Skin DiseaseSkin Disease

What you will learn in this session:What you will learn in this session:

What skin conditions exist in pigs in Australia.What skin conditions exist in pigs in Australia.How they impact on the health, welfare & How they impact on the health, welfare & performance of the pigs & the herd.performance of the pigs & the herd.How to diagnose them.How to diagnose them.How to treat them.How to treat them.How to How to minimiseminimise their impact ontheir impact on--farm.farm.

Skin as a diagnostic indicator

SepticaemiaSepticaemia--nonnon--specific signspecific signPallorPallor--anaemiaanaemia, blood loss, blood lossJaundiceJaundice“Dermatitis”“Dermatitis”--Allergy (straw, mosquitoes, Allergy (straw, mosquitoes, mange)mange)

Septicemia-PDNS

Jaundice-PMWS

Will the real mange please stand up!

Skin diseases of young pigs

Greasy pig (Greasy pig (exudativeexudative epidermitisepidermitis))Bite woundsBite woundsSwine poxSwine poxPityriasisPityriasis rosearoseaRingwormRingworm

Greasy pigGreasy pig•Staph hyicus-Culture to diagnose

•Results from skin abrasions

•Treat with Penicillin & anti-inflammatory

Chronic greasy pig disease

Bite woundsBite wounds•To clip teeth or not to clip teeth? – that is the question!

Swine poxSwine poxUncommonUncommon--DDxDDx for for greasy piggreasy pigThought to be Thought to be spread by biting spread by biting insects (lice, insects (lice, mosquitoes)mosquitoes)Clean & disinfect Clean & disinfect woundswounds

PityriasisPityriasis rosearoseaGenetic, red, raised Genetic, red, raised whorls on bellywhorls on bellyDDxDDx ringwormringwormgoes awaygoes awaydo nothingdo nothing

RingwormRingworm

MicrosporumMicrosporum sppspp & & TrichophytonTrichophyton sppsppDDxDDx pityriasispityriasisDiagnosisDiagnosis--demo of spores on skin demo of spores on skin scrapingsscrapingsTreatmentTreatment--iodine may helpiodine may help

“Diamond skin disease”“Diamond skin disease”--ErysipelasErysipelasErysipelothrixErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaerhusiopathiaeSepticemiaSepticemia--Fever with Fever with diamond skin diamond skin lesionslesionsSudden deathSudden deathArthritisArthritisHeart valve lesionsHeart valve lesionsAbortionsAbortions

Valvular endocarditis

Infectious arthritis

PathogenesisPathogenesis3030--50% of pigs carry the organism50% of pigs carry the organism-- tonsilstonsils26 serotypes26 serotypes80% of isolates are serovars 1 or 280% of isolates are serovars 1 or 2Predisposing causePredisposing cause-- environmental stressesenvironmental stresses

FatigueFatigueNutrition changesNutrition changesTemperatureTemperatureFailure to vaccinateFailure to vaccinate

Erysipelas

Long survival in the soil (Long survival in the soil (espesp ecosheltersecoshelters with with dirt floors).dirt floors).Entry via GI tract or tonsilEntry via GI tract or tonsilSepticaemicSepticaemic within 7 days and within 7 days and localisationlocalisation in in skin, joints, heart. skin, joints, heart. PeracutePeracute deaths observed, abortiondeaths observed, abortionAcute skin lesions evident, also Acute skin lesions evident, also synovitissynovitisDxDx: signs & culture : signs & culture ZoonosisZoonosis

Erysipelas treatmentErysipelas treatmentPenicillin by injection to sick pigs.Penicillin by injection to sick pigs.AntiAnti--inflammatory for the arthritic pain.inflammatory for the arthritic pain.AmoxycillinAmoxycillin, , tylosintylosin, tetracycline in water for 3 , tetracycline in water for 3 days. May need to increase dose to compensate days. May need to increase dose to compensate for poor consumption (for poor consumption (egeg. . AmoxycillinAmoxycillin 1010--30mg/kg).30mg/kg).Strategic use of inStrategic use of in--feed medication.feed medication.Consider vaccination of progeny.Consider vaccination of progeny.Always vaccinate sows.Always vaccinate sows.ReRe--infection a problem (esp. infection a problem (esp. ecosheltersecoshelters))

VaccinationVaccination

Vaccination will protect for 6 monthsVaccination will protect for 6 monthsMade from serovar 2Made from serovar 2Vaccinate replacements preVaccinate replacements pre--mating (2 mating (2 shots, 4 weeks apart).shots, 4 weeks apart).ReRe--vaccinate 2 weeks prevaccinate 2 weeks pre--farrowingfarrowing..ProgenyProgeny--consider vaccination if consider vaccination if recurrent outbreaks.recurrent outbreaks.CSL and CSL and IntervetIntervet products.products.

What’s your diagnosis?

•6 week old pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age into a wheat bedded ecoshelter.•High health status herd, weaner feed contains 200ppm of tetracycline for control of Glassersand Ileitis•10% of pigs affected over the last week with skin lesions.

What are your differential diagnoses, confirmatory tests,

treatment and prevention?

