probioticsfor pigs

7/28/2019 Probioticsfor Pigs

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Benefits of Probioticsfor Pigs

by

Jens Noesgaard Jrgensen, Ph.D.

Product Manager, ProbioticsChr. Hansen A/S, Denmark

The Irish Grain & Feed Association. Feed Forum. Dublin, November 11-12th, 2004


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OutlineIG&FA, Feed Forum 2004

Probiotics

Microflora in the digestive tract of the pig

Key Pig Production Parameters

Probiotics & Pig Production


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Probiotics

Goin from National to EU a rovals of Feed Additives

IG&FA, Feed Forum 2004

Why talk about Probiotics?

Total ban of Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Jan. 1, 2006

The Pig Industry is looking for substitutes

Probiotics are an alternative


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Probiotics

Live microbial feed supplements which

beneficially affect the host Fuller, 1992



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The Normal Microflora

30

40

50

%

16s rRNA

Cultivation


0

10

Eubacte

rium

Clostridium

Lactobac

illus

Streptococcus

Bactero

ides

High

_GC

Source: Konstantino, 2004.

app. 80% Gram+

app. 400 different types of bacteria


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Development of the Normal Microflora

Diverse microbes:

coliforms

clostridiabacteroides

ruminococci

Gram + (90%)

Gram (10%)

Unstable composition of the community


Day 0 Day 1 week 1 week 2 week 3-4 18 weeks

Age

lactobacilli

coliforms

streptococci

clostridia

lactobacilli

The GIT is

sterile

before birth

Source: Konstantino. 2004.


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Microflora - Host Relationship

Maturation of the immune system

Ener consum tion/su l


Nitrogen cost

source: Gaskins, 2003

>200100Amino Acid AbsorptionGermfree: No microflora in digestive tract

80100Basal Metabolic Rate

Germfree

(%)

Conventional

(%)

Comparison

Source: Visek, 1978.

Use app. 6% of the

energy (piglets)

Supply app. 16% of

the energy (piglets)

Source: Jensen, 2003.


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Influence of pathogens on villiIG&FA, Feed Forum 2004

Normal Villus

Abnormal Villus

(Diarrhoea)

Presence of pathogens cause

reduction in absorptive surface

of the digestive tract


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Consequence of Changed Morphology

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Villiheig

h


Piglet Daily Weight Gain (g/day)

15

16

17

18

19

4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 7 7,5 8

E. coli in broiler ileum (log cfu/g)

MJ/kg

BWG

AME conversion

Van der Klis et al., 1999(cfu = colony forming units)


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Probiotic Activity

Competition fornutrients

Probiotic

Inhibition

by metabolites(organic acids)


ofvitamins

Competition for space& adhesion sites

Digestion ofnutrients

Epithelium

Host mediated effects:- epithelial cell functioning

- peristalsis- immune modulation


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Important Economical Factors

SowsNo. weaned piglets

(weight)

Key Parameters Affected by Nutrition


PigletsGrowth rate

Feed Conversion Ratio

Grower/Finisher

Growth rate



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Litter size in Denmark

11

12

13

fp

iglet

12,5

13

13,514

ality

,%


lets/litter

9

10

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

No.

11

11,5

12 Mo

rt

Live born weaned Mortality

Source: Jultved, 2003

No.of

pi


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Probiotics & Suckling Piglets

Control

Probiotic

to sows Diff., %No. litters 55 54

No. born alive/litter 10.2 10.4 2


Diarrhoea Score1 0.24 0.08* -67

Creep Feed Intake/litter, kg 5.9 6.4* 8

Weaning weight, kg 8.0 8.4* 5

Pre-weaning Mortality, % 12.1 7.0* -42

No. weaned/litter 9.0 9.7* 8

* : P


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10

12% of litters

Control

652 litters

Probiotic

519 litters

Probiotic supplied to the lactating sow

8,1%8,1%

8,2%

Mortality rate


0

2

4

6

8

1 2 3 4 5 >6

Days With Diarrhoea

25% diarrhoea 14% diarrhoea

Source: Maruta et al., 1996

7,6%

7,3%

7,4%

7,5%

7,6%

7,7%

7,8%7,9%

,

Control

(652 litters)

Probiotic

(519 litters)

Probiotics Reduce Severeness of Diarrhoea


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Pre-weaning mortality15 Control

Relative piglet weaning weight

115 Control


Summary of 4 trials supplementing probiotics to lactating sows

involving more than 4000 suckling piglets

0

5

10

A B C DTrial

%Probiotic

Control

mean

Probiotic

mean85

90

95

100105

A B C DTrial

%

Probiotic

Probiotic

mean

Source: Jrgensen & Krti., 2003

Pre-weaning mortality reduced by 5% units

Weaning weight increased by 7%


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Pre-weaning mortality

16 Control


Summary of 4 trials supplementing probiotics to lactating sows

involving more than 4000 suckling piglets

02

4

6

8

10

12

14

8,7 9,2 9,7 10,2 10,7

Litter size at weaning

%

ro ot c

Reduced pre-weaning mortalityEspecially mortality related to

nutrition

Improved weaning weight

Source: Jrgensen & Krti., 2003


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Effect of Weaning on Piglets

7

8

9

10

Lactobacilli

Coliform bacteria

log CFU/g digesta

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2

Proportion of MEm

Feed Intake


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Days after w eaning Source: Jensen, 1998

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Days after w eaning

Source: Bruininx, 2002

6

7

8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Days after w eaning

pH

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

DryMatter,

pH

Dry matter

Source: Jensen, 1998

Feed intake down

Time to pass through the digestive tract up Coliform overgrowth

Villus height down

Diarrhoea up

Productivity down


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Probiotic & PigletsSummary of 32 Piglet Trials

Relative Efficacy of Probiotics used in Piglet Trials

Avg. improvement: DWG 10% & FCR 5%

30

40

Daily Weight Gain


-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1

0

1

1

1

2

1

3

1

4

1

5

1

6

1

7

1

8

1

9

2

0

2

1

2

2

2

3

2

4

2

5

2

6

2

7

2

8

2

9

3

0

3

1

3

2

Mean


10%

-5%


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Probiotics & Grower/Finisher

95%Piglet,

Grower


Average Daily Gain

Probiotic group compared to control

Probiotic supplemented to piglets & growers

54 pigs/group

Basal feed

maize, barley & soyabean meal


108%

107%

91%

91%

88% 92% 96% 100% 104% 108% 112%

Piglet

Piglet &

Grower

n s er

Percent of Control

Probiotic supplementation

Piglets & growers

day 27 (weaning) day 110.

Day 159 slaughter

Source: Alexopoulos, C. et al., 2004.

Significant improvements inADG & FCR to slaughter


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Benefits of Probiotics

Suckling Piglets

Improveno. of weaned piglets / litter

weight of weaned piglets

Creep Feed Intake


Piglets

Improve

Growth rate & Feed Conversion Ratio

Grower/Finisher

Improve

Growth rate & Feed Conversion Ratio


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