcn'l€ lduTO{il?c [Edll a''tA t iluy_f.4?, e t ? t , a d v q v "r dLll t9r?''rarlj?Elfl{?"ton?''til?uac:JTvdljn''tTiltfl8?flilnnfl?:ltfl"t:int'l [il1j''tit tdait$s..t,tal9-llae?er du nr::Jrs r iiln''r?vz a{ L:no:enr r o.r nr::Jilsu'ro? a{slaorsfixu'tel'lo m! 4 ?, rq q rv e | . (toaqtiluglu n?''ril:dnLil9tilta8 n1??"l9lfi?''|lt: uavfl''t:3''tqil5cdxn't?tld o a -t : {

"

t

I flB?flrfl4fl::ltfl"r:Tflul a{ ilr.ta lfifirles:J:v r itdl:: nilc"[ufl"riquanu r as dr:t !uI s - q d ' &qo d o o Q dr, Glrtfl?''1fl4fl:5tlfl"l?flUAflU L a$ LllTlJ?flAU 1 X.3tr !T tTUn\]n2''1il41 t ililYl9lOil [T? OilA9'tl

auacr"rLtu?Yt't{ Llu'rI?6l.trAir"tfifi:lag'lfirisuirds:firnr?ouanilrosfi6rrfiu'[u

q { d v e t"

g ,t a s

T il ? fl n a fl T : ilYr I fl Et ? fl I n 1 ? ? fl D1 I 1.1 ilil "1 fl U lln ? 1 L Otl

n ?1xA!fiu#:"n d r r f, :urjrdilnr*r

a 1 n fl r : Ant'lr.r x ?''t n r : fi nur i o e r rrff lfi uf, yr r s x ? n fi x n 1 : 5 :.r i dl: : nu"q s | 4fu o- e -ss

I-[tlnr:eruantrra{ los:a:.J arJr{il{adrfiEvrT ndfrA (r = o.zg, p ( 0.001)

!s

uac ff{ ux? ''r fl1?An}lin ar lfilfiuf fi:rn r:i:ridl::nr""[un r:oruaflil r ar "[un l:og!

' ? r{g q v .aar t . , gd.r a . dgaET.3 3 Til?9r 0EJ''t.JrJlEd"tnq1|','l{dn9t:?il9t?E Udq{?','tBtllilfl',ttrfnprdsnnr:er.5rr1r?d:J??nilv lufl''r:eruCIelurasdrfias o"tarfiu"t:J1fidrfifiinr:finrrlditfin:rlqla$gg

? q q e I qe | ,v - , vec$ €s .rteo er z r

-ta -[uz a il a ei'r it r -[o..i

r e i 6 nu d : s n'] z a ila -tel

Fl d.r il l a n r d 16 5 l fr a l o ri "t ? d'l :ll-!ugg- d tr | ( .4ed , sd< ae 3 , od<uacd'lu1?nt?8u:1.|?vdlJfl''lTtufl''r:ouogtuto{ Loof't?''l6tllIn''tTdnB''t9l''tn?"r atnil

nr:finurdr ir inl:5:ridr::nl"tin ",r"nnnu r an d{ n1", Adin'',:finersir s

g$ggs

u fi oran r : fi nrr er *r fi a su x i''r u ud in a r r fi rfi udr "r { a x fi x n r:5ridl::nusq. --t {o 9 u ,ss , d v - Jd

t ,"1

LUfl 1?OUAflil I A{ ag1{ ilil8d1 nflil'l\: dnn Ufl t UO.l A'l nn ?"1 lldllldllfinl,l:lAg [U$tg

I

?stlI9l"l (r = -O.15, P ( 0.05) | . a dcu ac fl ailn ? o8 1 { t }rflTmir ila 1il?lllr''t fl

n:r rrddla illnnit g rrir ( txrf/tg = 48 nll, rudnfrs = r5T ar)Q {9 o s Gl , . .i v e, o ! t

'illz aario-[un'rrdtilara t fieafirn:rldlfiuf,:cri''tit rl{rluasfl''t:5ridl::nrcq-&-r.<rt]lfl "1?OUAnTt a$ 1AflA ''l fllltl{ tlll ? ''l t 1.16:Jn ? ''l il dilldllfi'? 1{ AUfllJfl 1:f{flr*"laB "l il llnol

f,adrfiqzrr{dfiA ( r = -0. 34, p < o.001) filfrtf;t a'ra r fiu't:t"tddr nr:fiu:rUIn?''lltdttl,tuo'?sr?-t.ttutf uocntt;uidru::nur"[unr:ouaqura.]n*rf,rfisarda.,:


52

il'lnrfl n'l?finnr oronr:fi nrrii usrneir s arnnr:fi flpta a.l n:adulruacnils(ctrossnan, Brink & Hauser 19BZ z BZ5-BZTt d'ofinprnr:5rid:l::n[gu a.refur asl,ufi:J:E !rl'rr?luiedl o1q tz. t6 i u:rir rua"triin..''iXotudfirnr:5:ridr::nrsa a{ flu r a{ ,, duo oa nnr:finurz ar n: aduruuosnilsfinurlur rdnfl r uas r udd r sdi6ru:u r ri r fiu uns :v 6rn r :ilnpr"triuErnsi r o fiu

eD$s<lv.vlevbfl'l::lJ5n{nilR'lun''t:I:n't5lf fl 2''tildilltufi7|-'t.l 1,?nnilt't't?tllf dltt?aus$9sq_ r ds 9 v .qs r rrdtun']3qruaflura{atjlitiluEtd"tnon']{dnn (r = o.15, p < o.05) udfl.t?1axt-'zt4J v ,.r q {al v b. 5l vtxf]1t?ljt?lnun''tun''t?I?n1:oiln'lf :x?dll?:nils llln'l?olLanu t a{ dit ttil?,tff?1:Jtlgstte-.e-.(i- --1q-.- !/-.-J- ! , q? d ' - 4 u v "3 d ..tdlll.luf'Yltl1!aB tll:voll9l''l llgludo{ [n r xu?''rROn1]tfl''t?ljinr: t :JXilaagTusilaroiS9,,dvvuv.o

d?1r nEJ?A a{ n!fl''t??lJ:dx??nus lun''t:nBanil r ana$

at a n''t : anu"' n *s i, :r d I : s tl c I ? o''t fl 'r ? r f, uJ: n Ltfi n : r l fi lfi If fi :r n r : i l i$

