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T11/29/11

Ch. 3.3

Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles

(pp. 92-95)

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I. Immigration Policies of Host Countries

A. U.S. Quota Laws• quota – maximum limit on number of people who

could immigrate to a country• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) – 1st restriction• Quota Act (1921) – based on 1910 census• National Origins Act (1924) – 1890 census

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I. Immigration Policies of Host Countries (cont.)

• nat’l quotas ended with Immigration Act of 1965• later hemisphere quotas • today global quota only (w/ limit per country

based on %) – 620K w/7% from 1 country• refugees – may apply for political, religious status• do not count as part of quotas• brain drain – preference to skilled workers;

depletes number of educated workers in LDC’s

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I. Immigration Policies of Host Countries (cont.)

B. Temporary Migration for Work• Guest workers

– most common in Europe & Middle East– typical in post-WWII Europe– net out-migration shifted to net in-migration– typically low status jobs; unskilled workers

• Time-contract workers– expected to work set period of time, then return home– many stayed in new countries

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I. Immigration Policies of Host Countries (cont.)

C. Distinguishing economic migrants from refugees

1. Emigrants from Cuba• political refugees after Castro Revolution (1959)

• most settle in southern Florida

2. Emigrants from Haiti• deemed economic immigrants although often fleeing

political persecution (Duvalier)

3. Emigrants from Vietnam• “boat people” after Vietnam War• many returned to Vietnam

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II. Cultural Problems Faced While Living in Host Countries

A. U.S. attitudes towards immigrants• distrustful of new groups• often faced hostility• patterns reflected change in immigration (anti-

German, Irish, Italian, Russian, Jewish, etc.)• continues today but also reflects split views of

illegal vs. legal immigration

B. Attitudes toward guest workers• often face prejudice in Europe• hurt by 2008 recession

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Up next: Internal Migration