year 7 history half term 3(january february)

Year 7 History – Half term 3(January –February)

Week 1: Lesson 1 – The Harrying of the North – how did this help William keep control?

Week 1: Lesson 2 – What were early castles like?

Week 2: Lesson 3 –What was the Domesday Book and how did it help William keep control?

Week 2: Lesson 4 – The Feudal System – who’s the boss?

Week 3: Lesson 5 – How did castles develop over time? (1/2)

Week 3: Lesson 6 – How did castles develop over time? (2/2)

Week 4: Lesson 7 – What was life like in a Medieval village?

Week 4: Lesson 8 – What were the villagers homes like?

Week 5: Lesson 9 – Why did towns grow in the Medieval period?

Week 5: Lesson 10 – How dangerous and dirty were Medieval towns?

Week 6: Lesson 11 – What did medieval people believe about illness and disease?

Week 6: Lesson 12 – Was the Black Death a disaster for Medieval society?

Red Lessons: All about how William kept control of England following his victory and conquest.

Blue Lessons: All about what life was like in Medieval England once the Norman’s had established control.

Lesson 1Week 1

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020Title: The Harrying of the North and how did it help William keep control?

1. Write the date and title in your book (remember High 5 presentation rules)

2. Write down some adjectives to describe how you’d feel if Britain was invaded and the following happened:

• A foreign army invades the South East then occupies the rest of the country

• The head of state is killed and replaced by a foreigner

• Anyone who has an important job loses it and is replaced by a foreign invader

• The new ruler punishes anyone who disagrees with the new laws he passes, this could mean mutilation or even death!

• Existing buildings are torn down and replaced by those built in a new foreign style

• Everyone has to speak a new language, some even have to change their names

Over the next series of lessons you will study how William systematically dealt with all the problems he faced as a

foreign invader and eventual King of England.

Many English Lords do not accept me as the King. I can

not trust them to keep control of their parts of the country. How can I keep my

country under control?

I am worried that as I am a new King, England

will be invaded by Scandinavians. Also my enemies in the north

might aid any attacker

Although I have killed Harold, he still has

strong support from soldiers in the capital

London.

I need to collect taxes from my people.

However, I do not know how much money or

possessions they have

There is a castle in Dover full of English soldiers. Should

everything go wrong and I need to escape back to France they

may cut off my route

Think: What problems did William have?

1.Look at the source and describe what you can see.

2. What can we infer (work out) from this source about William’s reign in 11th century in England?

INFO SLIDE

INFO SLIDE

Source D:

A section of the Bayeux Tapestry that shows the Normans burning an English house.

INFO SLIDE

The way King William crushed the people in the North of England is known as the “Harrying of the North”. Complete the tasks about this event below.

1. What caused the people of the North to rebel?

2. What did the English rebels actually do?

3. What did William do?

4. What is meant by the word “famine”?

5. How did William use famine as a weapon?

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of William’s actions?

7. What is a castle?

8. Why did William instruct his friends who were helping him run the country to build castles?

Extension Task: The Big Write!

For this task you can choose to imagine that you are either an English Earl or William the conquerer himself! (Or you could even be both!)

If you have decided to be an English Earl, write a letter to William complaining about the way William has been treating the English during the Harrying of the North.

If you have decided to be William, write a letter to the English Earls explaining why you have decided to be so brutal.

Lesson 2Week 1

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020Title: What were early castles like?


2. Think back to 1069-70 and the Harrying of the North. Why did William order castles to be built all over England?

Decision making – which would you choose to keep your men safe and why?

Mud Hut

Stone Temple

Tree House

Castle

What features would you expect a castle to have?

Think: silently on your own

Pair: discuss your ideas with someone at home if possible.

Share: write your answers down in your exercise book.

So, why did William build castles?

As William was French, had defeated the English King and now controlled England, he was expecting people to rebel. One of the strongest ways William could control the kingdom was to have castles built all over the land. At first he kept it simple by building motte and bailey castles. All they consisted of was an earth mound topped with a wooden keep. The Bailey was an enclosed area on a lower mount next to the motte. The kings men lived here, surrounded by a wooden fence, or palisade to keep them safe.

