© folens 2009 for aqa 3.1.2a health, fitness and a healthy active lifestyle fitness components...

© Folens 2009For AQA 3.1.2a Health, fitness and a healthy active lifestyle

Fitness components

Fitness components 1


What you will learn about in this topic:

1. What fitness means

2. The fitness components



Learning objectives

By the end of this presentation you should be able to:

•Understand the concept of fitness

•Describe the different fitness components

•Explain how fitness components serve the body



Fitness

During physical activity the body must be able to cope with the demands put on it with ease and comfort without stress.

Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment without undue stress or discomfort and still have energy left over.



Fitness components serve the body, but how well they are put into operation will affect performance.

Each component is used to different degress and at different times according to the demands made of them by the performer.



AgilityAgility is the ability to change direction quickly and still keep control of your whole body.



BalanceBalance is the ability to keep the body stable whether still, moving or in a different shape by keeping the centre of gravity over the base.



Coordination

Coordination is the ability to use two or more parts of the body at the same time.



Reaction time

Reaction time is the time it takes to respond to a stimulus.



Timing is the ability to judge the time and place of an object’s arrival and then execute appropriate movements.

Timing



StrengthMuscular strength is the ability of the muscles to apply force and overcome resistance.

There are three types of strength:1. Dynamic strength2. Explosive strength3. Static strength



Dynamic strength uses prolonged, moving muscular contractions.

Rowing is a good example of this as it shows the rhythmical pulling action of the oars and the prolonged period of activity.



Explosive strength is when a burst of maximum effort is used, such as in athletic field events.



Static strength is when the muscle length stays the same. For example, stabilizing the body in gymnastics or holding the body still so that movement can take place such as in a rugby scrum.



Muscular strength can be measured by the ability to lift the maximum weight possible in one attempt.

In itself, muscular strength can be used to overpower an opponent. A player who can combine muscular strength with speed can create power.



Having poor strength may prevent a player shooting with the required amount of power to beat a goalkeeper.

Developing muscle strength involves short bursts of maximum effort.



Speed

Speed is the fastest rate at which you can complete a task or cover a distance.



Power

Power is the ability to apply a combination of strength and speed in an action.



Cardiovascular endurance or stamina

The cardiovascular system deals with the heart and blood vessels of the body.

A cardiovascular system in good condition allows for efficient transportation of blood to the necessary parts of the body.



If an athlete does not have good cardiovascular endurance and stamina then their ability to keep working is reduced. The required skill level is then less likely to be reached.



To exercise effectively for any length of time, without tiring or becoming less efficient, requires the training of the cardiorespiratory system.

The better the heart and lungs work, the more efficient the body is at getting oxygen to the working muscles and removing waste products from the body.



Muscular endurance and staminaMuscular endurance

and stamina is the muscles’ ability to move weight over a long period without tiring and losing effectiveness. This is essential for long-distance athletes.



Flexibility and suppleness

Flexibility and suppleness is the ability to move joints and articulations to their full range of movement.



Controlled use of the full range of movement available at a joint can allow for the execution of the correct technique, improving performance and lessening the risk of injury.

Where resistance to a force is necessary, the muscles must be strong enough to prevent over-extension beyond the fullest range.



Task 1Design a mnemonic (a memory aid) to help you remember the fitness components.

For example, create a short story using the key words. You could even design a storyboard to illustrate each component.



Exam questions1. Which of the following best describes coordination?A. The result of combining strength and speed

in an action

B. Using two or more body parts at the same time

C. The time it takes to respond to a stimulus

D. The fastest pace to complete a task or cover a distance



2. Which of the following best describes power?

A.The result of combining strength and speed in an action

B.The ability to change directions quickly whilst keeping control of the body

C.The time it takes to respond to a stimulus

D.The fastest pace to complete a task or cover a distance



What you have learnt about in this topic:

1. What fitness means

2. The fitness components



Learning objectives

You should now be able to:

•Understand how fitness components serve the body

•Describe the concept of fitness

•Explain the different fitness components


© folens 2009 for aqa 3.1.2a health, fitness and a healthy active lifestyle fitness components...

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