. o S .- ,3- ^ ^_-s-.y-. lo 2, . qdr::nus luftl:oBaflu I a{ Lo8? ?x IetxR?1r|dilttilf nxn,]:iuidl::nuc -[unr:ttg

- ! d-, v o sd 61 9. S .ao I a gu I a { T lJ ?o fl o fl 7 T llo llln''l T x diluuDfl -l }tn lJ H auB o c fl 1 ? !'dun a s :J: s [g d'[g$

anrtiiludrf,gn, .rdifi (r = o.ls, p < 0.os) u6fo..rdrfifii:"gs r?a..rnria

t,, {

r fiuJ:nuru inr:i:rioil::nrc"[un'l:aBoeu r a{Til?onan?:ro,'run1::lfirirufi,r,rx

r, ei .r

g $

fiuiduuornr:'lfiunas:J:cTstrdao a1a r iu1:t1fidr?ssc r ?o''rfl'rr r fiuJ:nrir'lfiis.l tt

n'l? L:8u?gtveq.idqev:rd- uoviorurintrv'Lut:a.ln''r:xdil1,ru6'R'n,rfllJHaruasnr:"[ffunei.::J:uledd!a

${Y?3 'y rtlte . 6r e q

t O 4{a I o eto9l ugl llJ Lol,tCItu']dljt:nuv [ut]"t:ouofluta.Joluflani?il [udin:.f:carlu Ios

a d v v 6lt a ,rldon::r u rig:frlnr:5nr*r-lfr rru16ilo r ou

d{nun.lilaa{ tn?a{l|a.|

a 1, e I q d- v, e (fl ''t:2 t aT ''tsTn -ldIlJ:v d7tfi'dTdx.[tuD.uaoil.'t ? o{ a: auil,.td illj?-lulJlJ

-l- s , q srJ:c t rjtdl::nus'lunr:ouoeril r a{ uosuu!rJrs r iiln$n1unt?il;n1:drni:rfirlae,ddera-.,t6r6slil'ln?'lx sir.tila?''tlnltg.r [Tanuilvn?'rildaonfialnrg'[u"[u:sfirAs agr.r1:fiEnl

$ols^6r

n 1?u'ruulrrJ:c r iludr:rnlv'[unr :ouanu ! o{1:J"|,Aifr adr fi o da nailfi :adrod9 t . ---?-q 9 9a r1 e esu 4 u dfl fl u']Qsq a{ 6']il 15n r u'l La:uoljgt? I a? !0 uos atiign ?:ila{ nun erlno 10 r ndauC-, ! .,l,t d a d ot" o d I v r ? qilalalfloQ1nn?1il Liln{nfla{fl']?aD'l|lfll1.rlltFllt lutrgaaTnoilFt?aE1{ IJJtaf -[o


53

Josnr:ilnalu"lfi , riro fi a"lfi r fion arrdrurryriaurlrhl"lfiais fiun{rfi: odr.r

du irn r :f r urr:J:s r iuprrun rrn r :rin r :drn il ilrl:s nJ'lr ?'luirrf a n ::in r :airrsuu:rr.:'[unr:fioEu'laoa!u:rril:s riurdrnfi:r'[ua:uaa..:rirfua.r ]os:":r

2)

"lfitror t audr " firrirufislli:J:ca:rn r:nl"[u r 4 a..r"[e, "[fin r ons r uar nfi{ru r nEl

ur rfiu" uar rdlfran:rlir "nril.lqa:ru:r:t:J:s r iu"lfin:r.rnnfra,,

D o e al qeflaa'lflo !ilfl1:?as

eqo \,1 r , - o { d a & .l , u eav1) at?Qfl Lildlil"r:nn?lJnil.fi:rlarrd:r.lirdoa-u1or orn6efriaglLass. 1g,', qs q I q ? {o, q . e sl -gnd:eiig -Lunr:artuavadlrs:razovrar:lee1:irfrr ro uava?"nrdl''t rdla"[r9g

'q ' t | 3g li ,se wt. se sfl''t:afi'r''t8T"t8f, auqavtr?it u a{ n ''tt ?aEl t ua.: or nEt iasuav ardtai6a t ion r rl

q O o94 _.^.)^ y I d q o oe qtr"rr"re lilfl "r? ldu:r:rdolnrl n ?.ut'[nn.:frz ol nt:adlr garo?ir-lfr r ion arl-,:! q _9:. S q d I e I o r ve

n o -t 9l t a a a tt Lu n 1 5 9t 9l dtt L ayt u 9t t't 9l'1.3 t't113 a..: n a I n a a 8,.t { L o

urord"qdlov.{s|soflut[c?o{flniln?aE''tit7t91flB''til?aa''tnogta ilrilFfTrx{lt''tf'tf'ri''t t1.|ffd.'tsq-

3 ) n r :finur n 8o fi An*.' t au rsnairifi :odr.: dinrtalfi fi Er rr r nrffi li rnuotlqsssafNedgouqoyr,t>qq,LrnauflllllT?''llt [:{l1.l8"llJ1a:rdin d.:r]aaorno-Lunr:{r'[:Jd::Jar.oiis-Lunalq-t-- ,a v,4 s ^a g " iarlj ?Er r rJ 1T ?']ufl ilo Lllld{ alldouyt{ T il9t9lq


dl|nn 5

.llebd:il8afl 'l t ?QEBact a I 6[uauuct

o:rlaanr:iie

nr:i6en*0fi,fiun",riigr?ru::Ers,dafinu,.r ( 1) nr:iriarr?nrsQst-q$-[trnr:ouanura{ uocn'l?Silfdsnunrun''rirtin'l: (2, n?1xffilfiud:"ndrsst9