INFO SLIDE

INFO SLIDE

Copy and complete the diagram of a motte and bailey castle by adding in the labels.

the keep

the motte

the bailey

deep ditch

entrance

stairs

palisade

hutsdrawbridge

the keep

the motte

the bailey

deep ditch

entrance

stairspalisade

huts

drawbridge

Explain how 3 features of the motte and bailey castles would make them difficult to attack.

Copy and complete the paragraph below into your books. Although _____________ was now _________________ of England, he still had the problem of controlling the defeated ___________________. So he brought over his ________ and powerful friends from _________________ in France to help him do this. He gave them large areas of _________ and asked them to __________ them on his behalf. These ___________, as they were called, built large fortresses known as ________ and ___________ castles to live in while they ruled their land.

Copy and complete the paragraph below into your books (using the word bank below.) Although _____________ was now _________________ of England, he still had the problem of controlling the defeated ___________________. So he brought over his ________ and powerful friends from _________________ in France to help him do this. He gave them large areas of _________ and asked them to __________ them on his behalf. These ___________, as they were called, built large fortresses known as ________ and ___________ castles to live in while they ruled their land.

Barons motte Normandy King Williamrich English land bailey control

Check your answers

Although __William_____ was now ___King____ of England, he still had the problem of controlling the defeated ______English________. So he brought over his ___rich__ and powerful friends from ____Normandy________ in France to help him do this. He gave them large areas of __land___ and asked them to ____control___ them on his behalf. These ___Barons___, as they were called, built large fortresses known as __motte___ and _____bailey___ castles to live in while they ruled their land.

Where would you build your castle and why?

MARSH

HILL TOP

OPEN COUNTRYD

A

B

C

WOODED AREAWrite a short paragraph EXPLAINING where you would build your castle.

Lesson 3Week 2

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020Title: The Feudal System – Who’s the boss?


2. Think: What problems is William going to have once he has conquered England? Make a list of as many as you can think of. (Remember – he doesn’t speak the language, he doesn’t know how big England is, he isn’t very popular in England and he has just killed an Anglo Saxon King. )

William’s problems:

1. The people of England are angry – William is a foreigner with understanding of how the people of England live. He needs to get them in order quickly and let everyone know who’s the boss.

2. The Vikings are still a potential threat – they are mad about Hardrada’s death and might come back for revenge.

3. The English Saxons in the North of England are still angry about the death of Harold Godwinson. They could potentially threated William’s power with a rebellion.

4. Controlling London – William had defeated Harold at Hastings, but he hadn’t yet managed to reach London. Some of Harold’s army had stayed in London to guard it during the Battle of Hastings.

5. English Forts are strong in Dover and other southern English towns. These are full of angry English soldiers. William must defeat these before he marches to London.

6. William’s army are tired after the journey from Normandy and the Battle of Hastings. Lots of them also want rewards of land that they were promised if the William became King.

• How many of these problems did you manage to get?

• How will William deal with these problems?

How

many of the methods

can you name?How did William keep control of

England?

The Feudal

System

Castles

The Domesday Book

Harrying of the North

Can you put these in the right order?


Challenge: What does each group receive? What does each group give in

return?

The Feudal System was all about “Who’s the boss?”. It was a way of organising people so that everyone knew who was in charge. Take a look at the diagram below and see if you can work out the correct order.



Check your work!

King

Baron

s

Knight

Peasant

Grants land to

Grants land to

Grants land to

Provides money and knights

Provide protection and military service

Provide food & services when demanded

Make a copy of this diagram into your exercise books.

Subtitle: How did the feudal system

help William rule England?

What do you think the advantages/disadvantages of the Feudal system were?Do you think they are the same for each person/group?

Advantages Disadvantages

Loyalty, supply of knights,

income through taxes

Lots of land, power & wealth

Land

Protection but little else

Has to pay rent, fight and

promise loyalty

None

Has to pay rent, fight and

promise loyalty

Has to pay rent, pay taxes,

work, can’t leave village

Who mattered in the Middle Ages?Rate these people’s importance out of 10

• King William• Sir Henry Gresham, a Norman knight• The Earl of Northumbria• Will Scarlet, a farmer from Cornwall• The Duke of Suffolk• Matthew Forbes, a fisherman from Portsmouth• Queen Matilda

Who mattered in the Middle Ages?Draw a status graph to show the importance of the following people:

cale:

xes:

abels:

itle:

S

A

L

T

We need 10 lines. Fit 7 equal size columns on your page.

