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On-demand Learning Series

Software Engineering of Web Application

- Object-Oriented Development & UML

Hunan University, Software School

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1.1 An object has behaviors In old style programming, you had:

data, which was completely passive functions, which could manipulate any data

An object contains both data and methods that manipulate that data (Encapsulation) An object is active, not passive; it does things An object is responsible for its own data

Information Hiding But: it can expose that data to other objects

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1.2 An object has state An object contains both data and methods that manipulate that

data The data represent the state of the object Data can also describe the relationships between this object and

other objects

Example: A BankAccount might have A balance (the internal state of the account) An owner (some object representing a person)

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1.3 Example: A “Rabbit” object You could (in a game, for example) create an object

representing a rabbit It would have data:

How hungry it is How happy it is Where it is

And methods: eat, run, dig

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1.4 Classes describe objects

Every object belongs to (is an instance of) a class fields, or variables methods

A class is like a template, or cookie cutter

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1.5 Other Concepts Inheritance Polymorphism Message communication Access Control

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1.6 Object-oriented development Object-oriented analysis, design and programming are related but

distinct. OOA is concerned with developing an object model of the application

domain. OOD is concerned with developing an object-oriented system model

to implement requirements. OOP is concerned with realising an OOD using an OO programming

language such as Java or C++.

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1.7 Characteristics of OOD Objects are abstractions of real-world or system entities and manage

themselves. Objects are independent and encapsulate data and method. System functionality is expressed in terms of object services. Shared data areas are eliminated. Objects

communicate by message passing. Objects may be distributed and may execute

sequentially or in parallel.

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1.8 Advantages of OOD Easier maintenance. Objects may be

understood as stand-alone entities. Objects are potentially reusable components. For some systems, there may be an obvious

mapping from real world entities to system objects.

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2.1 The Unified Modeling Language Standard language for visualisation, specification, construction

and documentation of problems/solutions in a software-intensive system.

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2.2 What’s UML Not a software development process or methodology May be used in all processes/phases in the development

cycle, across different implementation technologies

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2.3 UML Concepts UML is used to:

Show main functions and boundaries in a system using use cases and actors.

Illustrate use case realisations using interaction diagrams. Represent a static structure of a system using class diagrams. Modelling object behaviour using state diagrams. Show implementation of the physical architecture using component and

deployment diagrams. Enhance the functionality using stereotypes.

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2.4 Use UML: Diagram Type Structure Diagram (Static)

Class Diagram(Object Diagram) Component Diagram Deployment Diagram

Behavior Diagram (Dynamic) Use case Diagram Sequence Diagram Collaboration Diagram State chart Diagram Activity Diagram

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2.5 Use Case Diagram

Actor

Use Case

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In-Store Customer

Telephone Customer

Customer

Identify Movie

Open Account

Return Movie

Clerk

Review Account Status

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DVDMovie VHSMovie VideoGame

Customer

RentalItem

RentalInvoice1

1..*

1

Checkout Screen

0..1

1

1..*

1 0..1

Simple

Association

Class

Abstract

Class

Simple

Aggregation

Generalization

Composition

(Dependency)

Multiplicity

2.6 UML Class Diagram

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: Clerk : CheckoutMgr cust :

Customer : Inventory : RentalItem

1: findCustomer( )

2: searchCustomer()

3: enterMovie()

4: search(String)

5: rentMovie()

6: generateRentalItem()

7: printInvoice()

8: generateRentalTotal()

2.7 Sequence Diagram - Rent Movie

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Object

Lifeline

ActivationMessage

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: Employee

: CheckoutMgr Cust : Customer

: Inventory

: Rentalitems

1: find customer( )3: enter movie()5: rent movie()7: printInvoice() 2: searchCustomer( )

4: search(String)

6: generateRentalItem()8: generateRentalTotal()

2.8 Collaboration Diagram - Rent Movie

Object

Message

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Clerk User Interface

Customer DataBusiness

System client

<<facade>>

Rental Screen

(to business system)

Business System

2.9 Package Diagram

ClassPackage

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Suppl i ed by Mi crosof t

DB Server i nterf ace (dbsvr. dl l )

<<l i brary>>

Appl i cat i on Framework(appf r. dl l )

<<l i brary>>

Vi edo Workstat i on(vstat i on. exe)

<<appl i cat i on>>

2.10 Component DiagramComponent

Dependency

Note

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Node

Communication

Association

2.11 Deployment Diagram

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Pr i nt er

Cl i ent

HTTP Web Server

DB Server

Chi na Uni onPay Syst em Server

<<i nt er net >>

Tr ai nServer

Cr edi t Check

Or acl e 9i

I nt ernet Expl orer 6. 0Onl i ne Tr ai nReservat i on

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I dentyfiy Cal l er

Obtai n Name

Current Customer?

Open Account?

Create Account

[ No ]

[ Yes ]

[ No ]

[ Yes ]

Action Activity

Start State

Decision

End State

2.12 Activity Diagram

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Validate

do/ Check account

Check-Out

do/ check-out video

Check-Out Complete

customer appears

[ account not valid ]

[ account valid ] / get first video

[ no more videos ]

[ more videos ] / get next video

2.13 State Diagram

State

Transition

ActivityGuard

Action

Event

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2.14 Relations between UML Diagram

Use CaseRequriments Class (E)

State Chart

Sequence

Class (S)

Activity

Collaboration

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2.15 Rational Unified Process

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Reading Materials Object-Oriented Design & Patterns UML Notation Guide Software Development with UML

UML Programming Guide 中文教程

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Questions If You don’t know the answer, maybe I can

make one up!