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Mercantilism

Policy to export more than you import

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Monarch

A King or a queen

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Colony

A group of people who settle in a new land but keep ties to their homeland.

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Indentured Servant

Person who agreed to work for someone else for 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the New World.

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Slave

People who had few rights and spent their lives in servitude

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Trustee

A person who holds responsibilities for others

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Charter

A legal document that grants special rights and privileges

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Militia

A citizen’s army

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Middle Man

A person who buys from a producer then sells to traders and consumers.

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Garrison

A fort where troops are housed

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Artisans

Craftsmen

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Regulations

Government orders(instead of laws)

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The Founding of Georgia

The 13th Colony

WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES?

DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES?

THOUGHT QUESTION

Gin Lane

The Spanish Wanted God, Gold, and Glory.

The English (British)

Wanted to pursue colonization to support mercantilism.

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/mercantilism

The French Primary focus was on the fur trade.

JamestownFirst permanent colony created in the New World.

Initially unsuccessful, but then grew tobacco, rice and indigo to send back to England.

Led to more colonies being built to produce agricultural products.

Maryland (1632 Carolina (1663- divided in 1712) Georgia 1733

James Oglethorpe

Considered to be the founder of Georgia.

Member of the British Parliament

Wanted to reform British prisons.

Unemployment severe in EnglandPeople owed money - debtsDebtors (and their families) put in prisonHorrible prison conditions

Why did English prisons need reform?

James Oglethorpe wanted to help because his friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in prison. Castell had been sent to prison because he could not pay his debts.

King George II & The Charter of 1732Georgia was created by a charter- written permission from the King to settle land

Oglethorpe and John Percival were given a charter to create Georgia

Georgia named after King George II

Colony: a settlement in a new land but still has ties to the home country.

Charter signed June 20, 1732

Charter set up boundaries & limited power of officials

Georgia’s three purposes

1. Charity – Get rid of poverty and unemployment

2. Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealth-Wanted to plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes

3. Defense – Georgia would be a buffer colony to protect South Carolina from attack by the Spanish in Florida.

Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England

Catholics were not allowed- WHY?

Unofficial Purpose

Georgia’s Boundaries Georgia was in between the Altamaha and Savannah River. Continues to the west coast (California).

Boundaries: North: Savannah R South: Altamaha R East: Atlantic Ocean West: Pacific Ocean

The CharterGeorgia was a Trustee Colony

Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen would run the colony for 21 years (21 for 21)

The CharterRules for the Trustees

1. They would not be paid2. They could not receive any of the land in

Georgia3. They could not hold public office

Banned Slavery (thought it would make colonists lazy.)

Banned Liquor/Rum (beer and wine were ok, even for children, because of unhealthy water quality. Again, the fear was that hard liquor would make colonists lazy.)

Did not allow lawyers or Catholics

Largest farms could only be 500 acres

Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.

Colonists were required to defend the colony.

Colonists had to grow mulberry trees (for silkworms).

Colonists could not sell their land.

Land could not be passed to female heirs.

They had to obey all of the Trustee’s rules.

Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/daily_life_in_georgia

Daily life in Georgia

Exit/Review Questions 1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to

create Georgia? 2. What are the three reasons and the

one unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia?

3. What is a buffer? 4. What religious group could you not be

apart of to live in Georgia? 5. How far did the original western

border of Georgia stretch to?

If you were Oglethorpe

Take out a clean sheet of paperWrite a sentence or two answering:

What would be the first thing you would do in establishing a new colony in an unsettled land?

The first colonists

35 families selected No debtors selected Farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants and trade people

Families received free land, weapons, tools and had to live under trustee rules

1. restriction on land and inheritance (land belonged only to men)

2. No slavery 3. No rum and hard liquors 4. Must defend the colony against all

enemies. 5. Obey all rules and regulations the

Trustees set up.

Remember the Colonist’s Rules:

Arrival of The AnnThe First Colonists sailed to Georgia on Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (also spelled Anne)

February 12,1733 ---Colonists arrive at Yamacraw Bluff- and met the Yamacraw Indians who lived there.

Tomochichi

Georgia Day

Chief of the Yamacraw Indians

Welcomed Oglethorpe and English

Allowed them to build town-Indians wanted to trade with English

Wouldn’t have to travel to South Carolina to trade

Tomochichi

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/tomochichi

One of the most important people in Georgia History

She was half Indian/half English She served as translator for Chief

Tomochichi & Oglethorpe Georgia colony built near John & Mary

Musgrove’s trading post

MARY MUSGROVE

Tomochichi and several Indian representatives journeyed to England with Ogelthorpe to meet George II.

They made a very good impression on the English.

Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/georgia-indians-england

Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

Georgia’s First Settlement

Settlement named Savannah after the river.

Laid out in a series of squares

First planned city in America

Heat and disease hurt the colonists Caught dysentery from the Savannah River The only Doctor died two months after the

colony started (April of 1733) first year, 25% of the colonists died from

the hardships

Disease and Hardship

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/expectations_versus_reality

1. What is a trustee?

2. What kinds of people came to Georgia?

3. Were any debtors sent to the colonies?

4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English to settle?

5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in Georgia’s settlement?

Exit Questions

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Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Oglethorpe to settle on Yamacraw Bluff?

READ & PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS: The Yamacraw Indians had become dependent on English goods and they had to travel to the South Carolina colony to get them. If a new English colony was built, it would be closer for the Yamacraws to trade.