Draw with a ruler.

Copy labels in their correct positions.

How

important pe

ople w

ere

(/10)

Remember to include a title and underline it.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Kin

g W

illi

am

Sir

Henry

Gresh

am

,

knig

ht

Th

e E

arl

of

North

um

bria

Wil

l S

carle

tt,

farm

er

Duke o

f

Suffolk

Th

om

as

Fforb

es,

Fis

herm

an

Queen M

atil

da

Challenge Question:Who would you have most like to have been in

the Middle Ages? Explain your choice.

Use the Success Criteria on the following slide to check your

work.

Success Criteria for Self Assessment

• Equal spaces on axes.• A ruler has been used to draw the axes.• Straight lines are used throughout the graph.• No numbers are skipped.• Both axes have labels.• There is space between each bar.• The graph has a title.• The title is underlined.

We now need to explain how the Feudal System helped William to gain control of England.

Copy and complete the sentence below in no more than 25 words:

I think the Feudal system helped William to gain to control of England because….

TITLE: How did the feudal system help William rule England?Plenary

Lesson 4Week 2

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020Title: What was the Domesday Book and how did it help William keep control?


2. What were William’s main problems when he conquered England?

3. How did he solve the problem of keeping people in line and aware of who’s boss?

1. What is William’s problem?2. Why does he need to solve this problem?3. What advice would you give him as to how to solve this

problem?4. Why do you think this is his best solution to the

problem?

It is now 1086. I have been on the throne for 20 years. In that time much land has changed owners. I no longer know who owns what or what taxes people should be paying.

Starter

To advise William:

THINK of your ownanswers to thesequestions

The Domesday Book

How did William keep control of England?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om_BIzXaVwU

Watch the video clip from BBC Class clips by clicking the link above.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om_BIzXaVwU

How did making the Domesday Book help William to keep control?

William the Conqueror needed to defend himself against rebellions. He needed to defend his country against foreign attacks. For this he needed an army, who needed to be paid a lot of money. William also built many castles and his churches, which cost a lot of money. To raise this money, William would have to tax the people of England. But how much?

INFO SLIDE

What is the Domesday book?

William sent researchers out to every town, village and manor of England to find out how much everything was worth. In each place they would ask lots of people, including the priest and two older men questions about the place they lived in. All the information they gave was collected in one book, which took two years to write.

INFO SLIDE

How did the Domesday book help William keep control of England?

William listed all the valuable property in England, and who owned it.

• He could take land from people he didn’t think should have it.

• He could tax everybody the right amount to pay for his armies and building.

• He could take all the land owned by King Edward for himself.

INFO SLIDE

LAND

BUILDINGS

ANIMALS

PEOPLE GOODS

MACHINES

Think: Why do you think William wanted to know the amount of:

LANDCan be sold, can grow food on

BUILDINGSCan be sold.

ANIMALSCan be sold, Can do work

PEOPLECan work, make money and pay taxes.

GOODSCan be sold.

MACHINESCan do work.

Think: Why do you think William wanted to know the amount of:

Based on everything you have learned, write either a letter or a speech to William advising him how to solve his problem. You might start like this:

Dear William,I think the solution to your problem is to carry out a survey of

England.[go on to say how he should do this and what the advantages are].

It is now 1086. I have been on the throne for 20 years. In that time much land has changed owners. I no longer know who owns what or what taxes people should be paying.

Lesson 5 and 6Week 3

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020Title: How did Castles develop over time?


Retrieval

2. When did William start building castles and why?

3. What were the first type of Medieval castles called?

Cat can you remember?.

the keep

the motte

the bailey

deep ditch

entrance

stairspalisade

huts

drawbridge

William first started building castles in 1067, almost as soon as he became King. He built castles in order to control England, using his Barons to control areas of land in the country. Castles were a reminder to all in the village of exactly who was in charge!

The early type of castles were called “Motte and Bailey” castles. Use your knowledge from lesson 2 to make a quick list of advantages and disadvantages of these early castles.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpRnTxIAqLU

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Quick to build

Cheap to build

Easy to recognise up

high and show

people in the village

who was in charge

Wood can easily be

burned, smashed up

or rot!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpRnTxIAqLU

A mini guide to Medieval castles

https://youtu.be/RXXDThkJ3Ew

Watch the video clip by clicking the link above.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXXDThkJ3Ew

https://youtu.be/RXXDThkJ3Ew

Task 1: Research Different types of Castles

• Motte and Bailey Castles were never built to last forever. Their disadvantages meant that they would need replacing fairly quickly. But what makes a good castle?

