Study Guide – Period 1 – 1491-1700

Part 1 – Key Terms to Know – Make Flashcards / Mind Maps of the Following Terms

1. Maize2. Sedentary vs. Nomadic Lifestyle3. Pueblo Indians4. Aztecs5. Buffalo6. Agriculture7. Hunting and Gathering8. Algonquin Tribes9. Iroquois Tribe10. Horses11. Great Plains12. Atlantic Coast13. Southwest & Modern Day CA14. Northwest15. Columbian Exchange16. Western Hemisphere17. New World18. Old World19. Gold, God, Glory

20. Feudalism21. Capitalism22. Potatoes23. Population Explosion24. Sugar25. Tobacco (Cash Crop)26. Diseases & Lack of Immunity

(Smallpox)27. Cattle (Rancheros)28. Sexton29. Joint-Stock Companies30. East-India Company31. Enconmienda System32. Chattel Slavery (Portugeues)33. Autonomy34. Guns, Steel, Horses35. Pueblo Revolt (Pope’s Rebellion)36. Juan de Sepulveda 37. Bartolome de las Casas

1. As Native Americans migrated and settled across the North America they developed distinct and complex society by adapting and transforming their environments.

A. Explain Native American society in present-day Mexico and the American Southwest adapted to their environment?

B. Briefly explain how Native Americans in the Great Basin or Western Great Plains adapted to their environment?

C. Briefly explain how Native Americans in the Mississippi River Valley & Atlantic Coast adapted to their environment?

D. Briefly explain how Native Americans in the Northwest and present-day California adapted to their environments?

2. European Expansion into the Western Hemisphere generated intense social, religious, political, and economic competition within European Societies.

A. Briefly identify and explain 3 reasons European tried to explore and conquer the New World.

B. Explain how the world changed after the arrival of Columbus in 1492. In your response, explain the effect of his arrival on Native American and European societies.

C. Briefly explain how improvements in maritime technology and join-stock companies helped drive change in Europe and the Americas.

3. The Columbian Exchange and the development of the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere resulted in extensive demographic, economic and social changes.

A. Briefly explain the motivations for Spanish exploration in the New World and the effects of their conquest in the Americas?

B. How did the Spanish take advantage of Native American labor in the New World?C. How did European traders work with West African groups in extracting slave labor?D. How did the Spanish incorporate and define status in European and Native American

society?

4. Europeans and Native Americans had different views of religion, gender roles, land use and power.

A. Briefly explain what and why Europeans traded with Native Americans?B. How did Native Americans react to European encroachment?C. Briefly explain one position that justifies European, in particularly, Spanish colonization

in the New World?D. Brief explain one position that does NOT justify European, in particularly, Spanish

colonization in the New World.

Practice Multiple Choice

Source: From Bartolome de Las Casas, History of the Indies, 1528

The Indians [of Hispaniola] were totally deprived of their freedom and were put in the harshest, fiercest, most horrible servitude and captivity which no one who has not seen it can understand. Even beasts enjoy more freedom when they are allowed to graze in the fields. But our Spaniards gave no such opportunity to Indians and truly considered them perpetual slaves, since the Indians had not the free will to dispose of their persons but instead were disposed of according to Spanish greed and cruelty, not as men in captivity but as beasts tied to a rope to prevent free movement. When they were allowed to go home, they often found it deserted and had no other recourse than to go out into the woods to find food and to die. When they fell ill, which was very frequently because they are a delicate people unaccustomed to such work, the Spaniards did not believe them and pitilessly called them lazy dogs and kicked and beat them; and when illness was apparent they sent them home as useless

1. What is the author’s point of view regarding European colonization?(A)He supports European colonization because of the potential economic

opportunities (B) He condemns European colonization because it devastated Native American life(C) He glorifies European colonization for bringing Christianity to the Natives(D)He blames European colonization for excessive military spending

2. The ideas expressed in the excerpt best characterize which of the following periods in United States history?

(A)The Scientific Revolution(B) The Enlightenment (C) The Age of Exploration(D)The Great Awakening

3. The excerpt was most likely a reaction to which of the following effects of the Colombian Exchange?

(A)Lower class Europeans were benefiting from New World food stuffs(B) Military bases were established to provide additional protection for European

settlers(C) Encomiendas were characterized by mismanagement and excessive brutality(D)The gospel of the Catholic church was spreading throughout the New World

4. What change over time occurred as an effect of the matter presented in the excerpt?(A)The increased reliance on African slave labor(B) The heightened influence of Catholic ideology in the New World(C) The expanded use of joint stock companies to fund foreign exploration(D)The growth of free trade between European nations

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