2 d and 3 d materials

8/12/2019 2 D and 3 D Materials

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2D shapes are visual material that produced on the flatsurface such as fabric, paper or glass. It has width andlength.The 2D materials can be display by using blackboard, whiteboard, multi purpose board, magnetic board andflip charts.


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3D materials refer to materials that have a similarshape and real substance. It has length, width, andheight.

3D materials can give concrete experience andstimulate pupils creativity.


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1) Graphics2) Photographs

3) Charts4) Graphs5) Posters6) Flash cards


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Graphic is the sketch of idea presented in the form of visual communication.It is painted in black and white or colourful bycombining graphical elements.

Graphics which give a clear situation or accurateconcept will help to achieve the teaching and learningobjectives.


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Photographs whether in black and white or colour is thereal picture captured by the camera on photo paper or film.It show the real situation and able to explain the abstractconcepts clearly.

Therefore, the use of photographs can be adapted to allteaching levels, from induction set to closing. A variety of photographs can be used such as view, job,daily activity, history of science and hobby.


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Chart represent a visual that shows what happenedin a period of time. It usually have a main characterinvolves an overview of the process flow or change ofsomething. It gives a summary of the key concepts with information as support. Among the type of chart are organizational chart,classification chart, time chart, chart tables, flow

charts and graphs.


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Organization chart


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Classification chart

Time chart


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Chart table


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Flow chart

Bar graph


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Pictograph

Pie chart


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Line graph


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Poster is a painting or print that incorporates the useof the line, letters and colours in a visual presentationthat displays one or more specific message.Poster has a dynamic design and colour to attractattention and is able to convey the messagespontaneously. It is often used as a charm to an eventor events that will held.


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Flash card is a card with brief information.It is very suitable for pre-school children.


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PuppetsModel

RealiaSpecimenDioramaMobileMask AquariumTerrarium


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Model could be made from clay, plasticine, rubber,plaster, wood box or intended to describe real orabstract objects. It common used to : Reduce large objects, or enlarge small objects. Shows the internal structure of an object or system. Demonstrate movement.


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Scale model refers to materials that are built in thesame size, larger or in a smaller size based on the scaleexpansion or downsizing certain.It can be held and observed easily.


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The modified model of the real shape to showmovement or course work in the original form. Itusually made larger than its original condition and nospecific magnification scale but still can show the realoriginal condition.


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Realia refers to the actual material. Students can see,touch,feel and hear the relia material. This provides areal experience and meaningful to students.


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Clearly explain abstract concepts to ideas.Readily available and easily produced.Requires no special equipment except it is too small.

Can be adapted to all levels of teaching from inductionset to closure. Able to show about things or new conditions for pupils with clear and accurate.


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Sometimes it is too small to be seen well by thestudents in a large classroom.Can not show the true nature of a situation or object.

Stiff, no movement. Thus, perhaps the concept ofmaterial fact can not be shown fully to the pupil.Sometimes do not have colour, then the validity of theassertion can not be proved


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1. Properly constructed concept because students can see the realthing.2. Learning will become more perfect because students can studythe use of real materials.3. Students are able to understand the nature, structure andmovement of an object better.4. Provide experience of the real situation of a material orsubstance it.5. Encouraging pupils to make further studies about an event orproducts.6. Provide more opportunities for students to interact with eachother.7. Arouse the curiosity that will lead to the concept learningthrough research.

2 d and 3 d materials

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