• Over the next few slides you are going to research about 4 new types of castles.

• Read about each one and think about the strengths of each castle and what is good about the design.

• You may wish to consider the following:

Materials (what is it made of?)

Position

Lines of defence

Comfort?

view

The Stone Keep Castle

• This castle was made of stone rather than wood.

• The walls of a square keep castle were often up to 5 metres thick.

• To make the main entrance safe, it was usually on the first floor, reached by a ramp or staircase and protected by a forebuilding. (see picture)

• Only slit windows were used on the keep. Arrows could be fired out of these windows, but as they were narrow, nobody could climb in.

• Stone Keeps would have living space inside, a Great Hall for feasts, bedrooms and storerooms.

• It was surrounded by a thick stone curtain wall, replacing the palisade.

The Stone Keep Castle

Shell Keep Castle

• This castle is made of stone.

• The walls are about 5 metres thick.

• It has a keep and a curtain wall.

• The main entrance to the keep is protected by a narrow bridge, gatehouse and portcullis.

• This castle has round towers. These were better than square towers which were easy to mine under (see picture)

• Inside the keep

Shell Keep Castle

The Concentric Castle

• Concentric castles had walls within walls so attackers who got through the outer defences then faced even stronger walls and towers.

• The walls are made of stone.

• They are about 5 metres thick.

• The main entrance would be guarded by a gatehouse (see top diagram) with portcullises.

• It also allows the defenders to fire arrows from two levels at their attackers. (see middle diagram.)

• The central area would have been full of buildings, supplies, people and animals.

• This castle has round towers. These were stronger than square towers which were easy to mine (see bottom diagram)

The Concentric Castle

Later castles - Palace

• This castle is made of brick. This is weaker than stone, but it keeps the building warmer. As England was now peaceful the think cold walls were no longer necessary. There are wide staircases and wooden floors inside.

• There are large windows with glass in them.

• There is an entrance on the ground floor in more than one part of the castle.

• There are gardens at the back of the castle for entertaining guests.

• Large banqueting halls are inside.

• There would be large kitchens with lots of servants

Later castles - Palace

Collecting your research findings – fill in the table below in your booksType of Castle Good Points Problems you can see with this type

of castle

The Stone Keep

Castle

The Shell Keep

Castle

The Concentric

Castle

The Palace

So, Can you work out the correct order for the castles?

The Motte and Bailey

The Concentric CastleThe Stone Keep

Later Castles -Palace

The Shell Keep

1. The Motte and Bailey

11th Century (1066)

4. The Concentric Castle

13th Century

2. The Stone Keep

11th Century (1070)

5. Later Castles –Palace

15th Century

3. The Shell Keep

12th Century

Answers

Exam Ready: In what ways did the design of castles change? [8 marks]

This question is about change. You must

refer to what the castles had been like

before and after the change.

RECALL – all you can about the ways castle design changed. DO NOT write about similarities. Select the two changes you can write most about.

THINK –• What type of change occurred?• How quickly did it occur? • How far did the change improve castle design? • Did all castles change the same way?• Were the changes temporary or permanent?WRITE –

• one PEE paragraph for each changeidentify briefly what the situation was before and what changed.

Don’t forget you SPED





The first way in which the design of castles changed was the materials they

used.

Early Norman castles were made out of… but as castles developed they

began to be built out of….

This change happened because…





The second way in which the design of castles changed was to do with their

shape.

Early Norman castles were shaped like… but as castles developed they

began to be shaped like…

This change happened because…

Extension Task:

Design your own Castle based on the four types we have looked

at.

You must label you’re the parts of your castle and describe which castles you have

used in your design and why.

It must be: Secure and protect the King and nobles.

Lesson 7 and 8Week 4

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020Title: What was life like in a Medieval village?


Retrieval – Check 10

1. Who was defeated at the Battle of Hastings in October 1066?

2. Who was crowned King of England on Christmas day in 1066?

3. What was the name of the event that took place in 1069-70 and involved William crushing the people of the North of England?