I

ilaiafit1ru 1fiuri tltrf nr:ilnur ?vErvrra''rn1?rf,rT:n nr:5::ifirRrln-.r1,1- .s <lqvvrt-o9ti.qV,4

n1?rtn''t?fliln'l?:lJ:dlJ?:nuc [unr:ouoou t a.J a a{ atil?8I:n r urn:rud{o-lririsiu4iu (3) amrr''rraa.r undaria nqilfi:adrrfiilnprrfiufirJ:efi5rnr:innrl,uittJ-33-S i .q<, r {noufl t:ntil1T?'lu !:it1,t8'llJ'la:rdin :snits tdau nin0lnr x.d.25365{qd'r rdau dsrrnr u.d. zs86 dru:r zoo ?'lB rfiannailfirodr..:ulJUrsrse{.l

,, fdo vl? r q . -- q e ea9t''tltr fl017l7tfl'lruo L? il:s I ludl::nuc lunt:ouaflu t a{ uocnr:irSdsneunrunr:uinr: Joe"lfiuulrJ:s r ildr::nus"[unr:nuoEiu r asdrrilfi:J:s r !,.rr?1u

.c .4 ,<3 s .a oi2 I tl

d'rio-lriils dtddu r "[fler5:Jt]?syl1tr ) rasurtrJ:c r iuncunrunr:rinrrdrnilI -- - I9-t--.. .i--9. S a !. S o dt { 3 . v ytel!x?Et r lj'lr 2lu xit d:'lit [oEl ?aa'l 6uq tsie r aiaslafrl dasafilloarrunr:to

n? ?adailn ?'r:.rcr:{ erlr r fian rTosfin:r 0srfi uavinr:i r n:r"do 2,m r fie.!Ios/nt9

"[figor:fir:J:"svriuoarJraarn?auil'rd d.ru::drurr:J:v riufisda.rairin.,.,urduoaqo,b65r-|,udnuetv

a arldaon 6as n rs'|,u'|,l:s6:rd.:g

aronr:iieurdr (1) ncir6:adrrdeuh{inr:ilidr::nuy"[unr:ouanu r ar {+ Jpren il:ofi nfl ?:il l fi e afi :Jnr :inrr i:cfiiln s uuud rndr:sfirncuuu$s

S q <{a I o v Q I <to. o e O"iTlt?ofl Qfl??il luu?fl lJ?ca'l ?1 unsnlaonon::lorunr:ildlilr.ronrufr :rfr duuay5rr4 +_---1 9 t .-}_- q ta 95 s I at 4Nn''lt tflura{lJtc lElf,u uacalil:tld:u [nq-linsnunrunr:uinr:irilnrrrnrr.rd

( z, 1unr:fintrrn arlfirfiud:sn dr.rfi :urj:ftu ulir n.lranuluovnrriuifil!D

q .|- v. a I a a tu. OnilR'11.1fl',]:u?fl',]:rn ?"tildll'[lufi'nrr lrnilnrtilidl::nus-[un-lrfluaflu t ait'19'sr do q u ^ssafl"r.tiluedrdfunrrddEr (r=o.zB, p<0.001 ; r=0.1s, p(0.5 Errilairfilt


55

r ud fin: rrilrfiudn"ro arfirnrrS:ridl::nuu"[unr:quanu I at adrr i{sdrfinrt, qr -

nrsafrfi (r = -0.15, P(0.05, riafirnuo"[firudd'rEr = o rurln0s = 1)

: s tr u r ? a 1 fl ''r : r f, uI: n Lri er : r r fi lfi udfi ln r : i r i dr : : nuc "[un r : eu o eru r a {r

Jos::r usrin:rrfilfiufnrsr:nfirnsrtrufl'liiriar::nuc"[unr:ouaflur a.ls - e dq v 6 v oi 6r',

t, r f .a ,

to- 9 a

Til?OnAfl:t119r','rlIfl'r?uolrldllfiR''rl.rflIaauuacn''r: lf,uTa{]J:u [821la8''r{il18d1nQ

vrrrdifi (r = 0.15, P < o.05) (3) tttlttrj:c rfiudl::nur"[unr:oltaeura{uosuux:Jrs r iueunrun"ri!;fl''r:drni:rfirJ?s r lJ'lr?111 drlr:nf rlr"lff"[uneiljlu.l

fi:adr.rfiifinrilcarril r nruddrirnuo"tfi uasarafl''r:i r n:rrdn?1r rdE {nfi.s"[fifi:r

nailfiaasir{ zo0 ?''rrJ uao..r"lfirfrudrrnia.rfiafiodar*iluin?"rildaflnfia.J3

nrs"[uds

fra t duauuc

fiiiailfra r duouurd"lfiarnnr:fin*'''u*of, firfis.

