Yarn

Technical Specifications & selection guidelines

Part 1

Selection guidelines

Fabric quality means different properties of finished fabric which depends on yarn properties and fabrics construction.

Knit goods are known for their high structural sensitiveness to deformation during manufacturing process or at their end use.

Selection guidelines Yarn is the fundamental unit of fabric.

Yarn contains a lot of properties (variables) which can affect knitted fabric finished quality.

The quality of hosiery yarn has to be considered with due weightage to Fluidity of knit structures and their influence on quality of knit fabrics.

Selection guidelines

The crucial yarn properties to be considered would be twist in yarn for shortest possible gauge length, yarn irregularity, within variation of friction in yarn, flexural rigidity and torsional rigidity.

Carded and combed yarns of same count have many different properties because of different manufacturing process.

Combed yarn is of superior quality and carded yarn is of inferior quality.

Knitting

Knitting requires a relatively fine, smooth, strong yarn with good elastic recovery properties.

Main Characteristics of Yarn to be Considered for Knitting

1. Count & count variation (CV%).

2. Twist and twist variation.

3. Evenness or regularity of the yarn.

4. Imperfections in the yarn:

a) Thick places b) Thin places c) Neps d) Hairiness

5. Yarn strength and its variation.

Technical Specifications

Technical Specifications

Combed vs Carded

A same count carded and combed yarns have many different properties which influence the fabric quality.

Combed vs Carded

The finished knit fabrics made by carded yarn and combed yarn have no significant change due to color fastness to wash and color fastness to light. But,

in case of color fastness to rubbing, a little effect is found on finished knit fabric made by a same count carded and combed yarn. Some cases combed yarn shows better result than carded yarn.

Combed vs Carded

Shrinkage of all types of fabric produced from carded yarn is more than that produced from combed yarn, while the yarn count is same.

Generally combed yarn strength is higher than carded yarn of the same count.

Carded yarn is more hairy.

Combed vs Carded

Pilling is a fabric surface fault which gives the garment unsightly appearance.

Pills are formed in fabric by entangling the loose fibers or hairy fibers.

When the garment undergoes wear & washing these pills are formed on the fabric surface.

The resistance of pilling effect on fabric produced by

combed yarn gives better result than same count carded yarn.

Combed vs Carded

Carded yarn and combed yarn have great effect on GSM. Combed yarn produces higher GSM fabric than carded yarn, while using the same count for both yarn types.

More loose hairy fibers are removed from carded yarn by knitting process and pretreatment process than combed yarn. As a result fabric produced from combed yarn shows more GSM than fabric produced from carded yarn after finishing.

From this discussion, it can be said that in case of producing fabric from carded yarn should maintain higher GSM than combed yarn fabric to achieve same finished GSM.

Combed vs Carded Normally combed yarns are more uniform and more

lustrous than carded yarns.

Fabric made of Combed yarn is gentle against the skin.

Carded yarn TPI is more than combed yarn.

A fabric knitted with a highly twisted yarn will have higher Spirality.

Combed vs Carded However,

Carded yarn production process is easier than combed yarn production process and carded yarn is also cheaper than combed yarn.

Trade practiceThe spinning mills are putting different colored labels on the cones for easy identification.

Green Label (GL) : Semi combedViolet Label (VL) : CombedRed Label (RL) : Super combed

Yarn Count Yarn Count is the numerical expression of fineness.

The number indicating the mass per unit length or length per unit mass of yarn is called count.

Count CV% CV% is a statistical measure of the variation of the

individual readings.

The variation of the yarn count (CV count) is the variation of count from one bobbin (or, cone) to the other.

The lower the value the better.

If this variation is more than 2% the difference in the fabric is visible with bare eyes.

U% For a fault-free yarn with random variations in thickness

or linear density, the following relationship exists between the U value and the CV value.

CV =1.25U

The size of the cross-section variations is expressed in mean linear irregularity (U%)

General classification

Coarser Count (Up to 24s). Medium Count (24 to 70s). Finer Count (Above 70s).

We will discuss other parameters in next edition.

Until then,

Bye Bye.

Note:This is a Training material prepared for internal training purpose.