4. How did William find out how much land/money the people of England had?

5. Who did the Villeins work for under the Feudal system?

6. Who did the King lend/give land to under the Feudal system?

7. What were early types of castles called?

8. Give one advantage of the early type of castle.

9. Give one disadvantage of the early type of castle.

10. Name 3 other types of Medieval castles?

Check 10 answers

1. Harold Godwinson

2. William, Duke of Normandy

3. The Harrying of the North

4. The Domesday Book

5. The Knights

6. The Barons

7. Motte and Bailey Castles

8. They were quick/cheap to build

9. They were easy to destroy (burn/smash/rot)

10. Square Keep, Shell Keep, Concentric and Palace

https://youtu.be/8P7cRTYNCdI

Watch the clip by clicking the link above. As you are watching write down 5 facts about life in the Middle Ages for ordinary people.

1. 2.3.4. 5.

Challenge yourself: What do you think would be the worst thing about being a peasant in the Middle Ages and why?

The next series of lessons will all be about life in the Medieval Period. (The Middle Ages) We will be looking at what life was like for ordinary people, including where they lived, what jobs they did and what their beliefs were.

https://youtu.be/8P7cRTYNCdI

What does a Medieval Village look like?

From memory/your own ideas, draw a quick sketch in your book of what you think a medieval village will look like? Remember High 5 rules –

pencil for drawing and pens for labels.

Study the image of a medieval village

carefully.

Write a list of all the things you can see in the picture.

Did you find:

•Church•Mill •Peasants hut •Manor House•Crop Field •River?

What is the purpose of each of the above?

What do you think is the most important building in the village and why?

ChurchCentre for

religious worship and festivals

Peasant’s HutWhere peasants

lived and kept their animals. May have

a small patch of land to grow crops.

Manor HouseHome of the Lord

of the Manor. Peasants farm his

land and pay regular tithes.

Crop FieldPeasants would be

expected to farm this for their Lord using

ploughs pulled by oxen.

MillUsed to grind the wheat farmed to make bread in

the autumnRiver

Source of water for the village, powered the mill

and provided fish at certain seasons.

Copy and complete the paragraph into your books

The most important building in the village was the _____________. The person who owns the village is called the __________________. His house is much_________ than the other houses. The peasants grow their own ________ in their garden. Many peasants also had _________ of land in the fields and used the common land to graze ________. They share the ________ with other members of the village. The peasants also had to work on the ______________.

Copy and complete the paragraph into your books (using the word bank below).

The most important building in the village was the _____________. The person who owns the village is called the __________________. His house is much_________ than the other houses. The peasants grow their own ________ in their garden. Many peasants also had _________ of land in the fields and used the common land to graze ________. They share the ________ with other members of the village. The peasants also had to work on the ______________.

Word bank: Lord of the Manor, food, strips, church, plough, bigger, Lord of the Manor’s land, animals

Check your answers

The most important building in the village was the __church_. The person who owns the village is called the ___Lord of the Manor_. His house is much_bigger_ than the other houses. The peasants grow their own __food__ in their garden. Many peasants also had __strips___ of land in the fields and used the common land to graze _animals__. They share the _plough_ with other members of the village. The peasants also had to work on the _Lord of the Manor’s land__.

What did a Medieval Cruck House look like?

What clues can you see in this picture to explain why

people might become ill?

Ye Olde Customs of the Village

1. Each villein shall pay the same annual tax to the lord.

2. Each villein shall give the lord 12 eggs at Easter, or their value.

3. A fine must be paid by a villein if his son leaves the village.

4. Each villein shall be liable to week work (on the lord’s land) on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.

5. The lake, wood, and pastures are to be owned by the lord.

6. Each villein may take one cartload or wood for his own use, but no animals or fish from the village.

7. No land can be exchanged or sold.

8. No villein may leave the village.

9. Flour must be made in the village mill and a fine must be paid to the miller for the use of the mill.

10. The cottars have no grazing rights, and no right to wood or animals. (Cottars = previously free but became a tenant of a small holding in return for services to the lord.)

What were the rules of a Medieval village?

How restrictive do you think living in a Medieval village was? Why do you think this?

Challenge YourselfConsidering these rules, why do you think people lived in a village like this?