- rquq1. fl 'lun1Tiloilsrfl 'l7Ta'lr1a$ e {e C & , } t ,. Gr r.{ v en{ u il fl -l ? rl fl tr''t n ? { ila s u r ? -1

GJ il ? g d ?u [T fuln -l : 5 x r nilR't fl fl I ig J !U9

:rin r :1ufi rldun" in r : triar::nus"[un r rnuaor r as dsrQs

unn1nilofl"r??a8{- --L -?-- - -o-. - -9 d v r <Jr r '. , .dvo

t:a.3uTa.3zailauCIsn1uils1l''t tf'tEt?flIfl'l:ouanilta{ uu?''t ilutJ?8d?uuaElyt Losltt|.v a o o q a ( o , &,:In2''ltliuosn"lUllslll Lufl''lSOuAflutAna''1fl1,18MA a{ t:lUaAil{d?''tl^tEt'nJ''tOt|g_t_ _o__!11_ S d r, oiq ', sre .vuTsa1ffailfl tau'lc !:nn?t tl.mljytlj"tltTll"tyt [ild?ll?a{fl''t: LTn''ttdlr:Jduu uoc

D-- ,^?-l-- I - & & | e r r. q rd e ee 'l

n ?1il?uflaru?E t l,llm''tn?1 1afla''tfllrTu?'l atil?€td?u [Truiln'l:ilJ:tiinilR.l1,tfl.'t:s$l,rg.l

-:---q g -lr-- , e q q--d-, .! 3 {. c q, d tz,:llnlT tllI:oiln''lTlJd?u?2nglodil ta!rig2ntn'l:ouanilra{st']yldo vrr-tnrnu-Lhtt .l

_r t q st sl t .a 5l tt t .i r. I q A?''rn1?il?fl 'l: tilnaun r lJ1T 2'lun 2:xn1?d\t I d?il tnarilegld?il:?ilfio iar:rur!

g?-S-.q- { - 3 .e v ,. quacalodu !a I flE?fllfl'l:oruanilr asrln?u trava''tnfl1?rlflu'lfr"tsilidl::nuv-[u

g

fl ''r : q u a nu r o{ "[Tr I En r ier u :t { r n c uuufl 1 r i x;dr : : nus "lufl "r : ort aqil r a n r il :elg!t$

a-.--...--^--C-.--y,.--,!a { .e I r q q qs I o vnafl??lt I flE ?nrfl ''t??flI''t Lt?gnra vuilugl'1fl?'1fiil2fltiafl:5x-Llldanil5s a r iuuact e - - -ao, v e V<i qr, | | S .4 4 4 c, , &Til?qfl4fl::lt9l"tllfl"t?ildill.tllfi'R''tun:latauuasfl.'t5 [dlLTa{:J:s tadli dr r:luralt{d

: rn::inr:"[fifr ala uasr 1uil?yr''t{"[unr:n:" firdilT?nus"[un r:ouanu r a.].d^-:---- d ]* ,'r d g q s

l:a{ flan::il I t'tE|?flljn-t::fltf 1untJil?E t l^ttJil1n?il


56

z. firunr:iiez.t nrriienisfi urdr rud nr:dnrr nr:irifirflnrR,rlrnrigt .l

q d v. e 4v v 2r -linr:iln:r lfflfiuffiunr:iuidr::nus"lun']:eruoeru r a{ adr..r fiiludr fiqvrrs dfifi

usid ra rrrffrfiuda:i"[u:s6udr isrirac{rnr :finnrn : rrfirfiud:cn drr iloiei- - { , -t-"- = o D , 6r d sl,ru!1ilau 1 I /u a'ld1,tflxn1tix:dil?5nlc lunrtouanil r a{ I ilJ I dil

z. z n ::finrrn :r lfi lfi uf uac drur a"[un r :i rurs:sn d r { :c6iln r r i li ar : : au""[un'l : ou a fl tl r a r fi r ao n r : n :r n rf : n lu fi rJ : tl r rJ..r r : r udio.r ,ol ot -o

!., i I

!lnt{ audauq

z. g "Lunr:ilnurnr:irifiranrnrrn'r:!inr:n*sEral:J n::inr:9rt

finur t ?l qunru r deafirtn a'riln'ror i.r eiatlinr:a ar firlrsd alfi:a osrir"lfin: ru'l||

uurfi oa ar fi rl:e"tfi finfro uac asf rlfir: r rfir uu:rr r"|'un r:fiorur n r :"[fi uinr:i, &[otl'ln3u

)2-3. o'llln1til:t 1?n1:'!tg'lll'la

n ::in r:fi6ru1 ?srrls 1ul,rs'l il'r n"[un iin r au r rI: n Iosuar uraff ??

iunt rvr"[un r:"[fi a :r riuas i rurcir uri fi rl:e on aoaudfi r auu"[fi fi r] :sdr r r:nauonr r ar16

4. 6rnnrrilnu'lts'l1r'ran r : darfi nfi nnr us r r'r

^fi o : s 6 :J fi $fi fl fi nnr u a

" : v fi ldiqq r eri

| , 61r, dn2:nn r rrr !r r nra:rrdrfiqa a{ fl ''r?Ruofi :J:s Toed rfi.r fir iloiafiu1ru? oir fi:}:sueiac : r s sra aoau"[fi n a rrdr firufi ln r :5:riz a{ fi il :s


l|tTB',lUR:ll.l

r na?tn{ eiai r . nr:oruafiu u as uosn?lilarranlufirlaaTanrlaoaofiu r {af r .rllrr9

insriuufilirgqrinerdrafnrrrrfiufio drarilerilrndrdst{. fiBficlqgaVs?n8'laE ilI'l?ng1agilTnn, 25?4.

narffs fiaila. ' nrtouoinpr rfir"lunu"lfr lil1r?'ril. tf

g as drrnr t !1T?'luuri.r rj:s, r ndlns. 17 (l||qrn1nil:rtdt: r rrt:tu28281 z 6 t2.

