yes, mikey, it is possible to restore a stream to some of...
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Yes, Mikey, it is possible to
restore a stream to some of its
former glory!
J. Chris Hoag
Riparian Plant Ecologist
Hoag Riparian & Wetland Restoration, LLC
American Falls, Idaho
20001992
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Flexible Stems &
Rhizomatous Root SystemsSmall to Medium
Shrubs
Large Shrubs &
Trees
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Fox Creek
Teton County
Driggs, Idaho
Oct 2003
Idaho
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Fox Creek
Teton County
Driggs, Idaho
Oct 2003
• Spring driven stream
• No real flooding
• Important cutthroat producing stream
• Dredged in the 1950’s
• spoil piles line the banks
• overwide so sediment not flushed
• Sed covers the spawning gravels
• No floodplain
• Woody vegetation removed by
agricultural practices
• Infested with Reed Canarygrass
Probably once
looked like this
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Fox Creek, Teton County,
Driggs, Idaho Oct 2003
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Fox Creek, Teton County,
Driggs, Idaho May 2004
Vertical bundles
Wetland sod
Pole cuttings
Willow clumps
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Fox Creek, Teton County,
Driggs, Idaho Aug 2007 (3 yrs)
Wetland sod
Willow
Clumps
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Fox Creek, Teton County,
Driggs, Idaho Aug 2008 (4 yrs)
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Willow Clumps
• Sleep, Creep, Leap
• Planted 3-5 ft deep
• Avoid using clumpy soil to fill in around roots
(root to soil contact – no air pockets)
• Wash soil in around roots
Native Harvested Wetland Sod
• Superb treatment for toe zone
• Very dense root system
• Quick to reestablish
• Wetland plants will express themselves in wet
conditions
• Upland plants express themselves in dry
conditions
Pole cuttings
• 85% survival after 4 years
• 46-59 in leader growth
• Good soil to stem contact is critical
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Trout Creek
South of
Jackpot, NV
May 1992
Nevada
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Trout Creek
South of Jackpot, NV
May 1992
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Trout Creek
South of Jackpot, NV
May 1992
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Trout Creek
South of Jackpot, NV
August 1994 (2 yrs)
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Trout Creek
South of Jackpot, NV
August 2007 (13 yrs)
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Brush Mattress
• Difficult to establish correctly
• Labor and plant materials intensive
• Best results are on a 3:1 or flatter slope
• Soil to stem contact is critical for
establishment success
• Equal to 8 in rock riprap
• 5-13 years to establish well
Fascine
• Often installed too high or too low
• Toe protection is mainly wood
• Sprouting is spotty
• Poor establishment success
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Glancy
Demonstration
Project
Carson River
Dayton, NV
November 1998
Nevada
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Glancy
Demonstration
Project, Carson
River, Dayton, NV
November 1998
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2002
2007
Glancy Demonstration Project,
Carson River, Dayton, NV
November 1998
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WILLOW CLUMP
PLANTING
2007
2001
Glancy
Demonstration
Project, Carson River,
Dayton, NV
November 1998
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Glancy Demonstration
Project, Carson River,
Dayton, NV
November 1998
July 2007
(9 yrs)
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Vertical Bundles
• Inexpensive
• Easy to build
• Works well in fluctuating water levels
• Good soil to stem contact is critical
Brush Revetment
• One of the easiest and cheapest treatment
• Must plant live plants with it
• Provides velocity reduction, sedimentation, and protection
for establishing vegetation
• Correct installation is moderately difficult
Clump Plantings
• Best overall treatment
• Establish quickly
• Roots already there
• Provide excellent root binding capacity
• Above ground biomass provides velocity reduction,
sedimentation, and roughness
• Can be planted to the lowest water table
• Don’t cut the tops off too short
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Ambrose Riparian
Restoration Project
Carson River
Carson City,
Nevada
October 2001
Nevada
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Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
August 2002
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Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
October 2002
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November 2002
Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
October 2002
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Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
March 2003
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Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
August 2003 (1 yr)
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Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
July 2007 (5 yrs)
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Ambrose Riparian Restoration Project,
Carson River, Carson City, Nevada
July 2008 (6 yrs)
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Brush spurs
• Easy to build
• Porous so no key trench needed
• Not permanent – use to establish vegetation
community
Live Willow Clumps
• Root mass planted over 4 ft deep
• Protected upper end of brush spur
• Cut off tops so they are above average water
level
Live cuttings or pole plantings
• Down to lowest water table of year (most
common cause of failure)
• Good soil to stem contact critical
• Fast, cheap, easy to plant
• Vigorous, healthy, ¾ inch dia. minimum
• More than one cutting to a hole
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Grand Teton National Park
Snake River
Moose, WY
Oct. 2004
Wyoming
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Grand Teton National Park
Snake River
Moose, WY
Oct. 2004
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May 2005
GTNP, Moose, WY
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July 2006
(14 months)
GTNP, Moose, WY
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GTNP, Moose, WY June 2008 3 years
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Stream deflectors
• Contractor used rocks that were too small
• Working better than expected
• Protected plants until they were established
• Still functioning to design specifications
• Alternative was 1800 ft of blanket rock riprap
Pole plantings, vertical bundles, brush mattress
• 90-95% establishment
• Excellent soil to stem contact
• Short growing season
• Heavy winter season with lots of snow
• Ice forms along banks in winter
• Human traffic was worse than moose
Brush Revetment
•Worked really well
•8-10 inches of sediment deposited around trees
•Wetland plants coming into new sediment
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Questions?
How I lost my Job!J. Chris Hoag
Riparian Plant Ecologist
Hoag Riparian & Wetland Restoration,
LLC
2846 N. Pleasant Valley Road
American Falls, ID 83211
208-221-0944
email: [email protected]
http://www.plant-
materials.nrcs.usda.gov/idpmc