An interview with…

If you could travel back in time and meet someone who lived in a Medieval village like the one you have just been looking at, what questions would you like to ask them? How would you describe where you live to them? What are the main differences? Are there any similarities?

Extension – write a script of the imaginary interview.

Lesson 9Week 5

Why did towns grow during the Medieval period?

What is the difference between life in towns and villages today?

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020

Villages and Towns: Spot the DifferenceCompare the similarities and differences between villages and towns today for each of these categories:

1. Shops

2. Religion (Churches)

3. Houses

4. Social Structure (Who is in charge? Why?)

5. Women

6. Jobs

7. Pastimes (food and festivals)

Challenge yourselfCan you explain why some of these things may be different?

Over to you. Find it, remember it, get ready to use it.

INFO SLIDE

A typical Medieval town (about the year 1250)

Why did people leave their villages?

Push Factors:Things making

them leave villages

Pull Factors:Things

making them want to go to

towns

Show you know by doing it.

Why did people move from villages to towns?

• Become free from the feudal system

Can you place the statements into the push and pull categories

• To learn a new craft and new career

Challenge yourself

Can you think of any of your own?

• To enrol their children in apprenticeships

• Fairer law courts

• Few entertainment opportunities in villages

• Few trade opportunities

Pull Factors:Things making them

want to go to towns

Push Factors

:Things making them leave

villages

Why did people move from villages to towns?

In your exercise books, explain in twenty words or less why people decided to move from villages to towns.

Challenge yourself

What problems may this cause for villages? Or for towns?

Medieval Villages

Women: Most were controlled by men to begin their fathers then husbands. They were expected to cook clean and look after the kids. They may help out at important times e.g. harvest.

Government: Most villages were around manor houses and the land was given to peasants by the lords to farm for him. In return he received rent and taxes from them.

Trade: Most of the food was sent to towns to be sold at market.

Medieval VillagesJobs: Most peasants were farmers who were busy year round with sowing seeds, planting different crops in different fields each year and harvest. Often they kept sheep as wool was very profitable.

Pastimes: Most pastimes were linked to the church or Pagan activities (religion in England before Christianity). On these days there would be wrestling on the village green, drinking of ale and competitions to see who could drink the most ale the fastest.

INFO SLIDE

Medieval Towns

Trade and Guilds: For people who all had similar jobs e.g. carpentry. If you were a member you had unrestricted rights to trade in the town. This was particularly important for the cloth trade.

Government: Many towns were started by royal charter (in return for a lot of money) meaning it was not controlled by lords. They were governed by themselves and had their own law courts.

Jobs: Unlike the countryside there was a variety of jobs and people could get apprenticeships in many jobs from barkers to weavers from the age of 14

Women: They still had to look after children and do the housework but often had jobs as bar maids and in trades such as weaving. They could even join guilds.

Annual festivals: Every year the towns hosted festivals on holy days which often lasted days and even attracted traders from foreign countries. People did archery, played bowling and drank mead as well as trading.

INFO SLIDE

Using the information on the previous two slides, answer the following questions in your exercise books:

1. How was life different for women in a Medieval town compared to a Medieval village?

2. How did jobs differ in a Medieval town compared to a Medieval village?

3. What new pastimes were available in a Medieval town, which weren’t available in a Medieval village?

Lesson 10Week 5

Are you ready to learn? Let’s get on with it then! ☺

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020Title: How dangerous and dirty were

Medieval towns?

Challenge yourselfMost Medieval towns didn’t have bin men, how do you predict they stopped their streets looking like this?

1. Write the date and title. (Remember High 5 rules)

These pictures were taken during the Birmingham Bin Strikes in 2017, where people’s rubbish was not collected for 3 months!

2. What problems do you think this would have caused for people living there?

Were Medieval towns dangerous and dirty?

How dangerous do you predict Medieval towns would have been?

Why do you think this?

How dirty do you predict Medieval towns would have been? Why do you think this?

Challenge Yourself!Where do you think these kinds of assumptions came from?

What made Medieval towns so dangerous and dirty?

Examine this picture and make two lists in your exercise books:

• Things that were dangerous in a Medieval town

• Things that were dirty in a Medieval town

How many examples of

dangerous or dirty

situations can you find?

Challenge Yourself!How accurate do you think this picture is?

Why do you think this?

Check your answers: What made Medieval towns so dangerous?

