You Say You Want A Revolution #2

Bunker Hill

• June 1775

• This battle was actually fought on

Breed’s Hill.

•  It took the British 3 attempts to take the hill. The Americans were finally forced to retreat because they only had 13 Rounds per person.

Battle of Bunker Hill

• This battle is considered a Draw . The British could claim victory because they took the hill while the Americans could claim victory because they killed/wounded half of the British (around 1100).

Attack on Fort Ticonderoga

• May 1775

• These two men led the attack: Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen.

•  Reason for attacking the fort: Needed the cannons.

•  The Americans were able to take the fort without firing a shot because the soldiers in the fort didn’t know about Lexington and Concord.

Battle of Quebec

• December 31, 1775

• The 385 mile trip by Arnold and his men to Quebec was difficult because it was through the wilderness during the winter.

• Arnold’s men got so hungry that they ate their dog, leather from their shoes, lip salve, cartridge boxes.

Battle of Quebec

• The two leaders of the attack were Benedict Arnold and Richard Montgomery.

• During the attack Montgomery was killed and Arnold was shot in the leg.

People of the American Revolution Chart

Put 6 people per page

Name Side Achievement(s)

Sam Adams

Ethan Allen

Benedict Arnold

Penelope Barker

General Burgoyne

George Rogers ClarkNEW PAGEGeneral Cornwallis

Lydia Darragh

John Dickinson

General Gates

Nathan Hale

John HancockNEW PAGEJohn Paul Jones

Daniel Morgan

Thomas Paine

“Molly Pitcher”

Esther Reed

Betsy RossNEW PAGEDeborah Sampson

Baron Von Stueben

The “Swamp Fox”

Mercy Otis Warren

George Washington

Phillis Wheatley

Second Continental Congress• May 10, 1775-Philadelphia

• Made Two Important Decisions:

• 1. Created the Continental Army

• and appointed George Washington

• to be commander.

• 2. Olive Branch Petition-sent to King George, declared the colonist’s loyalty and asked for a repeal of the Intolerable Acts.

Declaration of Independence

• July 4, 1776

• Thomas Jefferson was chosen to write it.

•  Four Main Parts

•  1. Preamble (introduction)•  2. Natural Rights-rights that belong to all

people from birth.• 3. British wrongs-Listed 27 reasons why the

colonies were declaring independence

Declaration of Independence

4. Independence-announces that the colonies have left England and formed the United States of America.

• City approved in: Philadelphia

•  Men on the Declaration Committee: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman

Declaration of Independence

•  Section Removed and why:

• A section condemning slavery was removed after objections from the Southern colonies.

AmericanStrengths

• Homefield Advantage

• Fighting for a cause

Weaknesses

• Little or no experience or training

AmericanStrengths

• Defending their homes

Weaknesses

• Army of volunteers at first

• No real navy

AmericanStrengths

• Help from other countries

Weaknesses

• Loyalists working against them

AmericanStrengths

• Strategy and leadership of George Washington

Weaknesses

• Little unity among the colonies

AmericanStrengths

• strategy-avoid losing, keep war going until British get tired of fighting

BritishStrengths

• Large navy

• 45,000 trained and experienced troops

Weaknesses

• Over-confidence

BritishStrengths

• Help of Loyalists

• Mercenaries

Weaknesses

• Difficult to supply and communicate with their armies.

BritishWeaknesses

• Not used to “American” fighting.

• 1500 miles of coastline

• Atlantic Ocean-lost 25% of their ships to the ocean.

Battles for New York City

 The British • won the Battle of Long Island. The American army lost 970 (British 63) men

 

Battles for New York City• and had another 1079 men captured, which was about 25% of Washington’s army.

Battles for New York City• Washington made a big mistake by splitting his army between Manhattan and Long Island. The

Battles for New York City• British could have cut Washington off with their fleet, but luckily for the Americans the British

Battles for New York City• were prevented from doing this by unfavorable winds and rain.

Battles for New York City• On the night of August 29 Washington decided to attempt an escape by having his troops

Battles for New York City• ferried across the East River to Manhattan.

•  The escape was successful because

Battles for New York City

• of darkness, fog, bad weather, and the silence of Washington’s troops.

Trenton• December 26, 1776• Reasons Washington chose Christmas Night/morning after to attack:

• 1. Element of Surprise

a. Hessians drunk? (not likely)

b. Holidayc. Work of

Washington’s spyd. Condition of river,

blizzard

2. Most of the soldiers’ enlistments were running out on New Years Day. Washington needed a victory to convince soldiers to re-enlist.

• The battle wasn’t fought against British troops but against Hessians, who were German Mercenaries.

Battle of Princeton

• Washington and his army escaped by leaving a few men to keep the campfires burning while they marched around the British army.

Valley Forge Dec. 19, 1777, to June 19, 1778

• Location: Pennsylvania

•

• “…..you might have tracked the army from White Marsh to Valley Forge by the blood of their feet.”

“-George Washington

• Number of troops at Valley Forge: 11,000

•  Number/percentage of troops who died at Valley Forge:

• 2500 (around 23%)•  

• Problems for the soldiers:

•  soldiers barefoot, half naked. Not enough food.

• Soldiers ranged in age from 12 to 60.

• “Putrid fever, the itch, diarrhea, dysentery and rheumatism  

• were some of the afflictions suffered by the Continental troops.” 