^aa?fl'l T{ltgl?Efln.tt

n arrfilfiudrsn drs fl aie:Jrr il:s n'15 urs dfi uduunr r fi s one.5l6l ,rosa-\'.fl ua ?1 il6'lr|'l ?n. Lilfll:ouanu I a{ tuaril?gn ?1ilou latn6t.t 1ilil: rljdr I n n .'9t!ltg9as/rssoa. I?1t €t'lill,tu!'il :ryq'l ?yttt r rf r dq: ilR r nunn dt r rr g r I r od r dni .e'A { e € a

,lll$nfi?Yt8'lag ilT1??tglagilTna, 2532. c,

9-a9Sr€Gleo?irflila aaSaud?3[. n1?6np'lR"t?sfl1?n?ilail[5n n21tJ??ililatun,l?fnt'l.l .r

s-- d ry , d o 6r t't?n n?1iltdaolildfln1uuasn?'llt tdaaruro llrgtll-uaflnu orudgnril9t-_-?_f . yrC s ,a d q . er? a { 0.t lJ ? Fl I x'l T ?'l u guo I tJ1{.3 auf, nlln x 1 ? lJ lJ T fl 'l ? a 1 fl |l af il fl at il ? Eil a n .it9tt

ineriuufrtiqqT insrdrd$:mrfinrfin d1?'ll,tEt1rlra6rdn{. fi$ficlquavq?Ytg'lng l|n1?Ytg'lo€ttTCIa , 2527.

:Ja..rird Juirr:r. n'r?sfl:ua:rT:nuacilaiedrfiuarJc:rnsian:r:n:rarI:n3.1

rrt .q d q .s o s a <? a { Al il ? S I u 1T ? 1 Ugtl0l,l il AUdOU Lil t: { 1,1 El'l lJ'l A ? 1 l| 1 6'lJ O .gq

q,qa(2ng1llltu8',

qaqo:r0r?o?Y|s1aginerr{rdnrill rfiorfisl drarugruradrd0{

a9silT1?YfEf 1OSiltOA , 2529.

vAll-luduni rfld:nfirs. o n.t"r.ofirn1afi?ssrur a{ rdarl.rcna!fl'l?int,l " ff

?1r6t'lrtll,ta?'lusa{d!'lnllrn rrln?'lutrri.rrj:c tndlne . LT ( til-rrsu 252812 84 - 61.

..{;'


4.Er?o9

58

. d eu s ( ?, d - s o

4ldT llnunlrolr 1. ?ngrl.]n'l?TEMa. uilua?{n 4. Ln:{fl1:911:''lq.f/<qdsv

n''r n a d''r 1,,t g "r lJ''r a d'l d n i n ils u 1*til g d r d n i [:.: rd g r :J r a51il1dx9i rrliltl"tag

lJTOO, 2534

S 4a l, 4l- e r<{ ..1 , lq: 1lt'16'1JO : A alto?11{ n ailnuas ainfl "r :: flu'l I lJ?811 t Yr8il:sT ?''r\t nnufl

ilC4{qs-qd

a''r8:f{''rdgtauasn6iIfl ra1,.|''rs Iintil''rT2'1il. " :1lr''rf'lJor2dd'l:. 10

( lltu']8u 253O) : 183 189

. "fi:l:er!,rr:rudied.riuair"lul?{ua'lu.lo:rlrBrd : frarnrrls9tttqnaufluascJan']?;nr']. ' :rlti:rdr:ddr:. 11 (rnrlnil 2531) :

5 - 12.

vl.v(u-vtr:r?a fiunnnioul. n: rlfrlilurilsr i'l{ f,a6al r.::J:c n r:uas n"t?ouaeu L air9s

aalfi:J:sT:n l!:lr?''tu. inariuud:Jtrurura:d1dgt:xrrilsrfin inrfislil "- 9

irsrfis lflla.:n:nllnrinsrfis, zsz4..l

{ o, ,{ s .l lqv ! f daau g fl: r{us?{uauil?na{ Titlf??flil. Ej7tfi'ft'ldgt: rua$ua{anruour a_!:_

aldfinnrularredro.r?$d? n$sfi..rnldrdq{ua"runddrdfl{ :.lrriilB'l:qttaailTgto , 2533.

fitErTefis. n''r:Anrl Aoo1iln ?'1il; r *asI:nuacrr ?v n1:n ?iln ilJ?n

z a..: fi :J :s r 1r r r ? "r u fi "[n{fi n : ln uTm iu"t66r 6 r o r n"td 5 n n r : a au; a s fi o

o "r:,rd?E r nfiaadr I i:"1:r'. insriuudrliEqr ina ''rd ''rdflrilr rfieuficl

dra rugrrrad ran{. ne[vul,tnsdrdEr{Tr{ us'l1l ''ra: rlrildrnrinarfieilfina , zszs-

6ilay Sdnsuriuo""oudu .. " fi:J:e r mn:rudio"trfis iuailhl:ruerura

?aa'l

ioor fiuer]afie uacafifiE ard. "uraara:drdsr{, nfir zsa.

fl'lr. nrnidrusr:rrdrdndrrrirerSarfioa, zsg4-

nr:ouafi:J?srrJ'rrr''ru. " "[unr:Tsr-

reir 4. dliq nuraiqno, ut?il'l;-n$c ultrsrt r aEr{I:I ug''t tL 1 a:''t l r i:rd


59

-.rl sflTAO:',r lllll'tn.t J:nu!1l?'luuovnr:in.ur. ucir 1.

qeCnl\t tYll.l 3 Ul|flP.l

aafl'131d1t1 , 2826.

rtuos aulna. {fiafirl:erl:nrrrnrru. n?{ r?u : T:sfirrirdes rdao, zszg.t !1, tl- o- 9

drio ?i?Budir . "I:fl'r ylr?'ruuasr6nnr:iflD'r. " Xr rifiarj:cna!n1:"[fitSl,deaal

n?1il? L?a r1|'lT?'Iil. T1l'r 9-10. ?r:gll u0'g.nluiluasn$s,r.{''aa

lJf 5lU'1fi'n1?. nf{ tYlil ! L:a[Un?n1Tillll,l' 2533..l

drisl TU I A?flfln. n',l?Ot!9 o.t

-9t-

t a{ : drdEr{uasfradsnrsnr c -'. n''rn?tr'l

rs1 :J1ad 1dn{ n$suilnerd r do{I:sus'liltarttr ild iln r irre rdalfi oo,

2536.