1

23

4

5

6

7

6

1

A cart has broken an axle and fallen on a woman – the driver flees fearing she is dead

2A man is threatened by men who rode too close to a woman with a baby

3A man hits another over an argument over a spilt bag of eels

A man steals apples and the owner starts a ‘hue and cry’

4

5

Boys roll a barrel of stones around the houses to annoy their neighbours

6A wealthy woman falls out of her sedan chair

7A boy falls through a broken wall onto another

How far did Medieval people try to keep clean?


Challenge Yourself!Why do you think it was so challenging for Medieval people to keep clean?

1. Read through the facts about Medieval hygiene and decide whether it shows they tried hard to keep clean or not.

2. Summarise in a sentence your opinion about the question: ‘How far did Medieval people try to keep clean’?

Go for Gold!Compare Medieval towns to Roman towns – how different are they? Why do you think this happened?

Some towns had a complex system built by the Romans to supply water. These were

known as aqueducts and would help transfer water from one part of the town to

another.

Most towns had privies (a toilet located in a small shed outside the house), with

cesspits (holding tanks) underneath where the sewage was collected.

There were animals everywhere as they were used for transport. They created tons

of a dung every week

Due to towns growing rapidly, places such as Exeter and London used new technology such as pipes made from

lead and wood as more people needed water. Lead is now known as poisonous.

There were open drains that ran down street centres to carry away water and waste – these would often overflow.

Cesspits would be dug out yearly by gong farmers, however if they were not

emptied regularly, the sewage easily seeped into rivers and wells (polluting

them in the process)Bath Houses were built in Medieval towns,

where people could go and have a bath. Also some Medieval people used tweezers,

toothpicks and mouthwash.

There were no dustbins or rubbish collectors to remove waste so it just built up in the streets until the rain washed it

away.There were no sewers so household waste was chucked out into the street and left to

rot.

Water was rare so people did not wash their clothes or their bodies as much.

Streets outside the houses of wealthier citizens were cleaned by their servants.

The lack of good hygiene was mostly because people had no knowledge of

germs and how they linked to disease and infection.

What were Medieval punishments like?

Challenge Yourself!

Why do you think that the

government chose to punish people

this way?

Watch the video clip.

Briefly describe at least three

different punishments

Were Medieval towns dangerous and dirty?

Go back to your predictions from earlier in the lesson: do you still agree with your prediction? Explain your answer using specific evidence (SPED)

Challenge Yourself!Why might someone argue against your view? How would you defend your opinion?

Lesson 11Week 6

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020

Title: What did people believe about the causes and spread of disease?

Challenge yourselfWhy would Medieval people not be able to work this out?

1. Write the date and title

Try to answer the following questions:

2. What causes illness?

3. How can you try to prevent getting ill?

What was the Black Death?

One of the most devastating plagues in History.

Killed 30-40% of the UK’s population, approximately 2 million people

Once infected there was no known cure.

What do you think caused it?

What were the rumours and realities of the causes?While watching the video, answer the following questions.

1. What actually caused the Black Death?

2. What made the Black Death Spread?

3. Where did some people think the Black Death came from?

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z7r7hyc/video (until 1m20s)

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z7r7hyc/video

What did people believe caused disease?

Challenge Yourself!Why do you think your cure was as popular/ unpopular as it was?

Go for Gold!If people believe in these causes, how did the Black Death spread so quickly?

On the next slide you will find 4 numbered beliefs about the cause of disease. For each number cause, draw a picture in your book explaining the cause of disease using only 4 words maximum. Remember to include how popular it was!

An example is done opposite for the cause of witches.

5. Witches

A quite popular belief was that that Witches caused disease by bringing bad

luck or creating horrible potions

=

1. God

Religion was a huge part of the lives of

people in the Middle Ages. A very popular

belief was that God sent a plague/ illness

to punish people when they were being

sinful (disobeying his commands).

2. Bad smells (Miasma)

Some Medieval people began to notice a

link between disease and bad air (miasma)

or bad smells because more people died in

smelly, unclean towns than the

countryside. People believed that the bad

smells from the towns infected people

and made them ill. This became a very

popular belief over time.

3. The Four Humours

The most popular belief was that people

were ill because their Four Humours were

out of balance. The body was made up of

four liquids called humours. People

believed a person became ill when the

humours were out of balance e.g. there

was too much of one or too little of

another.