• Women worked as

• housekeepers, laundresses, nurses, cooks.

• 34577 Lbs. of meat and

• 168 barrels of flour per day were needed to feed the army

Morristown

• Location: New Jersey

•  Number of soldiers involved: 13000

• Winters of 1777-78 and 79-80

• Number and Percentage of soldiers who died:

• 100 (1779-80)

• .007 %

• The huts that the soldiers lived in were

• 14X16 ft. large and housed an average of

• 12 soldiers.

• In 1777

• 25 % of the citizens of the Morristown area died from

• smallpox or dysentery.

• “Some soldiers, wrapped in

• blankets were naked and begging for clothing. “

•  

 

• There were

• 30 blizzards that winter.

• Properties of • Loyalists were sold when they did not sign a loyalty oath.

A British Plan For Victory

• January 1777

• British would take the city of Albany

• And gain control of the Hudson River.

• This river was important because controlling it would separate New England From the rest of the colonies.

• This plan involved 3 armies.

• Neither Howe or St. Leger’s armies made it to Albany.

 

• General Burgoyne’s army moved slowly because

• the Americans blocked his path by cutting

• down trees and Burgoyne brought 30 wagons filled with luxury goods.

Battle of Oriskany

• Patriots were marching to

• Fort Stanwix which was under siege by the British.

• 400 Patriots died during the ambush.

•  The terrain has changed since the battle, the main difference(s) being

• the ravine/creek has grown deeper.

•  It was difficult for the militia to retreat because of the muddy ground and the oxen

• and carts blocked the path.

•  *There were several factors that led to the high Patriot death toll, such as the Mohawks waiting until they saw

• smoke to attack, panic by many of the militia, difficulty of retreat, and the Iroquois belief of not allowing survivors.

  

• The militia column was probably around

• .5-1 mile long.

•  The main difference between the Patriots that died and the

• Patriots that survived was that the Patriots that survived

• formed a defensive circle.

• While the Patriots that died

• tried to run away.

•  The main purpose of scalping was

• to cause terror. It

• also was proof that an enemy had been killed.

•  Fort Stanwix

• was not captured by the British.

Saratoga

• October 1777

• Benedict Arnold was ordered to

• stay in his tent but instead

• went to the battlefield and led the Americans to victory.

•  This weapon was important for the Americans during the battle: rifle

 

• This battle is called the “Turning Point” of the war because

• the American victory convinced the French to join the war on the side of the Americans

• How would this change the war?

Monmouth

• 1778

• The weather was extremely hot.

•  Who won?-Draw

Invasion of Iroquois land

• 1779

• The Sullivan-Clinton campaign was the largest expedition against Native

• Americans at that time.

•  Sullivan, Clinton, and 6200 men were ordered by George Washington to

• invade Iroquois territory and drive them out.

•  The expedition burned • 40-50 towns and

• destroyed

• 160,000 bushels of corn

• “The immediate objects are the

• total destruction and devastation of their settlements……It will be essential to

• ruin their crops now in the ground and prevent their planting more.

• •

• -George Washington

•  The four main objectives of this campaign were to:

•  1. give protection to the frontier settlements.

•  

• 2. Drive the Iroquois westward and/or northward

•  3. cut off the British and Loyalist food supply from the Iroquois

•  

• 4. Possess the land inhabited by the Iroquois so that when the war was over we could claim ownership of it.

West Point

• West Point was important because

• Without it the British could never control the Hudson River. 

• Benedict Arnold attempted to

• Sell West Point to the British.

Benedict Arnold

• Arnold’s Accomplishments on the American Side:

• captured Fort Ticonderoga

• led the attack on Quebec (shot in leg)

• hero of the Battle of Saratoga. (shot in leg)

• Defeated British at Battle of Valcour Island.

•  

 

• These events led to Arnold becoming a traitor:

• Congress refused to recognize or promote him for his achievements.

Younger, less experienced officers promoted over him.

Arrested for insubordination after Saratoga while Gates took all of the credit for

the victory.

Married a Loyalist woman.

Americans showed contempt for Arnold by

Trashing his family’s grave stones.

Washington ordered that the words Benedict Arnold never be said again.

A law was passed making it illegal to have his name in rock or in metal.

The British treated Arnold

• With disrespect and mistrust 

• Arnold did regret his decision because right before he died

• he asked to put on his American uniform

• one more time and said “God forgive me for ever choosing another.”

Yorktown

• October 19, 1781

• Yorktown was found on a

• peninsula

• The American victory at Yorktown was important

• because it ended the Revolutionary War.

• What happened at the surrender ceremony?

Washington’s Final Problem of the War• What was the problem?

•  The officers had not been paid in some time and some were

• threatening to demand their money from Congress at gunpoint.

•  Washington solved the problem by

• making his men feel

• ashamed about complaining about money when he had sacrificed his eyesight. Also that betraying the new country would be

• betraying him.

Treaty of Paris

• Ratified April 15, 1783• Great Britain recognized • the United States as an independent nation

•  

• The borders of the United States would be from

• the Atlantic to Mississippi River, Canada to Florida.

• The British promised to

• remove their troops and abandon their forts

• The United States Congress would

• advise state legislatures to pay Loyalists for property destroyed during the war.