so you say you want a revolution? part three: the radical takeover and the reign of terror
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So You Say You Want a Revolution? Part Three: The Radical Takeover and the Reign of Terror. The French Revolution Mr. Bach Accelerated World History Hudson High School Hudson, Ohio. Attitudes & actions of monarchy & court. Fear of Counter-Revolution. Religious divisions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
So You Say You Want a Revolution?
Part Three: The Radical Takeover and the Reign of Terror
The French Revolution
Mr. BachAccelerated World History
Hudson High SchoolHudson, Ohio
Attitudes Attitudes & actions & actions
of of monarchymonarchy& court& court
Attitudes Attitudes & actions & actions
of of monarchymonarchy& court& court
Fear ofFear ofCounter-Counter-RevolutiRevoluti
onon
Fear ofFear ofCounter-Counter-RevolutiRevoluti
onon
ReligioReligiousus
divisiodivisionsns
ReligioReligiousus
divisiodivisionsns
PoliticPoliticalal
divisiodivisionsns
PoliticPoliticalal
divisiodivisionsns
WarWarWarWar
EconoEconomicmic
CrisesCrises
EconoEconomicmic
CrisesCrises
The Causes of The Causes of Instability in FranceInstability in France
1792 - 17951792 - 1795
The Causes of The Causes of Instability in FranceInstability in France
1792 - 17951792 - 1795
The Political The Political SpectrumSpectrum
JacobinJacobinss
MontagnarMontagnardsds
(“The (“The Mountain”)Mountain”)
GirondistsGirondistsMonarchíeMonarchíe
nn(Royalists)(Royalists)
1790s:1790s:The PlainThe Plain
(swing (swing votes)votes)
TODAY:TODAY:
The Storming of the The Storming of the Tuilieres:Tuilieres:
August 9-10, 1792August 9-10, 1792
This was triggered in part by the publication This was triggered in part by the publication in Paris of the August 3 Brunswick Manifesto, in Paris of the August 3 Brunswick Manifesto,
which confirmed popular suspicions which confirmed popular suspicions concerning the king’s treason.concerning the king’s treason.
The September The September Massacres, Massacres, 17921792
Rumors that the anti-revolutionary political prisoners Rumors that the anti-revolutionary political prisoners were plotting to break out & attack from the rear the were plotting to break out & attack from the rear the armies defending France, while the Prussians armies defending France, while the Prussians attacked from the front.attacked from the front.
Buveurs de sangBuveurs de sang [“drinkers of blood.”] [“drinkers of blood.”] over 1000 over 1000 killed!killed!
It discredited the Revolution among its remaining It discredited the Revolution among its remaining sympathizers abroad.sympathizers abroad.
The National The National ConventionConvention
• The internal and external threats radicalize the Legislative Assembly such that it set aside the Constitution of 1791 and called for a new election.
• The conservative constitutional monarchy of the Legislative Assembly is no more.
• The radically-controlled National Convention comes to power.
The JacobinsThe JacobinsJacobin Meeting HouseJacobin Meeting House
They held their meetings in the They held their meetings in the library of a former Jacobin library of a former Jacobin monastery in Paris.monastery in Paris.
Started as a debating society.Started as a debating society.
Membership mostly middle Membership mostly middle class.class.
Created a vast network of clubs.Created a vast network of clubs.
The The Sans-Culottes:Sans-Culottes:The Parisian Working The Parisian Working
ClassClass Small Small
shopkeepers.shopkeepers.
Tradesmen.Tradesmen.
Artisans.Artisans.
They shared many of They shared many of the ideals of their the ideals of their
middle class middle class representatives in representatives in
government!government!
Louis XVI’s Head Louis XVI’s Head (January (January 21, 1793)21, 1793)c The trial of the king The trial of the king
was hastened by the was hastened by the discovery in a secret discovery in a secret cupboard in the cupboard in the Tuilieres of a cache Tuilieres of a cache of documents.of documents.
c They proved They proved conclusively Louis’ conclusively Louis’ knowledge and knowledge and encouragement of encouragement of foreign intervention.foreign intervention.
c The National The National Convention votedConvention voted387 to 334387 to 334 to to execute the execute the monarchs.monarchs.
Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette Died in October, Died in October,
17931793
Jean-Paul Jean-Paul MaratMarat
(1744 – 1793)(1744 – 1793)
““The Death of Marat”The Death of Marat”by Jacques Louis David,by Jacques Louis David,
17931793
The Assassination of The Assassination of MaratMarat
by Charlotte by Charlotte CordayCorday
Paul JacquesPaul JacquesAimeeAimee
Baudry, 19Baudry, 19cc
[A Romantic[A RomanticView]View]
Maximillian Maximillian RobespierreRobespierre(1758 – 1794)(1758 – 1794)
Committee for Public Committee for Public SafetySafety
Revolutionary Tribunals.Revolutionary Tribunals. 300,000 arrested.300,000 arrested. 16,000 – 50,000 executed.16,000 – 50,000 executed.
