World War IWorld War I

Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23

Nationalism in Europe

Deep attachments to one’s

own nation helped unify the

people and helped create

competition

Nationalism

Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46

Building Global Empires and Military Alliances

Nations seeking economic growth and expansion

Establish and expand global empires

Imperialism

Build-up of military forces

among nations

Strong military competition

Militarism

Hardening of alliance systems

Triple Alliance—

Triple Entente—

Russia was traditionally

Serbia’s protector

Alliances

1014_Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25

Austria-Hungary Declares War

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo by Serbian Black Hand member, Gavrilo Princip

Assassination

Austria issued ultimatum to Serbia;

Serbia partially agreed July 25

Summer of 1914

Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28

Austria declared war on Serbia July 28

Russia mobilized to help Serbia July 30

Germany pledged to support Austria

Germany declared war on Russia Aug 1

France allied with Russia

Germany invaded Belgium Aug 3

Germany declared war on France Aug 3

Britain declared war on Germany Aug 4

World War I Begins………..

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium,

US, Japan, Montenegro, Italy

The Battles BeginThe Battles Begin

Schlieffen Plan—Germany’s war planSchlieffen Plan—Germany’s war plan drawn up in 1905drawn up in 1905 called for invasion of neutral Belgiumcalled for invasion of neutral Belgium assumed Russia would be slow to assumed Russia would be slow to

mobilizemobilize allow for quick defeat of Frenchallow for quick defeat of French

Realities_of_War_the_Trenches_Weapons_and_Death 3:34

Realities of War – Trenches, Weapons, and Death

Modern WarModern War Submarine warfareSubmarine warfare

Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shippingUse to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping Rapid fire machine gunsRapid fire machine guns

Led to trench warfareLed to trench warfare Trench warfareTrench warfare

500 miles of ditches for protection500 miles of ditches for protection TanksTanks

Designed to break through barbed wireDesigned to break through barbed wire AirplanesAirplanes

Primary function—to observe enemy activitiesPrimary function—to observe enemy activities Poison gasPoison gas

Introduced by Germans to help break stalematesIntroduced by Germans to help break stalemates

America_Joins_the_Ranks 4:17

America Joins the Ranks

U.S. Becomes InvolvedU.S. Becomes Involved US declared neutrality in beginningUS declared neutrality in beginning Money loaned to warring nationsMoney loaned to warring nations Sinking of Sinking of LusitaniaLusitania German unrestricted submarine warfareGerman unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram Germany sinks 4 US merchant shipsGermany sinks 4 US merchant ships

April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war declarationdeclaration

April 6, 1917 US declares war on GermanyApril 6, 1917 US declares war on Germany

Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare

Zimmerman Telegram

Sinking of 4 US merchant ships

US declares war on Germany

April 6, 1917

US entry into World War I

Web of War

SerbiaAustria-Hungary

Germany Russia

France

Treaty

Declared war on

Treaty

Treaty

Declared war on

Declared war on

FranceGermany

United States

Great Britain

Italy

Declared war on

Treaty

Declared war on

Belgium

Japan

De

cla

red

wa

r o

n

Dec

lare

d w

ar o

n

invades

Treaty

Military agreement

Australia

Canada

India

New Zealand

Union of S.Africa

Colonial

Territories

Allied after start o

f war

1918_America_Arrives_Just_in_Time 2:00

Americans Arrive Just in Time

1917 Russia pulls out1917 Russia pulls out• Closing Eastern frontClosing Eastern front• American troops arriveAmerican troops arrive

1918 1918 Allies push Germans back to border of Allies push Germans back to border of

GermanyGermany Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicatesKaiser Wilhelm II abdicates Germany surrendersGermany surrenders

War ends 11War ends 11thth Hour of 11 Hour of 11thth Day Day of 11of 11thth Month 1918 Month 1918

Peace_Diplomacy_and_Reparation 6:50

Peace, Diplomacy, and Reparation

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points

Plan for peace after warPlan for peace after war League of Nations League of Nations

• General association of nationsGeneral association of nations Help preserve peaceHelp preserve peace Help prevent future warsHelp prevent future wars

Congress never signed Treaty of VersaillesCongress never signed Treaty of Versailles US never member of League of NationsUS never member of League of Nations

Germany’s punishmentGermany’s punishment Accept blame for causing war Accept blame for causing war

• Article 231 “War Guilt Clause”Article 231 “War Guilt Clause” Reduce militaryReduce military

• Army reduced to 100,000 troopsArmy reduced to 100,000 troops• Navy cut back dramatically – 15,000 men, 6 Navy cut back dramatically – 15,000 men, 6

battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers, no submarinesbattleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers, no submarines• Air Force eliminatedAir Force eliminated

Pay war reparationsPay war reparations• Germany was expected to pay the Allied forces the Germany was expected to pay the Allied forces the

equivalent of $30 billion US dollarsequivalent of $30 billion US dollars

The EndThe End

Effects of WWI on USEffects of WWI on US Developments in WarDevelopments in War

War-torn economies of War-torn economies of EuropeEurope

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Industrial demand of Industrial demand of

wartimewartime Sacrifices of wartime; Sacrifices of wartime;

disappointment with disappointment with Versailles Peace Versailles Peace TreatyTreaty

Effects on USEffects on US Boom in US economy; Boom in US economy;

emergence of US as emergence of US as world industrial leaderworld industrial leader

““Red Scare” in Red Scare” in postwar US; suspicion postwar US; suspicion of immigrantsof immigrants

Internal migration in Internal migration in US, especially African US, especially African Americans to Northern Americans to Northern citiescities

Failure to join League Failure to join League of Nationsof Nations

Credits:Credits:Presentation Author—Billie JamesonPresentation Author—Billie Jameson

Textbook: The American Republic Since 1877, Glencoe McGraw-HillTextbook: The American Republic Since 1877, Glencoe McGraw-Hill

Video clips listed by slide # with name and run time of segmentVideo clips listed by slide # with name and run time of segment American in the 20American in the 20thth Century: World War I: The War in Europe. United Learning. Century: World War I: The War in Europe. United Learning.

2003. Unitedstreaming. 1 October 2005. 2003. Unitedstreaming. 1 October 2005. http://www.unitedstreaming.com/• #2 Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23#2 Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23• #4 Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46#4 Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46• #11 1914_Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25#11 1914_Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25• #21 Realities_of_War_The_Trenches_Weapons_and_Death 3:34#21 Realities_of_War_The_Trenches_Weapons_and_Death 3:34• #23 America_Joins_the_Ranks 4:17#23 America_Joins_the_Ranks 4:17• #28 Raising_Money_Conservation_and_Government_Controls 2:20#28 Raising_Money_Conservation_and_Government_Controls 2:20• #32 Committee_on_Public_Information 1:52#32 Committee_on_Public_Information 1:52• #35 1918_America_Arrives_Just_in_Time 2:00#35 1918_America_Arrives_Just_in_Time 2:00

American in the 20American in the 20thth Century: World War I: On the Homefront. United Learning. Century: World War I: On the Homefront. United Learning. 2003. Unitedstreaming. 1 October 2005. 2003. Unitedstreaming. 1 October 2005. http://www.unitedstreaming.com/

• #34 Fear_on_the_Homefront_The_Espionage_and_Sedition_Acts 5:19#34 Fear_on_the_Homefront_The_Espionage_and_Sedition_Acts 5:19• #37 Peace_Diplomacy_and_Reparations#37 Peace_Diplomacy_and_Reparations