thomas jefferson was elected the 3 rd president of the u.s. in 1801 was a democratic-republican ...
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Thomas Jefferson was elected the 3rd president of the U.S. in 1801
Was a Democratic-Republican Wanted to limit the powers of government Wanted to protect civil liberties
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Aaron Burr - Vice President James Madison – Secretary of State Albert Gallatin – Secretary of the Treasury Removed the Alien and Sedition Acts Lowered military spending and reduced the size of
the army and navy
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Protect the nation from foreign threats Deliver the mail Collect customs duties Bank of the United States remained
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Chief Justice John Marshall wanted a stronger federal government (Federalist)
Judicial Review – the power of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
Supreme Court is the final authority on the Constitution
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New Orleans was an important trading port
Spain controlled New Orleans and Louisiana
1802 - Spain passed on its problems by giving Louisiana to France in a secret treaty
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Napoleon Bonaparte – ruler of France and conquered most of Western Europe
He wanted a North American empire Enslaved Africans in Haiti revolted and defeated
French forces Defeat ended his hopes for an empire
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France was at war with Great Britain Napoleon needed money for military supplies He also hoped a larger U.S. would challenge the British French sold Louisiana for $15 million The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the U.S.
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May 1804 – Meriwether Lewis and William Clark set out to explore the Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark were both army officers Expedition funded by Congress They formed the Corps of Discovery (50 skilled
frontiersmen) They used the Missouri River as their highway through
unknown lands
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Sacagawea – Shoshone woman who guided Lewis and Clark
She was am interpreter She named plants and gathered fruits and vegetables for
the Corps Her brother supplied horses and a mountain guide Nez Perce Indians provided expedition with food
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Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific Ocean in November of 1805
Did not find a river route across the West to the Pacific
Learned about western lands and paths across the Rockies
Established contact with many Indians Collected valuable information about plants and
animals
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Army officer ordered to find the starting point of the Red River in the West
Red River = established Louisiana Territory’s western border with New Spain
Pike’s Peak in Colorado is named after him Gathered valuable info on the Southwest
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U.S. tried to stay neutral, but it soon became impossible
British and French navies boarded U.S. ships looking for war supplies
American merchant vessels were attacked and seized by pirates
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Barbary Pirates – pirates from the North African coast who attacked American merchant ships, stole their cargo, and held crews for ransom
USS Constitution – American warship that ended pirate attacks
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Impressment – British forced American crewmen to serve in their navy
June 1807 – British ship Leopard attacked the U.S. ship Chesapeake and took sailors by force
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Embargo – banning of trade 1807 – Congress passed this act to ban trade with all
foreign countries Congress hoped this act would punish British and French
and protect our merchant ships from being captured Many merchants lost a lot of money without foreign trade The act damaged Jefferson’s popularity
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1809 – banned trade only with Britain, France, and their colonies
Congress tried to revive the nation’s trade with this act, but it didn’t work
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Tecumseh – Shawnee urged Indian tribes to unite William Henry Harrison – governor of the Indiana
Territory Harrison’s forces destroyed Tecumseh’s village;
Indians retreated Tecumseh’s Indian confederation was never formed
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Members of Congress who wanted war with Britain They were angry that the British encouraged
Tecumseh to attack western settlers in order to reduce westward expansion
New England Federalists did not want war – lack of trade with Britain was hurting the economy
1808 – James Madison elected 4th President 1812 – Madison and Congress declare war on Britain
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CAUSES Impressment of
American sailors interference with
American shipping British military aid to
Native Americans
EFFECTS Increased sense of
national pride American
manufacturing boosted Native American
resistance weakened
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U.S. Navy had well-trained sailors and new, powerful warships, like the USS Constitution
American vessels defeated many British vessels in one-on-one duels because of excellent positioning
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September 1813 - Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British navy
U.S. Army under General Harrison invaded Canada Battle of the Thames River – ended British power
in Northwest
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Spring 1814 – Andrew Jackson’s forces defeated the Creek Indians in Alabama
Treaty of Fort Jackson – ended the Creek War and Creek gave up millions of acres of land
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April 1814 – Britain’s military became more powerful by defeating the French
British attack Washington and set fire to the White House and Capitol
Battle in Baltimore – American forces defeated the British at Fort McHenry
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January 1815 - 5,300 British vs. 4,500 American soldiers
Andrew Jackson’s forces killed and wounded over 2,000 British soldiers
Americans suffered 70 casualties This battle made Jackson a national hero Prevented the British from taking the Mississippi
River Last major battle of the war
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Belgium, December 24, 1814 Treaty ended the War of 1812 Each nation returned the territory it conquered Some people called the war the second war for
independence American morale was boosted