Enemies Everywhere!Enemies Everywhere!
• In order to counter the huge number of foreign enemies, the Convention institutes a draft (including women)
• Panic continues to sweep over France as the revolution itself is threatened.
Enemies Everywhere!Enemies Everywhere!
• Conservatives • Peasants• Priests• Nobles• Emigres• The Law of Suspects (September 1793)
The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of Terror
Terror is nothing other than Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible.justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre-- RobespierreLet terror be Let terror be the order of the order of
the day!the day!c The Revolutionary The Revolutionary
Tribunal of Paris alone Tribunal of Paris alone executed 2,639 executed 2,639 victims in 15 months.victims in 15 months.
c The total number of The total number of victims nationwide victims nationwide was over 20,000!was over 20,000!
Different Social Different Social Classes Executed Classes Executed
28%
31%
25%
8%
7%
Religious Terror:Religious Terror:De-Christianization De-Christianization
(1793-1794)(1793-1794) The Catholic Church was linked The Catholic Church was linked
withwithreal or potential counter-revolution.real or potential counter-revolution.
Religion was associated with theReligion was associated with theAncien RégimeAncien Régime and superstitious and superstitiouspractices.practices.
Very popular among the Very popular among the sans-sans-culottesculottes..
Therefore, religion had no place in Therefore, religion had no place in aarational, secular republic!rational, secular republic!
The De-Christianization The De-Christianization ProgramProgram
1.1. The adoption of a new The adoption of a new Republican Republican CalendarCalendar::
abolished Sundays & religious holidays.abolished Sundays & religious holidays. months named after seasonal features.months named after seasonal features. 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day
decades.decades. the yearly calendar was dated fromthe yearly calendar was dated from
the creation of the Republic the creation of the Republic [Sept. 22, 1792][Sept. 22, 1792]
The Convention symbolically divorced The Convention symbolically divorced the state from the Church!!the state from the Church!!
A Republican A Republican CalendarCalendar
The New Republican The New Republican CalendarCalendarNew Name Meaning Time Period
Vendemaire Vintage September 22 – October 21
Brumaire Fog October 22 – November 20
Frimaire Frost November 21 – December 20
Nivose Snow December 21 – January 19
Pluviose Rain January 20 – February 18
Ventose Wind February 19 – March 20
Germinal Budding March 21 – April 19
Floreal Flowers April 20 – May 19
Prairial Meadow May 20 – June 18
Messidor Harvest June 19 – July 18
Thermidor Heat July 19 – August 17
Fructidor Fruit August 18 – September 21
A New Republican A New Republican Calendar YearCalendar YearI 1792 – 1793
II 1793 – 1794
III 1794 – 1795
IV 1795 – 1796
V 1796 – 1797
VI 1797 – 1798
VII 1798 – 1799
VIII 1799 – 1800
IX 1800 – 1801
X 1801 – 1802
XI 1802 – 1803
XII 1803 – 1804
XIII 1804 – 1805
XIV 1805
The Gregorian System returned in 1806.
The De-Christianization The De-Christianization ProgramProgram
2.2. The public exercise of religion wasThe public exercise of religion wasbanned.banned.
3.3. The Paris Commune supported the:The Paris Commune supported the: destruction of religious & royal destruction of religious & royal
statues.statues. ban on clerical dress.ban on clerical dress. encouragement of the clergy to give encouragement of the clergy to give
up their vocations.up their vocations.
4.4. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris was turned into the was turned into the “Temple of “Temple of Reason.”Reason.”
5.5. The deportation of priests denounced byThe deportation of priests denounced bysix citizens.six citizens.
The “Temple of The “Temple of Reason”Reason”
Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this Come, holy Liberty, inhabit this temple, temple,
Become the goddess of the French Become the goddess of the French people.people.
The Festival of The Festival of Supreme BeingSupreme Being
A new secular holidayA new secular holiday
The “Thermidorean The “Thermidorean Reaction,” Reaction,” 17941794
P July 26 July 26 Robespierre gives a Robespierre gives a speech illustrating speech illustrating newnew plots & conspiracies. plots & conspiracies.
he alienated members of the CPS he alienated members of the CPS & CGS. & CGS.
many felt threatened by his many felt threatened by his implications.implications.
P July 27 July 27 the Convention arrests the Convention arrests Robespierre. Robespierre.
P July 28 July 28 Robespierre is tried & Robespierre is tried & guillotined! guillotined!
The Arrest of Robespierre