4. The Supernatural

Some astronomers blamed the planets

being 'out of line' to explain why people

got ill. Some people believed that the

human body and the planets were made up

of earth, fire, air and water. For the

body to operate well, all 4 elements had

to be balanced and the planets could

cause this to become unbalanced.

What did people believe caused disease?


Challenge Yourself!Which cause was the most popular? Why do you think this happened?

Supernatural God

Four Humours Miasma

For each cause of disease on the previous slide summarise:

1. What the belief is?

2. How popular was it?

In a sentence in your exercise book describing each of the causes.

What made the Black Death spread so far?

How do you think the disease spread from the East?

How did the Black Death spread across England?

Challenge Yourself!Why do you think it took such a long time to spread from London to Norwich?

Go for Gold!Why do you think it took less time for the plague to spread from Devon to London?

In your exercise book, answer the following questions in full sentences.1. Where did the Black Death start?

2. Where did the Black Death enter England?

3. How do we know it entered from here?

Date Location

1338 Central Asia (Russia & China)

After 1338 India

Sometime between 1338 & 1348

Italy and France

Just before 24th June 1348 Melcombe Regis (South Coast)

Autumn 1348 Dorset, Somerset & Devon

November 1348 London

January 1349 Norwich

After January 1349 Lincoln then Hull

Fix my sentence

Challenge Yourself!How might the Medieval people prevent the Black Death from spreading considering how they think it was caused.

“Medieval people thought the Black Death was spread only by rats.”

Using your knowledge from the lesson, can you fix and extend this sentence.

Lesson 12Week 6

Date: Tuesday, 15 December 2020Was the Black Death a disaster for medieval society?

Challenge Yourself!What is the man in the circle doing? Why is he doing this?

In and On:

What is happening in this picture?

Does it suggest the Plague was a disaster or not?

Are you ready to learn? Let’s get on with it then! ☺

https://youtu.be/m5q-PIN3KSE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5q-PIN3KSE

How did the Black Death affect the population?

This graph shows how many people lived in Europe between the year 1000 and 1700.

What do you notice after the 1340s to 1400?

Answer these questions in your exercise book in full sentences

1) How many people were there in 1340?

2) How many had died by 1400?

3) When did the population number recover to its 1340 figure?

80

90


Challenge Yourself!What do you think happened in the mid-1600s? Why?


Check your answers

What do you notice after the 1340s to 1400?

Answer these questions in your exercise book in full sentences

1) In 1340, there were approximately 86 million people in the world.

2) By 1400, about 26 million people had died.

3) The population number recovered to its 1340 figure by around 1555.

80

90


Challenge Yourself!The Great Plagued of 1666.

What are the similarities between these pictures?


Challenge Yourself!Why do you think

these pictures were made?

They all have Death as a theme.

They all have skeletons, with instruments (or dancing) enticing

people to their graves.

These pictures show how the fear of death became a major theme in medieval art after the Black Death. People became quite paranoid and

morbid.


This village was abandoned during the disease, and never

recovered.

Can you see the signs of where old walls, buildings and a pond

used to be?

How do you think this picture links to the Black

Death?

Challenge Yourself!Can you link it to one of

the previous tasks?

The images you have seen suggest that the Black Death was a disaster for medieval society. But is it that simple?

What do you think this is a

picture of?

Challenge yourself!

Why do you think this

happened?

A small plague pit recently

found in London.

People couldn’t keep up with

the huge numbers dying, so they had to be buried in

pits.

Read the following facts.Work out if they show the disease had a positive or a negative impact..

Also consider if they are examples of….Social - peoplePolitical – who’s in chargeEconomic - moneyArtisticReligious

S

A


Challenge Yourself!Which of these did the Black Death impact the Greatest? Why?

Answer your title question in full sentences and paragraphs!

Use the ADCwriting frame.

Agree: it was a disaster in some ways.Choose at least 3 of the most important negative effects of the Black

Death.Which sections of society suffered the most?

Disagree: it was a good thing in other ways!Choose at least 3 of the most important

positive effects of the Black Death.Which section of society benefitted the most?

Conclusion:What’s your personal opinion?

Was the Black Death a disaster formedieval society?

Was the Black Death a disaster for medieval society?

year 7 history half term 3(january february)

Documents