{;6 iuntlrrd. n'rril:rundnqufin?'rrdlm:nnur a{ (setf ef f icacyrheory I lr"[ff"[u{'lildafinrr "lr,gq$lrr*1l'dildou.rfi aL ufl",

10s-110. nr:il:sdrfirurnr:dsfinprudr;;A.g.d * Io*rnidrdsfrriuruavuqfint:rdrdn{ nusa[rn'r:rl{adrdor{tnrinerdellfioo )

2534

Arnstrong, N. * Coping .with

clinics of Anerica. 22

Diabetes Mellitus. ' Nursin€(March 198?) : 559 568.

Backscheider, J.E. I' self - care requirenent, self-care '

capabilities and nursing systens in the Diabetic nursenanagenent clinic. " Anerican Journal of PhysigalMedicine. 64 (Decenber 1974, : 1138-1146.

Bandura, A. Sosial learninE theory.Prentice - Hall, t977 a.

Englewood cliffs Nj g


60

; " self-efficacy : toward a unifying theory ofbehavior change. " Psychological review. 84

(January 19?7 b. ) : 191 - 2I5.

Bandura, A. & Adans, N.E. " Analysis of self-efficacy theory.of' behavior change. " Cognitive therapy and

research. 1 (April L977) z 287 309.

Beare, P.G. & Myers, J.L. Principles and practice. of Adult. health nursing. st. Louis : The C. V. Mosby conpany,

1990.

Blevins, D. & Cassneyer, V. " The patient with DiabetesnelIitus. " fn Medical p.919,936Edited by Longn B.C. & Phipps, If,J. St. Louis : The C.

V. Mosby conpany , 1989.

Bloongarden, T.Z, et al. " Randonized , Controlled trial ofdiabetic patient education : fnproved knowledge

without inproved netabolic status. " Diabetes care.10 (lrtay - June 1987) : 269 ZTZ.

Cahill, Cl.F., Etzwiler, D.D, & Freinkel, N. " Control and

diabetes. " New England Journal of lrtedicine.29 (April 1976) : 1004-100S.

Crabtree, M.K. " Perfornance of Diabet,ic self - Care

Predicted by self effisacy." Diabetes. 96 (198?

Sup. 1) z 32 A.

2


I

61

Diabetes Care ': A ProblenDaly, H., Clarke, P. & Field, J.solving Aoproach. London : Ileinenann ProfessionalPublishinti, 1988

Defronzo, R.A:, Bonadonna, R.C.. ^& Ferrannini, E. "PaLhogenesis

of NIDDI! : A balanced overview. " Diabetes care. 15

-

(lIarch 1992): 318 - 368.

Dilorio, C., Faherty, B. & Manteuffel,and Testtng.of an fnstrunent toin Individuals with Epilepsy.NursinA. 24 (February 1992) :

Ellenberg, l{. & Rlfkin, H. Diabetes

E, " The Developnent

Measure self - Efficacy" Journal of Neuroscience

9 13.

Mellitus : tbeory and.Practice. S-d edition. New York : ltedical exaninationpublishing Conpany, 1983.

Etzwiler, P.D.

educationfanil ies. *

& Robb, J.B. " Evaluation of progranned.

anong juvinile diabetlcs and theirDiabetes. 21 (Septenber 1972,1 .:, 98? - 9TI.

Grossnan, H.Y., Brink, S. & Hauser, S. oGender Differences inthg Relati'onship between self eff icacy Beliefs &

Metabolic Control in adolescents with IDDM. " Diabetes.32 (January - June 1983) Supp. 1 2 : 149 A.

" self - efficacy inwith insulin - dependent

care. 1O (Marcb tg87) :

adolescent Eiirls and. boys

diabetes nellitus. " Diabetes924 - 329.


62

Hurley, A.C. "l,Ieasuring Self care Ability in patients withDiabetes : The Insulin Managenent Diabetes SelfEfficacy Scale. " fn Measurenent of Nursing outcone.pp.28 44 Edited by strickland, O.L. & I{altz, C.F.Vol. 4. New York : Springer Publishing Conpany, 1990.

Ignataviciusr.D.D. & Bayne, I't.V. Medical Surgical Nursing 3

A nursi,ng process approach. Philadelplia : W.B.

Saudners conpanay , 1991.

Jirovec, M.l{. & Kasno, J. " self care Agiency as a Functionof Patient - Environnental Factors anong Nursing Hone

Resident. " Research in Nursing & Health. 13 ( 1990 ) :

303 309.

Kingery, P.l{. & Glasgow R.E. " self-eff icacy and

Expectations in the self RegulationInsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.Education. 20 (Decenber 1989) : 13 - 19.

Lawrance, L. & Mcleroy, K.R. " self efficacy and Health56 (OctoberEducation. " Journal. of School Health.

1986) :377 321-.

tevin, M,E. "The diabetic foot : pathophysiology, evaluationand treatnent." In The .Diabetic Foot. p. 42 Edited byLevin, !I.E. & OtNeal, L.Y. St. Louis : The C.V. Mosby

Conpany , 1988.

outcone

of Non

" Health


63

Littlefield, c.H., €t al. "Relationship of self efficacyand Bingeing to Ad,herence to Diabetes Reginen Anong

Adolescents." Diabetes care. 15 (January L992):90 -94.

Mallk, R.L., et al. "Adjustnent of caloric intake based on

self - nonitoring in noninsulin - dependent diabetesnellitus : Developnent and feasibility. " Journal ofthe Anerisan Dietetic Association. 89 (July 1989)

:96O - 961.

Marb1e, A., etedition.

al. Joslints Diabetes Mellitus. L2"^

Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger, 1985.