DifferentialsDifferentials

Greasy pig (Greasy pig (exudativeexudative epidermitisepidermitis))Erysipelas (diamond skin disease)Erysipelas (diamond skin disease)Swine poxSwine poxAllergy to straw or mosquitoesAllergy to straw or mosquitoesPityriasisPityriasis rosearoseaRingwormRingworm

How would you make the diagnosis?How would you make the diagnosis?

Response to antibiotics + antiResponse to antibiotics + anti--inflammatoriesinflammatories(greasy pig & erysipelas)(greasy pig & erysipelas)Collect a swab from under a crust for culture Collect a swab from under a crust for culture (greasy pig, erysipelas)(greasy pig, erysipelas)RingwormRingworm--fungal culture; demonstration of fungal culture; demonstration of fungal sporesfungal sporesSwinepox, allergiesSwinepox, allergies--histohisto

Zinc deficiency SkinUncommon nowUncommon now--Zinc left out of premix or Ca Zinc left out of premix or Ca competescompetesNeed Zn at 100 Need Zn at 100 ppmppm ((decrdecr synthesis of fatty synthesis of fatty acids mediated by Zinc)acids mediated by Zinc)Thickened skin, Thickened skin, subacutesubacute inflammatory inflammatory change, incomplete change, incomplete keratinisationkeratinisationDDxDDx: mange: mangeDxDx: serum Zn, : serum Zn, HistopathHistopath, response to Zn, response to ZnRx: restore ZnRx: restore Zn

Dermal sensitivity (“scald”)

LincocinLincocin, DMZ, , DMZ, TylosinTylosinIrritant principle “toxic” in low Irritant principle “toxic” in low concentrationsconcentrationsSee scald on HQs, rectal See scald on HQs, rectal oedemaoedemaRx: clean, decrease stocking rate, Rx: clean, decrease stocking rate, remove remove drug drug

Scald

Scald

PDNS-Porcine Dermatitis Nephropathy Syndrome

Immune system “out of whack”Triggers-Circovirus, mosquitoesAffects mainly growersErythema macules, haemorrhagic papules; thick necrotic crusts around the head,lower limbsGlomerulonephritisOedema to lower limbsPoor prognosis in severe cases

Acute PDNS

PDNS

Mange: Mange: SarcoptesSarcoptes scabeiscabei varvar suissuis

Very common, ADG by 5Very common, ADG by 5--10g/d, pigs rub10g/d, pigs rubEncrustation in ear, skin thickensEncrustation in ear, skin thickensDermatitis evident at slaughterDermatitis evident at slaughterMites burrow into skin inside the EAR…lay Mites burrow into skin inside the EAR…lay eggs which hatch and larvae mature in about eggs which hatch and larvae mature in about 1010--14 days14 daysMites don’t survive off host Mites don’t survive off host Diagnosis: Examine ear wax; skin scrapings Diagnosis: Examine ear wax; skin scrapings may be negativemay be negative

Mites & eggs

ControlControlProducts:Products:

InjectionsInjections--DectomaxDectomax; ; IvomectinIvomectinPourPour--onsons--TakticTakticSpraysSprays--TakticTaktic EC EC

Control if you mustControl if you must--treat sows pretreat sows pre--farrowingfarrowing & piglets at weaning& piglets at weaningAim for eradicationAim for eradication

EradicationEradication

Treat Treat everyevery pig with pig with IvomecIvomec (2x, 14(2x, 14--21 days 21 days apart) or apart) or DectomaxDectomax (1x)(1x)Take care to dose to largest pigTake care to dose to largest pigCare with Care with DectomaxDectomax withholdwithhold--may use spray may use spray in prein pre--sale pigs + AIAOsale pigs + AIAOPurchase mangePurchase mange--free replacementsfree replacements

Mange eradication team

Calibrate your scales & weigh the heaviest pig in the pen

Inject all pigsInject all pigs

Inject piglets at 7 days of ageInject piglets at 7 days of age

Take extra care with breedersTake extra care with breeders

Skin lesions at slaughterSkin lesions at slaughter--a a significant problem!significant problem!

Arthritis 1%Arthritis 1%DermatitisDermatitis 10%10%IleitisIleitis 0.175%0.175%NephritisNephritis 5.7%5.7%PneumoniaPneumonia 47%47%PleurisyPleurisy 21%21%PleuropneumoniaPleuropneumonia 0.3%0.3%Peritonitis Peritonitis 1.3%1.3%PericarditisPericarditis 3.3%3.3%

Downgrading penaltyDowngrading penalty

Applies to all carcasses Applies to all carcasses with skin removedwith skin removed

6% + trim loss6% + trim loss

DermatitisDermatitis--deep litter or mangedeep litter or mange

Solutions to downSolutions to down--gradinggradingEradicate mangeEradicate mangeManage Manage ecoshelterecoshelterbedding correctlybedding correctly

What you should have learnt in this What you should have learnt in this session:session:

What skin conditions exist in pigs in Australia.What skin conditions exist in pigs in Australia.How they impact on the health, welfare & How they impact on the health, welfare & performance of the pigs & the herd.performance of the pigs & the herd.How to diagnose them.How to diagnose them.How to treat them.How to treat them.How to How to minimiseminimise their impact ontheir impact on--farm.farm.