Chapter 10 Lesson 3 The War of 1812

Chapter 10 Lesson 3The War of 1812

In the early 1800s, Britain and France were at war.President Jefferson wanted United States to stay neutral so they could continue to trade with both countries.Britain started raiding American ships looking for British sailors. Sometimes in the raids, they would capture American sailors and make them serve in the British navy.This impressment caused American and Great Britain to become enemies.Trouble with BritainIn 1810, a group in Congress, the War Hawks, began calling for war against Britain.

The War Hawks were angry for 2 reasons: Britain impressing American sailors into their navy and becauseAmerican Indians continued to fight settlers on the frontier and the War Hawks suspected the British were supplying the Indians with weapons.

War HawksHe was a Shawnee chief who wanted to unite all the American Indian nations west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Tecumseh

Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, wanted to keep the settlers away.Tecumseh and nearly 1,000 followers lived near the Tippecanoe River in Indian Territory.William Henry Harrison thought the Indians were a threat.Harrison and Tecumseh, along with their followers had a battle at Tippecanoe.After the battle, Tecumseh went to Canada to join the British against the settlers.

On June 18, 1812, Congress declared war against Britain. The United States wanted to stop the impressment of American sailors.They also wanted to stop the British from helping the American Indians fight the settlers.

Fighting the WarMost of the battles took place near Canada.Captain Oliver Perry forced British ships on Lake Erie to surrender.Americans won the battle on the Thames (Tims) River and the Battle of Lake Champlain.Tecumseh died in the battle on the Thames River.Some Creek and Cherokee Indians still fought on Americas side.In August, 1814, Great Britain attacked Washington, D.C. The President Madisons wife, Dolly Madison saved some important papers.She also saved a famous painting of George Washington.British forces burned the White House and other buildings in Washington, D.C.

British Invasion

Next, the British moved on to Baltimore-Cannons from Britains ships fired on Fort McHenry.The U.S. Army did not surrender.

He was a lawyer that watched the battle at Fort McHenry at the Baltimore Harbor.The sight of the American flag flying over the fort in the early morning inspired him to write a poem.This poem was later set to music and became the Star Spangled Banner, which is our countrys national anthem.

Frances Scott Key

After 2 years of fighting, no one was winning the war, so American and Great Britain decided to end it.A peace treaty was signed in 1814 in Ghent, Belgium. The treaty did not give either side any new land. Things just returned as they were.News of the peace treaty took a long time to reach America.Meanwhile, British soldiers attacked New Orleans.Andrew Jackson led the army in New Orleans, and forced the British soldiers back.Jacksons brave defense of New Orleans made him a national hero.

The End of the War

The time after the war was one of peace and prosperity.

A New Sense of PrideProsperity is

economic success and security.This period was called the Era of Good Feeling.During this period of ten years, people had a new sense of nationalism.Nationalism is

a devotion to ones country.new sense of pride created more interest in the national flag.In 1818, Congress passed a law about how many stripes and stars would be on the flag-13 stripes for the 13 original colonies and a star for each state.The time after the war was one of peace and prosperity.

A New Sense of PrideProsperity is

economic success and security.This period was called the Era of Good Feeling.During this period of ten years, people had a new sense of nationalism.Nationalism is

a devotion to ones country.new sense of pride created more interest in the national flag.In 1818, Congress passed a law about how many stripes and stars would be on the flag-13 stripes for the 13 original colonies and a star for each state.After the War of 1812, the United States wanted to keep European countries out of the Western Hemisphere.President James Monroe, who was elected in 1816, was worried that European countries would invade the Americas.He was especially worried that Spain might try to take over former colonies in America. President Monroe warned European countries to stay out of North and South America and in return, promised to keep America out of European fights.This was a new foreign policy called the Monroe Doctrine.Foreign policy is a governments actions toward another country.The Monroe Doctrine also warned that United States would act to protect countries in the Western Hemisphere.The Monroe DoctrineAnother sign of growing pride was a new interest in writers from the United States.In 1828, Noah Webster published the first dictionary of English that was used in America.Websters dictionary showed how people in the United States spoke and included words found only in American-English.Many words came from American-Indian languages.

New American Authors

Washington Irving wrote The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle, and other short stories.James Fenimore Cooper wrote many novels, including the Last of the Mohicans.New American Authors