Matteson, !I.A. & llcConceots and

Connell, E.S. GlerontoloAical Nursing :

pract,ice. Philadelphia 3 lf.B. Sauders

conpany,1988.

l{oore, E. J. ' Using self - efficacy in teaching self - GBre

to the ederly. ' Holistic NursinE Practices. 4

(February. 1990) ! 22 - 29.

Oren, D. Ndrsing : conceots of Practice. st. Louis : Mosby

year book , 1991.

Nursing : conceots of Practice. New York : Mc Ciraw

Hill book , 1985

Paternostro - Bayles, M., of al. " Effect of Life - styleActivity of Varying Duration on Glycenic Control inTypeII Diabetic Ifonen. o Diabetes care. 12 (January

1989) 3 34 - 37.


64

Pickgp, J.c..& villians, Gt. Text hook of Diabetes. vol. 1 & z.London : glackwbll scientific publications, 1991. '

Rifkin, H. 8a Porte,practice. 4oh

Rost, K.l{., Btcontrol(Novenber

D. Diabetes llellitus : Theory and

edition. New York': Elsevier, 1990.

al. o Self - care Predictors. of Fletabolicin NIDDI-i Patients. 'Diabetes care. 19

1990):1111-1113.

Rubin, R-R., Peyrot,education on

lt. & Soudek, g.D. t' Effect of. Diabetesself - Gare, netabolic eontrol, and

enotional well - being." Diabetes care . 12 (october

. 1989) : 6Z9 629.

Siperstein, M, D., et al.diabetic vascularMedicine. 296 G{ay

Siritarungsri, B. " The

Model in DiabeticDiabetes Mel.litus.

' Control of blood glucose and

disease, " New England Journalt977| : 1060 IOGZ.

Application of Oren's Self carepatients. " In Epideniology of

c,

pp. ZgL - 234 Edited by Vannasaeng,S., Nitiyanant, If. & Chandraprasert, S. Bangkok :Crystal House Press, 1986.

snith, D. " out patient care of the diabetic. " Journal of_-clerontological Nursing. 9 (August 19BB) z 4zz - 42?.


Strecher, V. J.,achievingquarter ly.

et al. " The role of selfhealth behavior change. "13 (January 1986 ) 3 73

65

efficacy inHealth education92.

Anerican Journal

1550.

Stuart, S. "Day to Day

of Nursing. 7L

Living with Diabetes. "(August l97L) z 1548

The national diabetes data groups. Diabetes. 28 (July 1979)

: 1O39 1.057.

Vannasaen$, S. o Viriyavejakul, A. & Poungvarin, N. tr

of diabetes nellitus in Urban connunity of' J. Med. Ass. Thailand. 69 (March 1986) :

Prevalence

Thai land.131 138.

I{ikblad, K.F. "Pateint perspectives of diabetes care and

education." Journal of Advanced Nursin-E. 16 (1991) :8gT-A44.


n.lnaru?fl R.

umdamuiaradanrnna$9

drq4. Ytoflilaalru

sl fioeilfinp"leauilalEl

G I :hsnrdfisilsnriaaurjinnur

zt rjinnurEri

,ilf,uoo fl ?B1ea:Julrdomrl u ndsefirfi :rirufars:s nailfi om a:rfi :fr a nta r sr'il

. franrrrrase[udas:rs

1. r1{rl 1) d1s

2. CI"tg.........fl

3. dnrunrudt:d rl Jdo D q!

et nfirg nrir uan

s. arfi.r

u i:r:rdnr:uiXidrufiazl 5tL6r.l

I3) a']?lEl

at orufiru{ lr5) oil q [:J?g:c:J-q

6. :cfiunr:fimn

u 'tri"lfirisurilrdo

zl il:snlfirwrnaufirugl il:snilfirn*1nar:lo1g

+t fio'alfirwreaufiru

r. {ru:uffifinur"luT:trisu

2) Ttx.3

1) n:{rYtl.te D dun Jrj"rrvlj......3q

8l d.rndr:J?qryrori


67

8. rcasr?o'lnltrfiuTrolrnr?'lu <firusinr'',r.raufriilaaiul il:smil...... i

s) nn z-rz rdou

el lrnnir r i"i s,

7, ollq [lj:Otsll'q

rl fiontimr Jn:fiarl uoyrandr:crrs 'l

4i s.8) o1l "r LUTq:v:J.q

9. irurn::ofiniinr:nn:ruriaarfiss't:1) nn z-+ &la'#q

<{2' \n 1-2 loailq

{3) nn 3-4 tnauj

{4) Ytn 5-6 roauI

t0 . druucfrnianerri r fis:fiilI:n r illr?luuasfll?quanu r ar d:u"hri1furn1n:

tEror"lfirrnnir r fror

u uund

z ) 1fs11r'la:J:vdrnfifin raur"J:n

s o d. o '3) ta']xu']xil?sa']Toit tltlT?11

vS4) iln tn/]r']n']:

<i tr s5) ruauaril?g Lsnr]J1T?t1rru

sdg 4i6) 0']9r uila.t uastl,lou c1


n-|nEil?fl fl.

uurhg r iudmtnrlunrtzuafl u t a\r

dnilinhe r mn e rurtqtidr &rodu

tlfieriuj:wnu)

,irf,uar

u:r:r:J:cuiuafi:rfi:J:"no16:afrorirnrl 44 ta usra"franrrfi.:nerl

dr l r: n1ufl 1?fluaqil r ar fi6 r r fiudrv 5':rfi:l::J r :r'rr ?1n n a"lfirirufiar:rurfratu ll| , v qe .! q q , t d o

n?''lllUnAY?O UA? [TFlvttUlln?''llltlil !A [19?"tild'lll1?n?A\]7l11l7lQvnls7]1fl"|1

ouaerr r a{ "[uusro" fr a"l,fi dr r 5a

n:rlifinz orrirurrnfido

t . fiudur :niuhsvnua rn r :1fi "[6:Jil rrufi r n r r c dlfi m : rrfi at nrrz a.r d rs n re

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 B0 90 100

'tlinrlo u aer

Jq " ddlru taa81{ Lqlm

z . fiudrl r:ns o5:t:J:cyr.rua.rr "r ?a:ri:r"lfiq

0102o304a5060

"lilinr'[aros Jer , ddlru LQafl''r{ tqtm

v-vl'<l<gbv.It4. Aud',]il"r?n til tYrE?T?A r U "ldnnilril

fl11011 ct

Jqs:s r'rail"axfi ? r az dudorr n: r lfiu"[adn:r fi:r

rril trkrurfiss srufisd::d"tfirnfiau


€l9| r , I L q 4 |

fl a tT7l']ua']uu an ?'] iluglas 3 a ua ?ua 1 flu'] a lnilTs dufl 'lflua o{ yt 1u2'1

fr an :rlueiaufr a r fluoi.lrrnilae r fiet"[o ufi ::.r nar: arfi a r oadn:sfi ln :rrifinz asylrurnfi dn ronr:naruur:J:s r inrairfi a", fi ut, fiuo.'l liuasa"triarasra

9uurrr6f

fl 'r:?ljfl "r:9t??n5mf']u a{Y|"t]lltnaal{ to

n,lflgil?fl ff

uilnj:c r inrfflnrrnr:rinr:drnilfirhe r !-rr?'m

irf,uul, durfi un'r"oarnrunl:s r inr

HA:{t

ra8

at.Ju

lJ''l.ln?.J

a:.1lJ''t{Y' q Iuila:.llJ1it

1d0t fnr

q4a:{ rur

dauln{

x?s ,nflnt{3

v v|ua1. A1l L9r?ln?',lilds0?flb

a''ttuanrnnt ?Qllfffi t!q,JYtlJ-l

1 2 3 4 5

2.

D 9 dr OL7. te']fl1't7t9t.trt n ltuanrnq] q

qT ?a tTU?fl ''tTuflaua8']{4

:?9[52


RInAU?n {.

-'-3..- -s--z- ?r^- .-4^-r-=--lg--{- ?r q ', , qen 1f,ua{ 6[''tT?ltBJil?8 r uailnflrdnn.z al ailag-[unrr I i 1d?x*] ruiie

-B

" d:ddris 6iu Snurn:nl Biiord7su: u{rf,nfine,'nrs,rx..ro:JiqqrTnncuv urlnsd r dEr j 1:r us r :r r o: r rr i:rd au"lafi ac fi fl rrr n : r rfi nz ar ri ruEi a6fl u$s:.rin r:fi'lfi5:ra r nn fifinl:e r :r "rr ?"m uac n ? 1il r dulu r fis:firn:rrdrrr:na as!.--!, d o :____ { do 19l??'luytQsfl:syt''tflQn:?il tuanl?quanu t asfiar I ilus d..r n r : fi nr*.' fi u ", o, fi uuuan rs"[unr:dr r diln : r ldrlr:n1un r:oruanr r ai ? o.J fi :] :fl :?tJni fl''t:rv I s "ro.f& .loU:lJlJ?{lJ:fl'I: LTOU 1r LO

.Ngllll.STtlO 3 t9'l

q

esaqso { ilua { [a : z a n : r l i : I fi a"[u n r : q a !u :t I d a I n r ld'.:

n r:fioRu"[a"[un r r"[fin:r ud.ufiur t., fi r fiuivria a{ aru fl-r?qax;:trtars . 6l

u0 t or rufl''t:qauutldalnrraa\:nruocldfiBasianr:5n*,',ruiu,'r^finnr'lfriu uocA'''

"uofi 't6Sla r nulldaln r riao fi

"d. r filn a r rfi :r uac{r il r"[3 r *".rn,'r :ifnur

.9 4 In5.:f,rririlu 'r


\%\

k#,Wn,)a8JU?fl a-

bq?'l8u'1ilfln?{flE?0-99t

? I sill il fi nr{ gil?fi"[iln.] ?fl : ?ada! n ?,1 rer:ir ? a{ r n d ar $a

drdnrrar:d u.u. narffs fiai'lonrnidr are:drdEr{ nilsurnedron{I:r us''rr1n: rr r iud rn r insrfiElfi qn

uundnQr druzr r aisErrl

fi anfl r alrea'rErrfl r?rJ f:{ usr:Jra: rrifi

:asdrdnrrar:d or.dilisr nuraiqnoTn:..r nr:ilrufiErfinrr nrnidrreruro d-tdst4

rnriyrarfisrfioanruc urn sd r aor {J:r rurilra:rur;G

:a.:drde:rar:d il:gnos iunrclilfin rn idrus r ilr arl rdo{ nruc uilnsdr aq{1:.r l.rEr Mar'r n r 8:rd iln r iner fi slfi oa

:as drdn:rar:do:dnrnidrils r:rr adrdEr{

duncSel

n ru c ur,ril s d r rq {1:.r r.r a'l il r a : r l r i l d rn r il s r fi sr,fi o o

ftE

F

I

'Cata''lA1?El 1.1?7l1.lE ll"tO''tD'??lt

nrnidrr^rsr!radrdq{ nruruunaRrrfl{I:{r.rEr''rlJ''ro:rlriud rnrinarfierfieo

'v,u'l{Rntil5 nauna{9ruarufler??e{:l:uuan a.ls?nr:il T:suerrra:raifi

vl(.ofu'titd''t?uflaun? ?ir6duu-fl{tr 9

ttatunalElsn:irl nrnidrusruradrdst{I

1enus uunsrf r dntl:t uE -t

tJ -l a?.1 r r ild

3?110Copyright by Mahidol University

mulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.thmulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.th/e-thesis/scan/9745877921.pdf · 2 flr?ouoeru r...

Documents